公共数字信息资源的建设与开发利用对策

数字信息资源的开发利用越来越受到世界发达国家的重视。尤其在公共信息资源领域,学术信息资源、科学数据资源、数字文化遗产保护和电子政务建设构成公共信息资源建设的主体。不少外国政府和组织相应制定了庞大的研究计划和政策体系。我国在数字信息资源规划体系和延续性方面、数字信息资源政策和实施方面、项目管理、社会参与开发和国际交流等方面都有着不小差距。参考文献17。     

Drivers and barriers affecting usage of e-Customs — A global survey with customs administrations using multivariate analysis techniques

The adoption of e-Customs platforms to simultaneously ensure regulatory compliance and to facilitate trade is a major strategic issue for governments and customs administrations worldwide. It ensures a more cost-efficient usage of resources while preserving a smooth flow of goods across international borders. Hence, customs administrations are challenged to favor the introduction of IT systems that may enhance the ability to improve information sharing with the business sector, as well as with other governmental agencies. This is often not a straightforward process. As many experts point out, e-Government development projects fail commonly due to the lack of thorough understanding of administration requirements as well as barriers for implementation. Hence, the purpose of this study is to understand what factors enable or hinder the exploitation of e-Customs platforms. By means of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a theoretical framework is developed to identify drivers and barriers for usage of e-Government/e-Customs platforms. Thereby, a survey instrument was developed and data was collected in occasion of a World Customs Organization (WCO) Annual Council meeting, which was joined by around 400 customs delegates and officers from 178 WCO member administrations. A total of 94 questionnaires have been collected and analyzed, which gives an approximate response rate of 23% (46% considering only the 178 member administrations). The analysis of data has been performed by a combination of multivariate techniques and ANOVA. Results show that factors like cost-savings and ease of use significantly influence the usage of e-Customs platforms. On the contrary, cost-efficiency and usefulness of e-Customs platforms have no significant impacts. From the perspective of barriers preventing adoption, this paper identifies two main factors: 1) technical constraints and costs and 2) quality and trust. Both these factors significantly influence adoption of information sharing, in the context of business-customs communication.     

Public and private value in citizen participation in E-governance: Evidence from a government-sponsored green commuting platform

Citizen participation in E-governance is, essentially, a social exchange between individuals and their government through which the citizen creates public value as well as acquires private value. The direct effects of participation antecedents on participation outcomes have been fully examined, but few researchers have investigated the internal mechanism of citizen participation at the level of psychological value perception. The roles of perceived public and private value between the participation antecedents and outcomes remain unclear. Private value merits careful research in particular as the E-governance environment is being shaped by increasing privatization and continuous IT innovation. Based on the cognitive integration theory and the civic voluntarism model, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to examine the mediating roles of two values. We built a complete research model encompassing ten hypotheses centered on citizen e-participation in the context of green commuting governance. By analyzing survey data on a green commuting platform, we demonstrate the significant mediating effects of these two values and greater effect of private value acquisition on continuous e-participation intentions than public value creation. Our results have important research implications in regards to the roles of perceived values in participation, especially perceived private value.     

从制度视角谈公共图书馆社会支持

公共图书馆发展的资源一方面来自政府财政,另一方面来自社会。政府在公共图书馆制度建设方面的重要内容是培育图书馆社会支持组织、促进社会支持图书馆发展的责任。从图书馆制度的视角探讨公共图书馆社会支持的路径、方法与机制,以形成政府和社会对公共图书馆投入与支持的良性循环。     

公共档案馆改革与发展战略:从服务政府到普惠全民

公共档案馆的内涵不是基于《现代汉语词典》中公共性的解释就可以得出,也不是只要建设成为城市标志性的文化建筑就能实现,更不是传统档案馆只要服务向社会开放就可以瞬间建成。公共档案馆的建设是一个长期的过程,需要基于我国档案工作的国情及社会发展环境务实开展。论文阐述了公共档案馆建设应遵循的原则、发展路径及"三步走"发展战略,同时还对相关保障机制进行了探讨。     

戴维森与第三人效果:一种舆论学的视角

本文从舆论研究切入,结合第三人效果提出者戴维森的经历,从哥伦比亚学派、心理战与舆论战经历、舆论研究核心框架等角度探讨了戴维森的舆论研究与第三人效果之间的理论脉络关系。研究的最后一部分从学派影响、学术焦点、学科交叉等角度探讨了第三人效果作为理论创新的一些启示。