Re-making Jobs: Enacting and Learning Work Practices

This paper takes up understandings of organisations where practices constitute and frame past and present work, as well as future work practice possibilities. Within this view, work practices, and thus organisations, are both perpetuated and varied through employees’ enactments of work. Using a practice lens, we are particularly interested in the ways workers simultaneously maintain and alter practices in their workplace—we characterise this as re-making one’s job. This perspective challenges ways in which managers often depict jobs and everyday work—as rational, linear and easily describable. We suggest that workers at various levels of responsibility contribute more to the formation of organisational practices than is often assumed. The processes of re-making jobs and remaking organisational practices create tensions that we posit as sites for learning. This paper addresses these issues through a focus on work practices in two Australian organisations that have been undergoing significant cultural change.     

Researching the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: An Analysis of Current Curriculum Practices

The purpose of this study was to analyze how instructors designed courses for scholarship of teaching and learning initiatives. The case studies and qualitative analyses of the data revealed that some instructors are approaching teaching as an investigative process. Informed by multiple assessment methods, the participating instructors explored how changes in course designs can improve student learning and development. The results of this study illustrate that these instructors reflected on their course designs and emphasized the quality of student learning and its improvement, which helps to address the public's expectations of higher education institutions as centers of academic excellence.     

Enacting Informal Science Learning: Exploring the Battle for Informal Learning

Informal Science Learning (ISL) is a policy narrative of interest in the United Kingdom and abroad. This paper explores how a group of English secondary school science teachers, enacted ISL science clubs through employing the Periodic Table of Videos. It examines how these teachers ‘battled’ to enact ISL policy in performative conditions at the micro-scale, and how this battle reflected macro-scale epistemological and political considerations. Data from the study suggests that for some, ISL was low stakes as it was seen to have negligible impact upon performance data. As a result, there was some resistance towards enacting ISL and conflict between the formal and informal curriculum processes. Nonetheless, analysis indicates that the informants highly valued ISL despite the requirement for them to justify it over more formal and ‘effective’ approaches to learning science.     

研究性学习在高中教学中的实践与反思

研究性学习是对传统教学的一大挑战。在很大程度上,当前的教学过程依然是课堂、教师、书本“三中心”,“灌输式”充斥课堂,师生关系基本上处于单向传输状态,缺乏问题的探究和情感交流,导致了“教”与“学”的分离。针对这些弊端,开设研究性学习这门课程就是要促使教师从单纯传授知识的教书匠向教学活动中的“向导”、“顾问”角色转换,把学生的学习建立在人的主体性、自觉性和自主性基础之上,凸现学习过程的发现、探究,使学习过程真正成为学生生动活泼的成长过程,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,学生最终在学习过程中完成五大转变:①由“被动…     

Survey of Undergraduate Research Experiences (SURE): First Findings

In this study, I examined the hypothesis that undergraduate research enhances the educational experience of science undergraduates, attracts and retains talented students to careers in science, and acts as a pathway for minority students into science careers. Undergraduates from 41 institutions participated in an online survey on the benefits of undergraduate research experiences. Participants indicated gains on 20 potential benefits and reported on career plans. Over 83% of 1,135 participants began or continued to plan for postgraduate education in the sciences. A group of 51 students who discontinued their plans for postgraduate science education reported significantly lower gains than continuing students. Women and men reported similar levels of benefits and similar patterns of career plans. Ethnic groups did not significantly differ in reported levels of benefits or plans to continue with postgraduate education.     

Improving Group Work Practices in Teaching Life Sciences: Trialogical Learning

Research in Science Education - Trialogical learning, a collaborative and iterative knowledge creation process using real-life artefacts or problems, familiarizes students with working life...     

透视非正式学习——基于非正式学习与正式学习对比的视角

在非正式学习的应用逐渐成为研究热点而理论研究相对薄弱的背景下,文章从非正式学习与正式学习对比的视角,对非正式学习的本质性问题进行了探讨。文章认为,实践性强是非正式学习的本质属性,非正式学习让学习成为一种生活方式并使终身学习成为可能。     

Combining Work and Learning in the Informal Economy: Implications for Education, Training and Skills Development

Although education is identified as a key determinant of economic development and poverty eradication, this relationship is only possible when educationists are able to provide a comprehensive picture of the educational process in working life. In this paper it is argued that if systems of education and training are to cater to both the formal and the informal labour markets, then they need to take into account the traditions and values of the system of vocational learning in working life, cater to the requirements of local development and be based on an understanding of the kinds of competencies people in the informal economy want, need and utilise, the socio-economic and cultural contexts within which they work, and how they cope and sustain their livelihood strategies.     

Combining Work and Learning in the Informal Economy: Implications for Education, Training and Skills Development

Although education is identified as a key determinant of economic development and poverty eradication, this relationship is only possible when educationists are able to provide a comprehensive picture of the educational process in working life. In this paper it is argued that if systems of education and training are to cater to both the formal and the informal labour markets, then they need to take into account the traditions and values of the system of vocational learning in working life, cater to the requirements of local development and be based on an understanding of the kinds of competencies people in the informal economy want, need and utilise, the socio-economic and cultural contexts within which they work, and how they cope and sustain their livelihood strategies.     

Lifelong Learning and Underemployment in the Knowledge Society: A North American perspective

The knowledge society is alive and well with adults engaged in unprecedented high levels of formal schooling, continuing education courses and informal learning. The 'knowledge economy', however, is still illusory. There is serious underemployment of people's learning capacities in current workplaces. This underemployment has several dimensions: the talent use gap; structural underemployment; involuntary reduced employment; the credential gap; the performance gap; and subjective underemployment. This article documents both extensive lifelong learning and massive underemployment in Canada and the USA. I suggest that this gap can be adequately addressed not by still more emphasis on lifelong learning, but rather by substantial economic reforms.     

加拿大政府与印第安土著民族关系探析

加拿大政府与印第安土著民族之间的关系尚未理顺。加拿大政府与印第安土著民族关系的恶化 ,是由欧洲殖民者对印第安土著人推行的压迫、同化等政策造成的。加拿大政府对印第安人实施的政策有 3个演变过程 :1.绥靖 (与武力交替使用 ) ;2 .统治 ;3.同化。加拿大政府与印第安人在能源与其他自然资源开发 ,印第安人的高犯罪率、高自杀率、高失业率 ,印第安人的自治问题等方面存在着程度不同的矛盾。解决加政府与印第安土著民族的核心问题是恢复印第安等土著民族所固有的自治权等     

Changing Notions of Lifelong Education and Lifelong Learning

Drawing on material from IRE as well as other sources, this article describes how the notion of lifelong education came into prominence in the educational world in the late 1960s, how it related to the concepts of formal, non-formal and informal education, and how it contrasted with the idea of recurrent eduction, as promoted by the OECD. The author goes on to discuss the emergence of the broader and more holistic concept of lifelong learning and the various ways in which it is understood. The article shows how IRE and its host institute have played an important part in the debate on these issues.     

Changing Notions of Lifelong Education and Lifelong Learning

Drawing on material from IRE as well as other sources, this article describes how the notion of lifelong education came into prominence in the educational world in the late 1960s, how it related to the concepts of formal, non-formal and informal education, and how it contrasted with the idea of recurrent eduction, as promoted by the OECD. The author goes on to discuss the emergence of the broader and more holistic concept of lifelong learning and the various ways in which it is understood. The article shows how IRE and its host institute have played an important part in the debate on these issues.     

非正式学习:学习科学研究的生长点

非正式学习是一种广泛存在于个体日常活动中的有效学习方式,近年来正逐渐成为国际学习科学领域的新兴研究热点。场馆学习、服务性学习和职场学习是三种典型的非正式学习模式。通过对三种学习模式比较分析发现,非正式学习受到个体情境、社会情境和物理情境等三类情境因素的影响,学习者在非正式学习过程中可获得多元的学习结果,以促进自身能力和素质的全面发展。对非正式学习的研究可拓展我们对学习和教育本质的理解,为了促进非正式学习的研究发挥更加有效的作用,教育研究者和实践者可以构建评价非正式学习效果的有效评估体系,探索影响非正式学习效果的诸多因素之间的交互作用,并谨慎推广非正式学习的研究结果。     

Work Situations Triggering Participation in Informal Learning in the Workplace: A Case Study of Public School Teachers

Interviews and site visits were conducted with 22 teachers to identify the work situations that trigger their engagement in informal learning and the personal characteristics that enhance their motivation to engage in informal learning when dealing with such situations. Analysis of the data found that three types of work situations triggered engagement in informal learning: new teaching tasks, new leadership roles, and adherence to policies and procedures. Motivation to engage in informal learning was enhanced by teachers' initiative, self‐efficacy, commitment to life‐long learning, and interest in their content area. Implications of the findings for theory, research, and the facilitation of informal learning are discussed.     

Informal Learning and the Role of Social Movements

It is now widely recognised that skills and competences needed for working and living can be acquired in a variety of ways outside the framework of formal educational systems. The author calls for an enlarged view of learning that emphasises the abilities of the individual learner and includes informal acquisition of skills on-the-job. In this kind of learning the teacher has to acquire a different role, becoming more of a partner in a joint educational process. The author argues that in this regard we can learn much from the example of popular educational movements in Latin America, some of which have established successful collaboration with the world of employment. In these examples he sees indications of promising approaches for the future.     

Findings of the Survey of Undergraduate Concerns:

Results of a survey among Princeton undergraduates on undergraduate concerns are reported. Areas found to be of greatest importance were concerns about wasting time and balancing academic and social activities. Academic concerns were considered of higher priority than social ones. Underclass students were more concerned than upperclass students about academic and social issues, males more concerned than females about drinking and drugs, and minority students students more concerned than non-minority students about academic performance.