高中生数学阅读能力调查研究

高中生数学阅读能力是否存在年级差异、性别差异是一个有现实意义的研究课题。研究表明:(1)高一、高二年级学生数学阅读能力存在显著差异,高二学生数学阅读能力优于高一。(2)高一年级理(文)科快班男、女生数学阅读能力存在差异,女生数学阅读能力高于男生;高一年级理(文)科普通班男、女生数学阅读能力不存在差异。(3)高二年级数学阅读能力男女存在显著差异,男生数学阅读能力好于女生。高二年级理(文)科实验班数学阅读能力男、女生不存在差异。高二年级普通理(文)科班数学阅读能力男、女生不存在差异。     

中学生数学焦虑的调查与分析

数学焦虑作为一种消极的数学学习体验已成为数学教育中的一个热点问题.对数学焦虑与数学成绩、数学兴趣、自我效能、性别差异和年级差异的关系进行调查,结果发现:数学成绩与数学焦虑显著相关;数学兴趣、自我效能均与数学焦虑呈显著负相关;男、女生在数学焦虑上存在显著差异,女生焦虑水平比男生高;中学各个年级的数学焦虑水平没有显著差异,初三学生的焦虑水平在中学阶段是最高的.     

中小学生“新性别差距”的实证研究

针对北京市18所中小学四年级至高三2381名学生的“新性别差距”问题进行实证分析.结果表明:(1)数学成绩仅小学五年级学生存在显著性别差异,语文成绩高二和高三学生没有显著性别差异,英语成绩高一和高二学生没有显著性别差异;(2)小学四年级、六年级,初一、初二、高二担任班干部的女生人数显著高于男生,其他年级没有显著差异;(3)教师对学生考试成绩的关注程度在四年级存在显著性别差异,其他年级均没有显著差异.家长对学生考试成绩的关注程度在五年级、初二、高一至高三均没有显著性别差异.     

合肥市流动儿童学习适应性调查分析

利用《学习适应性量表》（ AAT）对合肥市两所小学3-6年级280名流动儿童进行学习适应性调查研究。调查结果显示：合肥市小学流动儿童的学习适应性总体水平与全国常模相比有较大差异,且学习适应性问题有随年级升高而升高的发展趋势;家庭环境、独立性、心身健康、学校环境等因素对流动儿童学习适应性的影响较大;流动儿童学习适应性的发展存在一定程度的性别差异,女生的学习适应性整体水平显著高于男生。     

青少年自尊发展特点研究

采用自编<青少年自尊评定问卷>,探讨2 470名青少年自尊发展的年级和性别特点.结果表明:(1)青少年自尊存在显著的年级差异,初二是青少年自尊发展的关键时期;(2)青少年自尊存在极其显著的性别差异,女生自尊发展水平显著高于男生.从而可以预测,女生的心理健康水平高于男生.     

高年级小学生学校适应与学习倦怠的关系及对策

为探讨小学生学校适应和学习倦怠的关系,随机抽取山东省枣庄市两所小学四五六年级共380名学生作为研究对象,使用小学生学校适应量表和学习倦怠量表进行测查。结果表明:女生的人际适应显著好于男生,男女生在学校适应上不存在显著的性别差异;四五年级学生学校适应显著好于六年级,四五年级间不存在显著差异;男生的学习倦怠水平显著高于女生;四六年级学生的学习倦怠水平显著高于五年级,四六年级间不存在显著差异;学校适应及各维度与学习倦怠存在非常显著的中等程度负相关;学校适应能够显著预测学习倦怠。建议学校和教师可以通过培养儿童的学校适应能力,从而改善其学习倦怠。     

民族杂居区小学儿童心理理论发展研究

研究采用解释性心理理论任务、白谎任务和失言任务考察了民族杂居区7至12岁小学儿童心理理论的发展。结果发现:(1)解释性心理理论在整个小学期随儿童年龄的增长而逐渐提高,性别差异不显著,9岁和10岁存在显著的民族差异,汉族儿童优于少数民族儿童。(2)白谎理解能力儿童到11、12岁时才有显著提高,汉族儿童比少数民族儿童进步大,女生成绩优于男生。(3)失言理解整个小学期发展缓慢,直到12岁才有一定提高,汉族儿童比少数民族儿童进步大,女生和男生间没表现出显著差异。     

3～4年级小学生的独立性和自我控制关系研究

本研究从大连市明星小学选取三、四年级小学生共124人,采用问卷法对小学生的独立性和自我控制的关系进行了研究。结果表明：（1）小学三、四年级是小学生独立性和自我控制发展的缓慢时期。在这一时期,小学生独立性略有上升,发展缓慢,差异不显著。自我控制的发展略有下降,但差异不显著。（2）小学生自我控制的发展存在性别差异,女生的自我控制的水平高于男生,差异显著;独立性的发展不存在性别差异,女生略高于男生,但差异不显著。（3）小学生的独立性和自我控制存在高度相关。     

初中生自主性结构及其发展特点研究

本研究采用自编的《初中生自主性发展自陈问卷》,对257名初中生的自主性从三个维度进行研究,结果表明:(1)初中生自主性发展具有独特的年级特点。在自主性发展水平上,初一与初二、初三学生之间存在显著的年级差异,并且初一水平好于初二、初三;初二与初三学生之间不存在显著的年级差异。初二是自主性发展水平下降最为明显的阶段。到了初三,除自我控制维度继续呈下降趋势外,其余维度及总体发展水平不再下降。(2)初中生在自主性的总体发展水平及自我依靠和自我主张两个维度上均不存在显著的性别差异,但在自我控制维度上存在显著的性别差异,并且女生水平好于男生。初一学生在自我控制维度上、初二学生在总体发展水平上存在显著性别差异,而且均表现为女生水平好于男生。初三学生中不存在显著的性别差异。     

八年级学生数学认知水平的性别差异

学习成就的性别差异是国际教育界的关注点之一.数学认知水平的测试调查、比较表明:初二学生在总成绩上男、女生的差异不显著,但女生在分水平(计算、概念、领会、分析)上的表现几乎都呈现略比男生差的现象;访谈的结果也加强了这一观念.     

Interesting,but Less Interested: Gender Differences and Similarities in Mathematics Interest

The purpose of the present study was to examine gender differences in mathematics interest. In a sample of middle school students (N?=?366), we examined mathematics interest as a trait (i.e., individual interest) and as a current state (i.e., situational interest) during a learning activity in mathematics. Assessment of perceived competence, performance, and effort during learning was also included. Results revealed a significant difference between boys and girls in their ratings of individual interest, but not in the current experience of situational interest. Furthermore, boys and girls did not differ in performance during learning, but girls invested significantly more effort than boys. Results and their implications are discussed in relation to interest development, gender differences, and subjective beliefs.     

The Dutch gender gap in mathematics: Small for achievement, substantial for beliefs and attitudes

In general, studies on gender and mathematics show that the advantage held by boys over girls in mathematics achievement has diminished markedly over the last 40 years. Some researchers even argue that gender differences in mathematics achievement are no longer a relevant issue. However, the results of the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study of 2003 (TIMSS-2003), as well as the participation rates of girls in (advanced) mathematics courses, show that in some countries, such as the Netherlands, gender equity in mathematics is still far from a reality. Research on gender and mathematics is often limited to the relationship between gender differences in attitudes toward mathematics and gender differences in mathematics achievement. In school effectiveness research, theories and empirical evidence emphasize the importance of certain school and class characteristics (e.g., strong educational leadership, safe and orderly learning climate) for achievement and attitudes. However, there is little information available at to whether these factors have the same or a different influence on the achievement of girls and boys. This study used the Dutch data from TIMSS-2003 to explore the relationship between school- and class characteristics and the mathematics achievement and attitudes for both girls and boys in Grade 4 of the primary school. The explorations documented in this paper were guided by a conceptual model of concentric circles and involved multilevel analyses. Interaction effects with gender were assessed for each influencing factor that turned out to have a significant effect. The results of these analyses provide additional insight into the influence that non-school-related and school-related factors have on the mathematics achievement and attitudes of girls and boys.     

School Differences in Producing Gender‐Related Subject Choices

Gender differences in mathematics are well‐documented. This article reports the results of a longitudinal study on the development of mathematics achievement and choice behaviour of both boys and girls between 12 and 15 years of age in higher general secondary education. First of all, it is shown that there are differences in the development of mathematics achievement between schools. There are, however, no gender‐related differences between schools in these development patterns. The main issue is that differences in choice behaviour between boys and girls can only partially be explained by differences in mathematics achievement. It therefore seems worthwhile to assess the role of schools in this process. Results indicate that schools neither differ in gender differences in choice behaviour, nor in their potential to transform initial achievement differences between boys and girls into an inclination to choose mathematics as a final examination subject. In other words: differential school effects in terms of gender‐specific school effects could not be demonstrated.     

Gender differences in mathematics achievement: an investigation of gender differences by item difficulty interactions

This paper presents findings from research exploring gender by item difficulty interaction on mathematics test scores in Cyprus. Data steamed from 2 longitudinal studies with 4 different age groups of primary school students. The hypothesis that boys tended to outperform girls on the hardest items and girls tended to outperform boys on the easiest items was generally supported for each year group. The effect of social class was also examined. For each social class, there was a correlation between the item difficulty differences estimated on girls and boys separately and the difficulty of the item estimated on the whole sample. It is claimed that in understanding gender differences in mathematics, item difficulty should be treated as an independent variable. Suggestions for further studies are provided, and implications for the development of assessment policy in mathematics are drawn.     

Confidence in Mathematics and its Consequences: Gender differences among Israeli Jewish and Arab youth

Gender differences in mathematics learning in the high school serve as a basis for achievement in mathematical disciplines in higher education, as well as in social mobility in Western society. The main findings reported here are that, in the Jewish sector in Israel, even when the level of mathematics is held constant, so that the perceived degree of achievement in mathematics of boys and girls is similar, girls are nevertheless found to report a lower degree of self-confidence in mathematics than boys on a number of different measures. Paradoxically, the educational system in the Arab sector, despite its gender conservatism relative to the general Jewish sector, has succeeded in generating amongst its female students a high degree of perceived achievement and self-confidence in mathematics, which in turn increases their willingness to consider mathematically-based studies and professions in the future.     

Gender Differences in Mathematics Participation: an Australian perspective

Gender differences in many areas of participation in school are receding, but the gap favouring males in mathematics study in senior secondary school persists. This study attempted to identify some of the dimensions underlying gender differences in mathematics participation. The data from a survey of Years 10, 11 and 12 students at four high schools were used to examine the relationships between the gender differences in attitudes towards mathematics and the participation in senior school courses. The findings suggest that the separation of senior school mathematics into academic and non-academic subjects was more efficient for boys than for girls because in the junior years of high school boys develop more positive views of mathematics and of themselves as mathematics learners leading to them more often selecting the university-preferred options. Not all girls were disadvantaged, however. Girls from middle-class backgrounds, particularly those from professional and managerial origins, tended to remain confident and retained their interest in mathematics supporting high enrolment rates in the specialist maths stream at the senior level of high school. The social background offset the effects of gender.     

Gender equity in mathematical achievement: the case of China

Gender differences in achievement in mathematics, a traditionally male-stereotyped subject, have long been a concern for many educators around the world. Gender differences in mathematical achievement have decreased in recent decades, especially in Western countries, and become small or insignificant in large-scale tests, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The situation in China has not yet been studied. The recent PISA report lists China B-S-J-G (representing Beijing–Shanghai–Jiangsu–Guangdong) as an educational system with no significant gender difference in mathematical achievement. Based on a secondary analysis of PISA 2015 mathematics data from China B-S-J-G, this study more deeply scrutinized gender differences in Chinese students’ mathematical performance, emphasizing societal factors, namely students’ socioeconomic status, school level, school type, school location, and socioeconomic status at school level. This analysis revealed important differences within the overall picture. Most importantly, significantly more boys than girls scored in the top tier of mathematics achievement. At the lower- and upper-secondary school levels, boys performed significantly better than girls, with the achievement difference increasing at the upper-secondary level. Furthermore, this study found that, on average, Chinese (B-S-J-G) girls achieved significantly lower average scores on the PISA 2015 mathematics test than boys in the same school. Overall, students’ individual characteristics and school characteristics need to be separated and both taken into account to examine the role of gender in mathematical achievement, which has not been thoroughly investigated in the past.     

农村留守儿童的问题行为调查及家庭影响因素

本研究采用早期问题行为发现量表对470名小学四、五、六年级和初一、初二、初三的留守儿童进行测量。结果发现：留守儿童存在情绪方面的问题行为较为严重，其次为学业适应不良及人际关系不适应；男生容易出现学习不适应问题，女生较易出现情绪不稳定问题；年级差异上，四年级、六年级和初三留守儿童学习和情绪问题较其他年级更严重；是否与兄弟姐妹生活在一起、父母外出时间、外出距离、回家频率、代养人类别及教养方式、留守儿童性剐及年级是影响留守儿童问题行为的重要因素。     

高中数学学习兴趣与能力的现状研究

以数学学习兴趣（I）和学习能力（J）两个指标针对高中三个年级的数学学习现状进行调查表明：1）年级因素、性别因素以及年级和性别的交叉因素对数学学习的状况非常明显的影响,年级对学习兴趣和学习能力均有显著的影响,而性别只对学习能力有影响,对学习兴趣无显著影响。2）随着年级的升高,男、女生的数学学习兴趣和学习能力都随之发生显著地变化,男生的学习兴趣和学习能力随着年级的增加而增强,因此高三男生的数学学习兴趣和能力最高;高一年级女生的学习兴趣最低,而高三女生的学习兴趣和学习能力都高于高一、高二年级。3）通过年级因素的多重比较发现,在学习兴趣方面,高二、高三无显著差别,且均高于高一;在学习能力方面,均存在非常显著的差异,且高三最高,高二次之,高一最低。     

西方数学学习性别差异研究述评

数学学习性别差异是西方教育理论研究的热点问题之一.这一课题的研究在国际上已取得很多重要成果,这些研究结论不尽相同,甚至对立,如:男生比女生在数学学习方面占优势;男女生在数学学习方面各有优势;男女生在数学学习方面无显著差异等.有的学者从男女先天的智力和生理特征的角度解释造成差异的原因;有的学者从自我信念体系、社会文化及学校因素、教师观念、家长观念解释造成差异的原因.为了平衡数学学习中的性别差异,我们应树立性别平等意识、实施单一性别教育,开展"因性施教"的教学方式.