短语get away with的语用分析

基于中学生对短语get away with“做错事而不受惩罚／逃脱责任”的语用错误,简析了get away with的用法误区并归纳其常见用法,最后提出相应的短语教学建议。短语get away with常与not使用在否定句中表达“A不（能）让B做了某事而不受惩罚”或“A不放过B做了某事”以及“不让某人逃脱做某事的责任”,两种常见的用法总结如下：（1）A＋助动词,情态动词＋not ＋have／let B get away with（doing）sth．（2）sb．＋助动词／情态动词＋not＋get away with（doing）sth．     

精析with复合结构与独立主格结构

一、with复合结构 1．with复合结构的形式：with＋名词（或人称代词宾格）＋宾补（名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等）     

谈谈“with+宾语+非谓语动词”

“with＋宾语＋非谓语动词”构成with的复合结构。该结构在句中常作状语，表示方式、原因、伴随状况等。在此结构中，非谓语动词的使用是难点，也是高考的考查内容。要想正确无误地使用这一结构，就必须对这一结构的含义和用法有充分的了解。１．with＋宾语＋带to的不定式在此结构中，当非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生时，就使用带to的不定式。及物动词的不定式所表示的动作与with后的宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系；不及物动词的不定式所表示的动作与with后的宾语没有逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：（１）Withsomanyvisitorstomeet，hellbeverybusy．…     

Association between infection of different strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porphyromonas gingivalis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</Emphasis> in subgingival plaque and clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate subgingival infection frequencies ofPorphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains with genetic variation in Chinese chronic periodontitis （CP） patients and to evaluate its correlation with clinical parameters. Methods： Two multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） assays were developed to detect the 16SrDNA, collagenase （prtC） and fimbria （fimA） genes of P. gingivalis and the 16SrDNA, leukotoxin （lktA） and fimbria-associated protein （fap） genes ofA. actinomycetemcomitans in 60 sulcus samples from 30 periodontal healthy subjects and in 122 subgingival plaque samples from 61 patients with CP. The PCR products were further T-A cloned and sent for nucleotide sequence analysis. Results： The 16SrDNA,prtC andfimA genes ofP. gingivalis were detected in 92.6%, 85.2% and 80.3% of the subgingival plaque samples respectively, while the 16SrDNA, lktA andfap genes ofA. actinomycetemcomitans were in 84.4%, 75.4% and 50.0% respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed 98.62%-100% homology of the PCR products in these genes with the reported sequences. P. gingivalis strains with prtC＋/fimA＋ and A. actinomycetemcomitans with lktA＋ were predominant in deep pockets （〉6 mm） or in sites with attachment loss 〉5 mm than in shallow pockets （3-4 mm） or in sites with attachment loss 〈2 mm （P〈0.05）. P. gingivalis strains withprtC＋/fimA＋ also showed higher frequency in gingival index （GI）=3 than in GI=1 group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Infection ofP. gingivalis with prtC＋/fimA＋ and A. actinomycetemcomitans with lktA＋ correlates with periodontal destruction of CP in Chinese. Nonetheless P. gingivalis fim4, prtC genes and A. actinomycetem- comitans lktA gene are closely associated with periodontal destruction, while A. actinomycetemcomitansfap gene is not.     

A quantum chemistry study on reaction mechanisms of SO2 with O3 and H2O2

Reaction mechanisms of SO2 with O3 and H2O2 were investigated using quantum chemistry ab initio methods. Structures of all reactants, products, and transition states were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G＋（3df,2p） level, and energy calculations were made at the G2M level. SO2 reactions with O3 and H2O2 occurred by O-abstraction and OH-abstraction by SO2, respectively, at length forming SO3＋O2 （3Eg） and H2SO4. For SO2＋O3 reactions the barrier height was predicted to be 9.68 kcal/mol with a rate constant of 3.61 × 10^-23 cm^3/（molecule.s） at 300 K, which is below the experimental upper limit. The rate constant predicted for this reaction accords well with the one provided by National Institute for Standards and Technology （NIST） in 250-500 K. For SO2＋H2O2 reactions the barrier height was predicted to be 62.39 kcal/mol with a rate constant of 2.48× 10^-61 cm^3/（molecule.s） at 300 K.     

怎样表达“怎么样”

1. What/How about＋n. （doing）？用来征求意见、询问消息或提出建议。 2. How are you getting on （along） with＋sth.？用来询问学习或工作等的进展及人与人的相处情况。例如：     

Hypertonic saline resuscitation maintains a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Objective： To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods： A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 18 Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats. The rats were randomly divided into Sham group, HTS group （hypertonic saline resuscitation group） and NS group （normal saline resuscitation group）. Each group contained 6 rats. The CD4~ and CD8~ subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively before shock and after resuscitation by double antibody labelling and flow cytometry. Results： In the early stage after hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment, the CD4^＋ lymphocytes of peripheral blood in HTS and NS groups markedly increased. Small volume resuscitation with HTS also induced peripheral CD8^＋ lymphocytes to a certain extent, whereas NS resuscitation showed no effect in this respect. Consequently, compared with Sham and HTS groups, CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio of peripheral blood in NS group was obviously increased, and showed statistically differences. Conclusion： In this model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock, small volume resuscitation with HTS is more effective than NS in reducing immunologic disorders and promoting a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopulations regulating network.     

Diurnal variations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Shanghai

Thirty-six daily time interval PM2.5 samples were collected in different seasonal dates in urban Shanghai, and the concentrations of four anions （Cl- , NO3-, SO4^2-, C2O4^2-） and five cations （NH＋, Na＋, K＋, Ca2＋, Mg2＋） were analyzed with ion chromatography. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were found to be the dominant species, accounting for about 80% of the total ions. The daily nitrate to sulfate mass ratio ranged from 0.31 to 0.82, indicating that coal combustion was still the main pollution source in Shanghai. The equivalent ratio of ammonium to stun of nitrate and sulfate showed fixed diurnal variation pattern in all the sampling days with higher values in the nighttime, suggesting that fine particles in the night were more neutralized. The oxalate to sulfate ratio was lower in the winter sampling days than that in hotter summer and autumn sampling days. Oxalate was significantly correlated with sulfate in winter sampling days, but not in the summer and autumn, suggesting that the formation mechanism of oxalate and sulfate was similar in winter, however different in hot days.     

如何用条件句表达可能性

We form the First Conditional with two clauses： If ＋ a Present Simple verb / will ＋ an infinitive. For example： a） If we go by train, it will be much quicker. b） If you don＇t tell her, she＇ll be angry.     

CaO+SiO2+Al2O3+MgO+FeO 五元渣系中FeO 活度的研究

Activities of FeO in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO slags were determined at 1673 K by electrochemical of the solid electrolyte cell： Mo [Mo＋MoOu[ZrO2（MgO）[Fe＋（CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO）＋Ag[Fe. The influences of slag compositions and basicity on FeO activities were analyzed. The results reveal that, for slags of fixed （%CaO）/（%SiO2） ratio, MgO and Al2O3 content, there was an increase of FeO activities with increase of FeO content. For slags with constant {（%CaO）＋ （%MgO）}/（%SiO2） ratio, fixed FeO and A1203 content, FeO activities decreased when MgO content increased from 5% to 10%, and increased with the increase of MgO content when it was over 10%. The FeO activities increased when （%CaO）/（%SiO2） ratio changed from 1.03 to 1.30 in the slags of constant MgO, FeO and Al2O3 content.     

过去进行时的被动语态

In this month＇ s grammar fun section we＇ll be looking at the passive voice with the past continuous. The Active ＆ Passive Voices We form the past continuous with ＂was/were＂ ＋ verb, qng. For example a） I was walking. b） He was running.     

用零条件句描述简单事实

We can form the Zero Conditional with if＋ a verb in a present tense, and another clause with a present tense verb. For example： a） if you open the window, it gets cold in here. b） If you leave chocolate in the hot sun. it melts.     

从高考试题看“介词with的复合结构”的用法

英语中“介词with＋复合宾语”的结构也叫介词短语的复合结构，这种结构在中学英语课本中频频出现，用法十分灵活而且复杂。近年来，高考命题者常常通过一定的语境来考查with这一复合结构的用法，下面让我们先看看两道与介词with复合结构相关的高考试题：[第一段]     

With复合结构的用法

with复合结构是高中阶段的一个重要语法知识,也是学生学习的难点。其构成是由“with＋名词／代词＋adj．／adv．／prep．／phrase／doing／done／to do．”,在此结构中的名词或代词充当逻辑主语．而后面的形容词,副词,分词等充当逻辑谓语,整个结构可在句中充当定语、状语等,表示状态或说明背景。正确使用此结构可以使句子显得简洁、明了。下面就此结构的构成和用法小结如下：     

Oscillation Criteria for Two-dimensional Differential Systems

This paper is concerned with the oscillation behavior of solution of the second order linear differential system u＇= p（t）v,v＇=-q（t）u,some sufficient conditions are given to improve some results in [1] where{p},{q} ：[0,＋∞） → [0＋∞） are locally summable functions.     

现在完成时的被动语态

In this month＇ s grammar fun section we＇ll be looking at the passive voice with the present perfect. The Active ＆ Passive Voices We form the present perfect with ＂has/have＂ ＋ a past participle. Remember, we generally use the present perfect to talk about completed actions from the past without saying exactly when they happened. The following example     

被动语态的过去完成时

In this month＇ s grammar fun section we＇ll be looking at the passive voice with the past perfect tense.The Past Perfect We form the past perfect with ＂had＂ ＋ a past participle. And we use the past perfect to talk about an action that happened before another past tense action. For example：＂had been＂ and a past participle. Remember, with the passive voice, the object of the verb becomes the subject, and it isn＇t necessary to mention who ＂did＂ the action, although you can introduce the person/people with the word ＂by＂. For example：     

Lagrangian time scales and its relationship to Eulerian equivalents in turbulent channel flow

Lagrangian and Eulerian time scales were obtained from the direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow at two Reynolds numbers based on the friction velocity and channel half-height, Rer= 80, 100. The Lagrangian integral time scales and time microscales were compared to their Eulerian equivalents. It is found that the ratio of Lagrangian to TL Eulerian integral time scales is given by TE/TiE= 1 ＋ 0.1y＋ for y＋ ≤ 10, and that the ratios between the Lagrangian to theEulerian time microscales are almost the same irrespective of the components. Those increase with y＋ are approximated by ≈ 2.75 - 1.75 exp （-v＋/a） . These results also show that these expressions are independent of the Reynolds number.     

七年级（下）Units 3-4要点与中考链接

1. ＂It＇s really very kind __ you to help me with the housework on Sundays,＂ said Grandma Huang. 【解析】A句意：黄奶奶说：“你们周日帮我做家务,真是太好了。”It’s＋adj．＋of sb．to do sth．意思是“某人做某事真是……”,形容词往往为clever,kind,nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。     

Computational Simulation of Hypervelocity Penetration Using Adaptive SPH Method

The normal hypervelocity impact of an Al-thin plate by an Al-sphere was numerically simulated by using the adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics （ASPH） method. In this method, the isotropic smoothing algorithm of standard SPH is replaced with anisotropic smoothing involving ellipsoidal kernels whose axes evolve automatically to follow the mean particle spacing as it varies in time, space, and direction around each particle. Using the ASPH, the anisotropic volume changes under strong shock condition are captured more accurately and clearly. The sophisticated features of meshless and Lagrangian nature inherent in the SPH method are kept for treating large deformations, large inhomogeneities and tracing free surfaces in the extremely transient impact process. A two-dimensional ASPH program is coded with C ＋ ＋. The developed hydrocode is examined for example problems of hypervelocity impacts of solid materials. The results obtained from the numerical simulation are compared with available experimental ones. Good agreement is observed.