某高校医学生艾滋病知识来源与态度调查分析

目的：了解高校医学生艾滋病知识的获得途径及其对艾滋病的态度。方法：采用问卷调查方法对某高校医学生作抽样调查。结果：报刊杂志、广播电视、朋友同学、教师与教材是高校医学生获得艾滋病知识的主要途径，其中报刊杂志、电视、老师讲课是他们最喜爱的方式，生病打针时针具消毒不严格与周围有HIV感染者存在是医学生担心自己被HIV感染的主要原因，大多数医学生的求医行为正确，但部分学生对艾滋病的心理随能力差，心理复杂，对HIV感染者或艾滋病病人的态度也不太理想。结论：在对高校医学生进行艾滋病健康教育时，要充分利用其喜爱接受方式，加强医学生的患病行为的指导和行为道德的教育力度，加强心理健康教育。     

运城市艾滋病流行现状及对策

分析了运城市艾滋病的流行形势与存在问题,提出了预防控制艾滋病的有效措施、防治对策。     

Topics discussed with mothers and fathers for parent–child sex communication among African-American adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in parent–child sex communication for 14 topics among early adolescent African-American youth. Similar to prior research, a larger percentage of participants reported they discussed sex with their mother in comparison to their father. In contrast to prior research, more males than females reported they discussed sexual topics with their mothers and fathers. Binary logistic regression analysis found significant differences for males versus females for father–child conversations on 12 of the 14 topics. Only two of the analyses were significant for males versus females on mother–child discussion of the topics. Finally, parent–child conversations tended to focus on general versus personal information. For example, a larger percentage of participants reported discussing general information on HIV/AIDS compared to discussing sexual orientation. The importance of research that focuses on the role of fathers in parent–child sexual socialisation is discussed.     

HIV疫苗的种类及其评价

艾滋病是一种全球性传染性疾病,蔓延速度快,死亡率高。为了有效的控制艾滋病的蔓延,广大科学工作者致力于艾滋病疫苗的研究。随着对HIV生物学和免疫学的深入认识,人类先后尝试了多种艾滋病疫苗的制备,如HIV灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗、活载体病毒蛋白疫苗及DNA疫苗等,其中有些已取得了可喜成果,并进入临床人体试验。     

我国艾滋病感染者就业歧视产生的主要原因

在我国,艾滋病感染者遭遇就业歧视的主要原因在法律层面上是由于法出多门、立法层次较低、内容不完善、法律可操作性不强、执法监督力度不够,从而法律不能充分保障艾滋病感染者的就业权利;在社会层面上,由于人们缺乏对艾滋病的正确认识,对艾滋病及其感染者心存疑虑和恐惧,因而表现出对艾滋病感染者的排斥和歧视。     

高校HIV/AIDS健康教育的意义与方法

了解高校HIV／AIDS健康教育的意义,掌握具体的教学方法,加强在大学生人群中开展HIV／AIDS知识的宣传,发挥大学生在HIV／AIDS防治工作中的作用,对控制AIDS的流行具有重要的现实意义。     

回归分析方法预测某市HIV／AIDS流行趋势的应用研究

根据疾病预防控制中心提供的数据,应用回归分析的方法,建立了某市HIV／AIDS逐年新增人数预测模型和经性传播HIV／AIDS新增人数预测模型,并分析得出该市未来3年HIV／AIDS的发展趋势：HIV／AIDS新增人数逐年趋于平稳,但是仍有上升的迹象;经性传播HIV／AIDS新增人数比例逐年上升且速度较快,性传播HIV／AIDS已逐渐成为该市HIV／AIDS传播的主要途径。     

A future of possibilities: Educating children living in HIV impacted households

Close to one and a half million Kenyans reportedly live with HIV/AIDS. Using qualitative in-depth interviews this study explores the ways in which parents living with HIV/AIDS navigate their social and economic environment to provide educational opportunities for their children. Barriers identified include the economic costs of a free primary education, and the emotional implications of living in an HIV affected household. Respondents demonstrate a persistent utilization of internal and external resources in navigating these barriers. These findings support family economic interventions that enable parents guarantee an educational future for their children.     

祥云县2004年至2011年HIV／AIDS流行特征分析

目的：掌握祥云县HIV／AIDS流行趋势,为制订防控措施提供依据。方法：利用描述流行病学方法分析祥云县2004年至2011年报告的祥云籍HIV／AIDS疫情资料。结果：2004年至2011年祥云县共报告祥云籍HIV／AIDS389例,年平均报告率10．6。1／10万,死亡58例;其发病率的分布特征为：2004年至2007年呈快速增长趋势,2008年至2010年趋于平缓;县城高于坝区,坝区高于山区;男性（14．62／10万,年均）大于女性（6．89／10万,年均）,两者差异有统计学意义（X％36．82,P〈0．05）,在男性和女性中的比例为2．27：1;以20~40~为主,占79．69％;以农民（293例）为主,占82-4％;以初中以下学历为主,占97．13％;以非婚性接触和静脉吸毒为主,分别占病例总数的45．76％、38．56％。结论：祥云县艾滋病疫情经过实施全球基金艾滋病控制项目后,疫情已得到初步遏制。由于HIV／AIDS疫情的复杂性,感染途径的多样性,必须加强对艾滋病防治知识宣传,提高全民预防艾滋病的意识;重点应对农民、待业青年开展宣传和教育,加强对流动人口的管理;进一步完善咨询检测网络,提高艾滋病的发现,以有效控制艾滋病的蔓延。     

Multiple determinants of caregiver behavior in child care centers

In this study of the multiple determinants of professional caregiving, 237 caregivers (age range: 18–56 years) from 64 Dutch child care centers were extensively observed during their interactions with the children (0–4 years) in their usual care group. The choice of potential determinants of the caregiving quality was guided by Belsky's [Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 83–96] model of the determinants of parenting. Consistent with Belsky's model, quality of caregiving was found to be multiply determined by characteristics of the caregiver, the children and the caregiving context. More specifically, lower-quality care was provided by younger caregivers, to younger children, and by caregivers reporting higher physical occupational workloads. The differences between the participating child care centers proved to explain more variance in the quality of professional caregiving than the differences between the individual caregivers.     

医学生对艾滋病的认知及对患者的态度研究

目的:了解医学生对艾滋病知识的掌握及对经不同途径感染艾滋病人群的态度.方法:分层整群抽取广州某高校二至四年级本科生,匿名独立答卷,Access数据录入,SPSS10.0统计分析.结果:实际应答261人.医学生对传播途径的正确认识率均较高.在非传播途径的认识中,对蚊虫叮咬及与艾滋病病人或感染者一起洗澡、游泳的认识较低,对艾滋病一般知识的正确认识率在80%以上,在感染途径的排序中,最值得同情的分别为母婴传播(98.5%)、输血(98.8%),最不值得同情的为静脉吸毒(1.6%).班级、性别、生源地等学生对感染途径的态度无差异.结论:医学生对艾滋病的认识带有感染途径的烙印,对吸毒和卖淫感染艾滋病依然存在消极、误解及岐视的态度.     

UNESCO艾滋病预防教育策略初探

艾滋病已成为危害人类社会的国际问题.到目前为止,预防教育是解决艾滋病问题最为有效的方法.联合国教科文组织提出艾滋病预防教育的目的是增进人们对艾滋病传播和预防的知识、意识、技能,形成和树立正确的态度和价值观念,减少艾滋病的传染,减轻艾滋病对社会造成的影响,同时缓解艾滋病对教育系统带来的压力.本文介绍了UNESCO在全球性和地区性两个层面实施艾滋病预防教育的策略,并讨论了这些策略的意义.     

美国托幼机构教育质量研究述评

自20世纪60年代以来,美国托幼机构教育质量研究在民众追求教育的公平、效果和效率的动力推动下,从对一般性的"托幼机构教育是否利于儿童发展"问题的分析,逐渐深入、具体为对"怎样的托幼机构教育更有利于儿童发展"和"如何提供高质量的托幼机构教育"等问题的探究;研究范式从条件-结果模式逐渐转向生态模式,研究设计从考察短期效果的简单横断研究转向分析长期效果的复杂的长期追踪研究.     

RESEARCH SECTION: The acceptability of psychosocial support interventions for children orphaned by HIV/AIDS: an evaluation of teacher ratings

The AIDS epidemic has created many orphans around the globe. A majority of these orphans live in sub‐Saharan Africa. Children orphaned by HIV/AIDS face many daunting challenges in their struggle to cope with life. The issues they face due to the loss of their parent(s) include poverty, the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS and stress. This study carried out by Morgan Chitiyo of Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Darlington Changara of Midlands AIDS Caring Organisation and George Chitiyo of Tennessee Technological University discusses how different psychosocial and educational interventions have been developed to help the children to overcome these challenges. However, few of the interventions have been empirically tested to determine their efficacy. The authors set out to evaluate the treatment acceptability of a psychosocial support programme using a group of teachers who had received training and were participating in the implementation of the programme across their schools. Findings from the study indicate high acceptability ratings of the programme.     

武汉地区艾滋病病毒感染者与患者的社会支持及应对方式的相关性调查

目的探讨人口统计学资料与疾病相关因素,领悟社会支持与应对方式之间的相关性。方法采用问卷调查法,对湖北省武汉地区68名艾滋病病毒感染者与患者进行调查分析。结果积极应对与性别、居住地、文化程度、朋友支持、其他支持、总社会支持之间存在显著相关;消极应对与文化程度、过去一月经历的症状、家庭支持、朋友支持、其他人的支持、总社会支持之间存在显著相关。结论艾滋病病毒感染者与患者采取的应对方式与人口统计学资料、疾病相关因素及社会支持有关,医务工作者应注重评估影响艾滋病病毒感染者与患者应对方式的相关因素,并采取针对性的干预措施以鼓励艾滋病病毒感染者与患者采取积极的方式去应对。