把握数字机遇跨越数字鸿沟

日前，在北京召开了“数字经济与数字生态 2001年中国高层年会”。会上，信息产业各部门、各行业企业以及相关研究分析机构等组建了跨领域的“数字联盟＂，旨在消除中国与发达国家之间，中国东、中、西部之间，不同行业、企业之间，以及不同社会群体之间在信息技术应用方面的差距，努力填平它们之间的“数字鸿沟＂。在本次年会上，各专家、学者就什么是数字鸿沟、数字鸿沟表现是什么、数字鸿沟对社会生态有什么影响、如何弥补和消除数字鸿沟等等问题发表了各自的见解。这里，我们从中摘取了有代表性的部分发言，以引起大家对“数字鸿沟”的关注。——编者     

从“知识沟”到“数字鸿沟”网络社会的信息差距

本文对网络社会的“数字鸿沟”现象进行了全面的概述，特别分析了中国与世界、中国东西部以及中国城乡之间的“数字鸿沟”现象，以及我国政府为解决这一难题制定的策略与规划。     

手机媒体与数字鸿沟

本文讨论手机媒体与我国数字鸿沟的关系，从中西之间数字鸿沟、我国东西部之间数字鸿沟、我国人群之间数字鸿沟以及我国的“二级数字鸿沟”等四个方面入手，分析指出，从每一个方面来看，手机媒体本身的应用差距较小，并且有可能替代性地弥补我国原有的互联网领域的数字鸿沟。     

手机媒体对个人层面数字鸿沟的影响研究

数字鸿沟的研究是知识沟理论在网络新媒体视角下的延伸。本文从数字鸿沟的"接入沟"和"使用沟"入手,着重分析手机媒体对个人层面数字鸿沟的影响。经过分析得出,目前中国手机媒体的第一道数字鸿沟即"接入沟"已经呈现出不显著的状态,而手机媒体在缩小既有知识沟以及数字鸿沟中可有更大作为。     

亚太五国/地区数字鸿沟及其影响因素分析

数字鸿沟是信息社会存在于不同社会层面的、具有多种表现形式的现象,它不仅存在于国家之内,也存在于不同地区、不同国家之间。本文运用二手资料分析方法,对亚太五国/地区(包括中国内地、中国香港、韩国、日本、中国台湾)的数字鸿沟进行描述,探讨社会因素和个人因素对数字鸿沟的影响。本文还探讨了造成中国内地东西部地区数字鸿沟的内在因素,并结合亚太地区的综合现状,对如何缩小数字鸿沟进行了思考。     

我国"数字鸿沟"问题研究

“数字鸿沟”是社会成员拥有数字信息的差异,它已经成为一个严重的社会问题,引起世界各国政府的重视。本文分析我国的数字鸿沟问题和产生的原因,作者介绍了国外解决数字鸿沟的措施,并提出我国应加快经济的发展,加大对信息产业的投入,普及信息技术,并实施相关的优惠政策和普遍服务原则,缩小和消除“数字鸿沟”。     

高校“数字鸿沟”个案研究及对策探讨

高校“数字鸿沟”主要是指存在于高校校园内不同大学生群体之间的数字鸿沟.本文分析了高校“数字鸿沟”的本质,剖析了其成因,并就如何解决这一问题提出了对策.     

被遮蔽的数字鸿沟：新闻场域中女性记者的数字资本及其转换效果

本研究依托于“场域—资本”理论，探讨数字化时代新闻场域中记者获得数字资本的价值与意义，通过关注记者数字资本的性别差异以及数字资本转化其他三种资本的过程，重新考察新闻场域中性别权力关系，并探讨弥合性别数字鸿沟的有效途径。研究发现，数字资本对文化资本和社会资本有预测效应，记者的数字资本存在性别差异，性别在数字资本对文化资本的预测效应中起显著的调节作用，对男性更有效。同时，新闻场域第二道性别数字鸿沟主要表现在“内容创作、掌握高阶数字技能、使用情况”等方面。在数字资本转化文化资本的过程中可能会引起第三道数字鸿沟，但目前第三道数字鸿沟尚不明显。     

“数字鸿沟”的弥合:互联网实践的技术与社会逻辑

“数字鸿沟”问题引发社会的广泛关注,文章将“数字鸿沟”问题放置于我国具体的互联网实践之中,从人的主体性和技术的社会因素两方面加以认识,以充分理解中国社会背景下“数字鸿沟”问题的现实情境.通过对64名被访者的访谈,笔者发现信息弱势群体试图摆脱社会结构的限制、发挥人的主体性,网络新媒体技术的身体不在场特征、中低端通信市场以及信息化的普及为数字鸿沟的弥合提供了可能性,反映出中国网络社会突破“数字鸿沟”的潜力与独特性.     

中国中部农村“数字鸿沟”研究--以安徽省、湖北省两村庄为例

数字鸿沟（digital divide）,也译为数码沟,借鉴学者祝建华的观点,数字鸿沟的概念为“社会各阶层之间在使用互联网上的差别”。①Attewell将“数字鸿沟”更为具体地划分为“一级鸿沟”和“二级鸿沟”。②通常情况下,我们也将其称为“接入沟”和“使用沟”。一级鸿沟指“电脑或互联网接入上存在的差距”,“二级鸿沟”指个人在互联网使用上存在的差距。     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.     

Communicating With Bank Stakeholders During Recession: Why It's Important,Who Is Doing It,and How to Stay in the Loop

This study explores the attitudes and actions of bank managers toward communication spending during recession. Results of this study indicate that organizational leaders cut communication spending early during recession and also erroneously rely on the bank's financials to mitigate irrational customer withdrawals. This research is used to illustrate the need for public librarians to meet the needs of bank stakeholders when their institution ceases to communicate during crises, for academic librarians to educate students in undergraduate and graduate programs regarding heightened information needs during recession, and for corporate librarians to understand a potential avenue for competitive advantage during recession.