特异针刺对兔急性骨骼肌损伤血清疼痛指标的影响

以12只新西兰白兔为研究对象,造模后随机分为2组,每组6只.A组为对照组,损伤后自然恢复;B组为特异针刺组,损伤后即刻、第1d～5d在损伤部位施以特异针刺治疗,1次/d,每次1.5min～2min.于损伤前,损伤后即刻,损伤后第1、2、3、6天采血,用酶联免疫法测试不同时间血清前列腺素E2(PGE2)、五羟色胺(5-HT)和组胺(HA)浓度.结果表明,与对照组相比,在损伤后第1天特异针刺组血清PGE2显著性的降低(P<0.05),血清5-HT显著性的降低(P<0.01),血清HA的值没有显著性变化(P>0.05);在损伤后第2天,特异针刺组血清PGE2、5-HT和HA值均显著性的降低(P<0.05);在损伤后第3天特异针刺组血清5-HT和HA的浓度均显著性的降低(P<0.05),血清PGE2的值无明显差异(P>0.05);在损伤第6天,两组测试指标无显著性差异(P>0.05).由此而见,特异针刺疗法可有效降低兔急性骨骼肌损伤后的血清PGE2、5-HT和HA等疼痛因子的浓度,减轻损伤后疼痛程度.     

特异针刺对急性腰部肌肉损伤的疗效观察

目的:采用特异针刺和推拿疗法,对体育高考生急性骨骼肌损伤进行治疗,通过对临床症状、肌肉力量和视觉模拟评分指标的评价,验证特异针刺对急性腰部肌肉损伤的疗效。方法:急性腰部损伤的体育高考生168名随机分为两组,A组特异针刺组,B组推拿组,两组之间进行统计学分析,差异不具有显著性。每日治疗1次,5次为1疗程,疗程前和疗程后各收集一次实验数据并进行统计学分析。结果:特异针刺组84例,其中有效73,好转7例,无效4例,总有效率95%;推拿组84例,其中有效65例,好转14例,无效7例,总有效率92%。研究结果表明特异针刺和推拿疗法在5次治疗后与治疗前对临床症状、肌肉力量和视觉模拟评分尺(Visual analog scale,VAS)三项指标的比较均具有统计学意义,特异针刺与推拿手法比较,除肌肉力量不具有显著性差异以外,其他两项指标差异均具有显著性(特异针刺组优于推拿疗法组)。结论:特异针刺对急性腰部肌肉损伤的疗效较为理想,可以在临床实践中推广应用。     

针刺对急性骨骼肌钝挫伤大鼠肌卫星细胞增殖的影响

目的:观察针刺对急性骨骼肌钝挫伤大鼠卫星细胞增殖的影响。方法:将采用打击装置造成后下肢腓肠肌钝挫伤的大鼠随机分为即刻组、针刺治疗组、自然愈合组。针刺治疗组采用阿是穴针刺疗法,自然愈合组不治疗。结果:针刺治疗组肌卫星细胞核数在大鼠伤后第2天时达高峰,而自然愈合组在伤后第4天达高峰,之后呈下降趋势。在损伤后第1天、第2天、第4天,针刺治疗组大鼠肌卫星细胞核数目均比自然愈合组多,且在损伤后第2天显著高于自然愈合组。结论:大鼠骨骼肌损伤后,针刺能促进肌卫星细胞的增殖并促使活跃期提前出现,促进肌肉再生,加速损伤愈合的进程。     

力竭运动对小鼠骨骼肌氧化应激和DNA损伤的影响

目的:研究力竭运动对小鼠骨骼肌氧化应激和DNA损伤的影响,探讨骨骼肌细胞DNA损伤的氧化损伤机制,进一步揭示运动性疲劳的损伤机理;方法:采用单细胞凝胶电泳对力竭运动小鼠不同恢复期骨骼肌细胞的DNA损伤效应进行测定;结果:小鼠骨骼肌细胞在大强度力竭运动后即刻和24 h的DNA损伤显著高于对照组损伤水平(P＜0.05),其中即刻组的DNA损伤程度最为显著(P＜0.01),而运动后48 h彗星各项指标与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);结论:力竭运动所致的骨骼肌细胞DNA损伤与氧化应激水平有密切的关系,运动性氧应激参与介导了细胞DNA损伤,运动性氧应激是组织细胞DNA损伤的机制之一,适时有效的抗氧化剂补充将有利于防护组织细胞DNA损伤.     

螺旋藻干粉对大鼠骨骼肌运动性损伤的影响研究──Ⅰ.对骨骼肌运动性损伤影响的组织形态学和组织化学研究

采用酶组织化学方法,观察螺旋藻对大鼠骨骼肌运动性损伤的影响,结果显示：①螺旋藻对改善运动性损伤造成的肌肉组织学结构异常,减轻肌纤维的变性坏死,促进运动后期恢复等均有较好的效果;②螺旋藻对运动性损伤引起的有氧代谢酶类活性下降有一定的改善作用,对恢复正常的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型肌纤维结构比例,恢复有氧代谢酶的活性亦有较好的效果;③螺旋藻对运动性损伤造成的线粒体破坏有缓解作用。     

一次离心运动结合针刺对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体动力学蛋白的影响

目的:观察一次离心运动对骨骼肌线粒体动力学相关蛋白的变化,并探究针刺干预对其影响.方法:将SD大鼠分为安静对照、针刺、一次离心运动和运动针刺四大组.运动方式采取下坡跑,坡度-16°,速度16m/min,时间90min;针刺方法小腿三头肌纵向从远端斜刺,进针角度约30°,进针止于小腿三头肌肌腹处,留针2min.各组又按运动后时相点分为0h、6h、12h、24h、48h和72h小组,大鼠在对应时间点取比目鱼肌进行检测.Western Blot法检测针刺干预及一次运动后不同时程后线粒体动力学相关蛋白Mfn2、Drp1的蛋白表达.结果:单纯针刺后Mfn2蛋白表达上调,Drp1在12h出现显著上调.单纯运动组Drp1在0h出现显著降低.与运动组相比较,运动针刺后Mfn2在0h、24h有显著变化.Drp1蛋白表达在0h、12h有显著变化.结论:一次离心运动早期使骨骼肌线粒体出现分裂抑制.针刺可以改善一次离心运动导致的骨骼肌线粒体动力学状态,进而影响线粒体分布与功能.     

离心运动对大鼠骨骼肌结蛋白分布和表达的影响--对骨骼肌损伤机制的研究

方法：48只7周龄雌性SD大鼠进行一次性下坡跑至力竭，取比目鱼肌进行desmin免疫组化染色，然后光镜观察切片，并用图像分析仪对免疫染色切片进行定量分析。结果：1)离心运动后肌纤维局部desmin染色不同程度、不同范围地出现了变淡、模糊、甚至缺失，出现desmin阴性纤维；2)与对照组相比，力竭运动后即刻desmin平均光密度显著降低，在力竭后1天降到最低点，随后desmin平均光密度开始逐渐上升，到第7天，desmin阳性区域的平均光密度均显著高于对照组C。desmin阳性面积百分比和积分光密度结果变化趋势一致，离心运动组desmin阳性面积百分比低于对照组，desmin阳性面积百分最低点出现在运动后第1天。结论：1)desmin细胞骨架破坏是离心运动诱导损伤的形态学标志；2)Desmin免疫组化染色可以作为评估骨骼肌早期损伤的工具。     

螺旋藻对大鼠运动性骨骼肌损伤保护作用的研究

观察螺旋藻对大鼠力竭运动后自由基代谢及肌肉损伤标志酶的影响,发现螺旋藻能使力竭运动后骨骼肌线粒体自由基生成减少,抗氧化酶活性增强;使血清中肌肉损伤标志酶水平降低。显示螺旋藻对运动性骨骼肌损伤有显著的保护作用,是较为理想的运动营养补剂。     

BCAA对诱导损伤的乳鼠骨骼肌细胞的影响

本文研究了BCAA对骨骼肌细胞损伤的保护机制.应用地塞米松诱导培养大鼠骨骼肌细胞造成损伤模型,结果显示BCAA可使骨骼肌细胞内钙离子浓度降低,增加骨骼肌细胞的存活率,对地塞米松诱导损伤的骨骼肌细胞具有保护作用.实验证明BCAA在促进细胞增殖方面的作用可能大于抑制细胞分解作用.     

反复离心运动对大鼠骨骼肌损伤和蛋白质降解机制的影响

目的:探讨连续离心运动训练对骨骼肌中Calpain和Ubiquitin含量的影响及其与骨骼肌损伤之间的关系;方法:雄性SD大鼠29只随机分为对照组、离心训练后即刻组、24 h组和7天组.训练组大鼠连续进行7天的下坡跑运动,分别在末次训练后即刻,24 h和第7天取股四头肌,测定股四头肌的超微结构、血清LDH和CK活性以及骨骼肌中Calpaim-1、Calpain-2和Ubiquitin含量;结果:1)7天离心训练后即刻和24h,股四头肌超微结构的损伤性变化呈渐进性加重,离心训练后24 h组出现明显的肌丝坏死.训练后第7天仍不能完全恢复.血清CK和LDH活性的变化与大鼠股四头肌超微结构的变化相一致.2)与对照组相比,末次训练后即刻骨骼肌中Calpain-1、Calpain-2和Ubiquitin含量均显著升高;训练后24 h,Calpain-1和Calpanin-2含量进一步升高,其中,Calpain-1显著高于对照组和训练后24 h组,Calpain-2虽显著高于对照组,但与训练后即刻组相比无显著性差异;而Ubiquitin含量显著低于训练后即刻组.训练后第7天,Calpain-1和Calpain-2含量显著低于训练后24 h组,但仍然高于对照组;而Ubiquitin含量虽高于训练后24 h组和对照组,但无显著性差异;结论:1)连续的离心运动可能对骨骼肌纤维的损伤产生一定的累加作用;2)短期连续的离心训练后,骨骼肌中Calpain和Ubiquitin的动态变化几乎与骨骼肌超微结构的动态变化相一致.离心运动训练导致骨骼肌中Calpain和Ubiquitin含量的增加,可能是导致骨骼肌累积性损伤的重要机制.     

运动对绝经后骨质疏松或骨量减少女性生活质量的影响

骨质疏松症严重影响着近一半老年女性的生活,主要表现为生活质量和身体机能的下降。研究表明,运动训练对骨的健康很重要。但很少有关于运动对低骨量病人生活质量影响的研究,且运动对生活质量的影响效果也存在争议。通过文献检索,采用PEDro Scale方法,筛选出了4篇文献,并对其中的所有随机对照试验进行元分析,比较运动对患有骨质疏松或者骨量减少的绝经后女性生活质量的影响。结果表明,运动组更能有效地改善身体功能、疼痛、生理机能和活力。联合运动和团体运动项目对于身体功能、疼痛和活力的改善有更好的效果,但是运动时间的长短不同,效果也就不同。     

Interferential therapy effect on mechanical pain threshold and isometric torque after delayed onset muscle soreness induction in human hamstrings

This study was undertaken to examine the acute effect of interferential current on mechanical pain threshold and isometric peak torque after delayed onset muscle soreness induction in human hamstrings. Forty-one physically active healthy male volunteers aged 18-33 years were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: interferential current group (n = 21) or placebo group (n = 20). Both groups performed a bout of 100 isokinetic eccentric maximal voluntary contractions (10 sets of 10 repetitions) at an angular velocity of 1.05 rad · s(-1) (60° · s(-1)) to induce muscle soreness. On the next day, volunteers received either an interferential current or a placebo application. Treatment was applied for 30 minutes (4 kHz frequency; 125 μs pulse duration; 80-150 Hz bursts). Mechanical pain threshold and isometric peak torque were measured at four different time intervals: prior to induction of muscle soreness, immediately following muscle soreness induction, on the next day after muscle soreness induction, and immediately after the interferential current and placebo application. Both groups showed a reduction in isometric torque (P < 0.001) and pain threshold (P < 0.001) after the eccentric exercise. After treatment, only the interferential current group showed a significant increase in pain threshold (P = 0.002) with no changes in isometric torque. The results indicate that interferential current was effective in increasing hamstrings mechanical pain threshold after eccentric exercise, with no effect on isometric peak torque after treatment.     

Interferential therapy effect on mechanical pain threshold and isometric torque after delayed onset muscle soreness induction in human hamstrings

Abstract

This study was undertaken to examine the acute effect of interferential current on mechanical pain threshold and isometric peak torque after delayed onset muscle soreness induction in human hamstrings. Forty-one physically active healthy male volunteers aged 18?33 years were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: interferential current group (n = 21) or placebo group (n = 20). Both groups performed a bout of 100 isokinetic eccentric maximal voluntary contractions (10 sets of 10 repetitions) at an angular velocity of 1.05 rad · s^?1 (60° · s^?1) to induce muscle soreness. On the next day, volunteers received either an interferential current or a placebo application. Treatment was applied for 30 minutes (4 kHz frequency; 125 μs pulse duration; 80?150 Hz bursts). Mechanical pain threshold and isometric peak torque were measured at four different time intervals: prior to induction of muscle soreness, immediately following muscle soreness induction, on the next day after muscle soreness induction, and immediately after the interferential current and placebo application. Both groups showed a reduction in isometric torque (P < 0.001) and pain threshold (P < 0.001) after the eccentric exercise. After treatment, only the interferential current group showed a significant increase in pain threshold (P = 0.002) with no changes in isometric torque. The results indicate that interferential current was effective in increasing hamstrings mechanical pain threshold after eccentric exercise, with no effect on isometric peak torque after treatment.     

穴位艾灸对增进网球队员肌肉力量训练效果的研究

观察艾灸足三里、肾俞穴对网球队员肌肉力量的影响。方法：24名队员按配对设计分为对照组和艾灸组。两组进行相同的体能训练,艾灸组接受艾灸足三里穴和肾俞穴处理。分别于实验前和实验8周后测定两组握力、背力、大腿力、前臂围度、前臂皮褶厚度、大腿围度、大腿皮褶厚度。计算前臂比肌力、大腿比肌力。结果：实验前两组间比较上述各项指标无显著差异（P〉0．05）。实验8周后,艾灸组上述指标除背力外均高于对照组,两组间比较呈显著性差异（P〈0．05）：且实验后艾灸组和对照组的握力、大腿力、前臂比肌力、大腿比肌力均高于实验前（P〈0．05）。结论：体能训练可以提高肌肉力量,同时也说明艾灸足三里、肾俞穴可协同体能训练增强肌肉力量,提高运动能力。     

The effects of acute stretching on hamstring muscle fatigue and perceived exertion

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an acute stretching regime on hamstring muscle fatigue and rating of perceived exertion during a dynamic, sub-maximal bout of resistance exercise. Sixteen healthy males (age 25.7 +/- 4.3 years, height 1.81 +/- 0.06 m, body mass 87.5 +/- 15.1 kg; mean +/- s) and 16 healthy females (age 24.9 +/- 4.5 years, height 1.67 +/- 0.06 m, body mass 62.9 +/- 9.4 kg) volunteered to participate in two experimental sessions. After establishing their one-repetition maximum for the hamstring curl, the participants were assigned at random to one of two groups. Group 1 performed three bouts of 20 s hamstring stretches with the assistance of one of the investigators, while group 2 did not perform the stretches; instead, they sat resting for 3 min. Then, after stretching or resting, the participants performed as many hamstring curls as they could at 60% of their one-repetition maximum established earlier. All participants were assessed for their perceived exertion using a modified Borg category ratio (CR-10) scale. The participants returned within 1 week to complete the experiment. This time group 1 did not perform hamstring stretches, whereas group 2 did. As on the first occasion, all participants performed hamstring curls after stretching or resting. The participants in group 1 were able to perform more curls on the second day of testing than their counterparts in group 2. There were no significant differences between males and females or between the stretch and non-stretch conditions. There was a significantly higher first repetition rating of perceived exertion for the stretch condition (2.88 +/- 1.01) than for the non-stretch condition (2.50 +/- 0.95); there was no significant difference in the median ratings of perceived exertion between the stretch and non-stretch conditions. Significantly higher power function exponents were exhibited in the non-stretch (0.57 +/- 0.16) than in the stretch condition (0.51 +/- 0.12). In addition, females exhibited significantly higher power function exponents than males, irrespective of stretch condition and day (females: 0.59 +/- 0.12; males: 0.49 +/- 0.11). In conclusion, we found a small but statistically significant effect of an acute bout of stretching on ratings of perceived exertion during fatiguing hamstring muscle resistance exercise.     

The effect of low back pain on trunk muscle size/function and hip strength in elite football (soccer) players

ABSTRACT

Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem in football (soccer) players. The effect of LBP on the trunk and hip muscles in this group is unknown. The relationship between LBP and trunk muscle size and function in football players across the preseason was examined. A secondary aim was to assess hip muscle strength. Twenty-five elite soccer players participated in the study, with assessments conducted on 23 players at both the start and end of the preseason. LBP was assessed with questionnaires and ultrasound imaging was used to assess size and function of trunk muscles at the start and end of preseason. Dynamometry was used to assess hip muscle strength at the start of the preseason. At the start of the preseason, 28% of players reported the presence of LBP and this was associated with reduced size of the multifidus, increased contraction of the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles. LBP decreased across the preseason, and size of the multifidus muscle improved over the preseason. Ability to contract the abdominal and multifidus muscles did not alter across the preseason. Asymmetry in hip adductor and abductor muscle strength was found between players with and without LBP. Identifying modifiable factors in players with LBP may allow development of more targeted preseason rehabilitation programmes.     

优秀游泳运动员肩关节疼痛的主要病因分析——冈上肌肌腱炎

优秀游泳运动员中肩部疼痛是常见现象,但其发病机理仍不完全清楚。冈上肌肌腱炎可能是导致肩部疼痛的主要病因,训练的强度和持续时间均能使肌腱增厚,产生撞击综合症,引发肌腱炎,导致疼痛,其发生机制可能与重复性应力刺激激活了蛋白激酶表达,使得细胞凋亡增加,导致肌腱炎和最终的退行性病变。     

Effect of aerobic and strength training on pain tolerance,pain appraisal and mood of unfit males as a function of pain location

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic and strength conditioning on pain tolerance, pain appraisal and mood as a function of upper and lower limb pain location. Unfit males (n=48) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: aerobic training, strength training, combined aerobic and strength training, and a ‘no training’ (control) group. The fitness regimens consisted of exercising at least three times per week for 12 weeks. Pain tolerance and appraisal and mood were ascertained before the treatment (baseline), and after 6 and 12 weeks. Statistical analyses using MANOVA indicated that the presence of aerobic training increased upper limb pain tolerance but was also linked to a more severe pain appraisal compared with the absence of aerobic training. Aerobic work also improved vigour while decreasing fatigue, tension and depression. Strength training had no influence on pain tolerance and positive mood states, but increased depression. Lower limb pain tolerance was unaffected by the treatments.