用户认知导向的网络信息搜索模型研究述评

网络信息搜索行为与用户的日常生活息息相关,用户认知导向的网络信息搜索是认知观和社会认知理论在网络信息搜索中的应用,是与传统信息检索和用户导向信息检索不同的检索范式。在介绍认知交互模型、信息问题解决模型和使用搜索引擎的网络信息搜索行为模型等用户认知导向的信息搜索模型的基础上,进一步从用户因素、信息环境和社会情境方面分析网络信息搜索过程中的影响因素。     

A unified score propagation model for web spam demotion algorithm

Web spam pages exploit the biases of search engine algorithms to get higher than their deserved rankings in search results by using several types of spamming techniques. Many web spam demotion algorithms have been developed to combat spam via the use of the web link structure, from which the goodness or badness score of each web page is evaluated. Those scores are then used to identify spam pages or punish their rankings in search engine results. However, most of the published spam demotion algorithms differ from their base models by only very limited improvements and still suffer from some common score manipulation methods. The lack of a general framework for this field makes the task of designing high-performance spam demotion algorithms very inefficient. In this paper, we propose a unified score propagation model for web spam demotion algorithms by abstracting the score propagation process of relevant models with a forward score propagation function and a backward score propagation function, each of which can further be expressed as three sub-functions: a splitting function, an accepting function and a combination function. On the basis of the proposed model, we develop two new web spam demotion algorithms named Supervised Forward and Backward score Ranking (SFBR) and Unsupervised Forward and Backward score Ranking (UFBR). Our experiments, conducted on three large-scale public datasets, show that (1) SFBR is very robust and apparently outperforms other algorithms and (2) UFBR can obtain results comparable to some well-known supervised algorithms in the spam demotion task even if the UFBR is unsupervised.     

无人值守参考咨询服务研究

基于咨询经验的网上代理型参考咨询服务系统是不需要咨询员的参与、操纵或干预的系统。系统具有启发式的引导,用户通过与系统的交互可以得到启发和帮助。该系统涉及了参考咨询服务的范式、参考咨询过程模型、信息搜索过程模型、用户精神模型、咨询问题的分类及参考咨询服务的目标层次模型等问题。图3。参考文献9。     

Effective simultaneous hands-on drill for basic electronic database instruction

Academic librarians are always concerned with discovering new, more successful methods of teaching college students the fundamentals of searching electronic databases. A portion of the professional library literature deals with “conceptual instruction” and “mental models” in great detail. The reality is often that the librarian's role is limited to a perfunctory orientation session that may last no longer than one hour. This article, which concerns “procedural instruction,” gives reasons for emphasizing this practical method. It also renders an example of a model instructional search session.     

生物医学文献检索方法与问答系统

如何有效的进行生物医学文献检索和信息挖掘,是计算机技术和生物信息技术研究领域中的一个经典课题。本文对生物医学文献中自然语言问题文档,片段,概念和RDF三元组,构建了高效的检索和问答系统。特别的,在文档检索中,我们搭建了基于顺序依赖模型,词向量,和伪相关反馈相结合的通用检索模型;同时,前k个文档被分离为句子和片段,并以此建立检索索引,并基于文档检索模型,完成片段检索;在概念挖掘中,提取生物医学的概念,列出相关的概念属于网络服务的五个数据库链接,通过得分排名得到最终的概念。在CLEF BioASQ几年的评测数据上,我们构造的检索系统都取得了不错的性能。     

探索式搜索行为的日志挖掘研究

为了探讨探索式搜索行为的特点,设计用户实验,依据搜索能力和学历对受试者分组,设定1个提问-应答式搜索任务和2个不同复杂度的探索式搜索任务。利用屏幕录像和浏览器日志,主要从搜索动作、网页浏览、检索式等角度,挖掘不同搜索能力的受试者在不同复杂程度搜索任务中的搜索行为特点。结果表明,在探索式搜索过程中,受试者围绕中心主题搜索,同时探索其相关方面;随着搜索任务复杂度的增加,受试者搜索行为更加深入和开放;受试者搜索能力越强,其搜索效率越高、探索范围更广、程度更深。     

Differences between web sessions according to the origin of their visits

The aim of this paper is to characterize the distribution of number of hits and spent time by web session. It also expects to find if there are significant differences between the length and the duration of a session with regard to the point of access–search engine, link or root. Web usage mining was used to analyse 17,174 web sessions that were identified from the webometrics.info web site. Results show that both distribution of length and duration follow an exponential decay. Significant differences between the different origins of the visits were also found, being the search engines’ users those who spent most time and did more clicks in their sessions. We conclude that a good SEO policy would be justified, because search engines are the principal intermediaries to this web site.     

学习团队协作信息搜索的共享心智模型研究

[目的/意义] 对协作信息搜索进行深入研究，为专业化协作信息搜索系统平台建设优化等提供启发和借鉴。[方法/过程] 聚焦于学习团队的信息搜索行为，以高校学生为研究样本，以共享心智模型为切入点，采用扎根理论研究方法，探讨协作信息搜索中团队共享心智模型建构过程。[结果/结论] 识别出四大核心环节——个体感知与探索、团队任务解析、团队信息收集和团队信息整合，并理清各环节的认知活动与共享心智模型内容要素。     

高校学生用户探索式搜索的元认知表现研究

[目的/意义]针对复杂多面的探索式搜索情境下高校学生用户的搜索元认知测评问题,设计一个可行有效的测评问卷。通过设定4类不同的探索式搜索情境,对被试在各规定情境下的元认知表现进行多维度分析与评价。[方法/过程]运用元认知理论设计"探索式搜索元认知测评问卷",在预试环节对该问卷进行信效度检验。在正式测评环节,通过开展搜索测验的方式组织60名高校学生被试进行探索式任务搜索和问卷调查,使用"Camtasia Studio"录制被试的搜索画面,并进行事后访谈。综合问卷调查数据、搜索行为视频与访谈内容,分析在4种不同探索式搜索情境下被试对"搜索任务与个体认知"的认知、对"搜索过程监控"的认知、对"搜索过程与评估反思"的认知情况。[结果/结论]该问卷具有良好的内部一致性信度和结构效度,可作为测评高校学生用户探索式搜索元认知水平（或表现）的有效工具。根据维度数据分析结果,高校学生用户对于决策型问题（评估决策搜索）和研究型问题（知识获取搜索）的个体能力认知、任务理解能力、搜索障碍监控等能力相对匮乏,针对该分析结果从高校信息素养教育、搜商能力的培养和网络搜索系统人机交互功能设计三个方面,提出改善高校学生用户探索式搜索能力的思考和建议。     

受控词表中多维坐标系统构建——以公共数字文化资源整合为例

[目的/意义]以公共图书馆、博物馆、美术馆和群众艺术馆数字资源整合为例,探讨通过赋予受控词汇"身份",提高资源检索的效率的方法。[方法/过程]定义多维坐标系统空间面、主题坐标轴和坐标点;通过为词汇概念赋予标识符,建立概念与词汇的关联,按一定规则为词汇赋予"身份",以概念优选机制、关联数据技术与索引表构建作为其辅助。此外,通过解析用户检索词语义,构建语义标识符,并对概念标识符进行拆分、组合,利用测算标识符点距的方法建立语义标识符与概念标识符之间的映射关系,实现检索维度优选。[结果/结论]多维坐标系统的坐标关系模型以"面-线-点"的坐标关系处理层次为基础,以"概念定位-词汇定位-资源定位"的检索层次为依据,并结合优选、关联与索引,拆分、组合与点距等相关实现机制,通过量化方法来处理词汇关系,能够提高机器对词汇的理解。     

社会网络环境下用户参与图书馆数字资源建设的需求调查-以部分沿海高校为例

以问卷方式,在部分沿海高校调查图书馆用户、专家、馆员对社会网络环境下用户参与的图书馆数字资源建设的认知、需求状况,从不同角度了解用户参与图书馆数字资源建设的需求和应用问题。据此提出:转变观念,增进用户和馆员的有关知识技能;根据用户需求和本馆情况,选用适合的社会网络模式;发挥图书馆在用户参与的数字资源建设中的引导作用;以需求为导向,逐步建设高质量、特色化、多元化的数字资源体系。     

基于浏览器日志分析的探索式搜索行为研究

为探讨网络用户探索式搜索行为的特点,设定一个提问-应答式搜索任务和两个复杂程度不同的探索式搜索任务,并根据受试者的检索能力分组,在实验环境下,记录受试者的浏览日志。日志分析结果表明,任务类型与搜索能力均对探索式搜索行为产生不同程度的影响。与提问-应答式搜索相比,探索式搜索需要的信息量大,受试者受自身知识背景影响程度高,且任务难度越大,探索结果越多、越分散;检索能力的强弱对受试者探索式搜索行为的影响较小。     

Improving older adults' e-health literacy through computer training using NIH online resources

A computer-based health literacy intervention for older adults was developed and assessed from September 2007 to June 2009. A total of 218 adults between the ages of 60–89 participated in the study at two public libraries. The four week-long curricula covered two National Institutes of Health (NIH) websites: NIHSeniorHealth.gov and MedlinePlus.gov. Computer and Web knowledge significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention (p < .01 in both cases). Computer attitudes significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention: Anxiety significantly decreased while interest and efficacy both increased (p < .001 in all three cases). Most participants found both sites easy to use and were able to find needed information on both. Information found on NIHSeniorHealth was significantly more useful than that on MedlinePlus (p < .05). Most participants (78%) reported that what they learned had affected their participation in their own health care. Participants had positive feedback on the intervention. These findings support the effectiveness and popularity of the intervention. By tapping into the well-established public library and NIH infrastructure, this intervention has great potential for scaling-up, and significant social and economic implications for a diverse range of communities and individuals.     

基于Fish算法的实时搜索系统的实现

介绍了著名的实时搜索算法Fish算法，并对该算法进行了改进，实现了一个实时搜索系统。新的系统能够帮助用户有效、准确的获得所需信息，滤除大量与自己需求无关的信息，从而在网上信息量爆炸性增长的时代，满足用户不断增长的对信息个性化的需求。     

The role of domain knowledge in cognitive modeling of information search

Computational cognitive models developed so far do not incorporate individual differences in domain knowledge in predicting user clicks on search result pages. We address this problem using a cognitive model of information search which enables us to use two semantic spaces having a low (non-expert semantic space) and a high (expert semantic space) amount of medical and health related information to represent respectively low and high knowledge of users in this domain. We also investigated two different processes along which one can gain a larger amount of knowledge in a domain: an evolutionary and a common core process. Simulations of model click behavior on difficult information search tasks and subsequent matching with actual behavioral data from users (divided into low and high domain knowledge groups based on a domain knowledge test) were conducted. Results showed that the efficacy of modeling for high domain knowledge participants (in terms of the number of matches between the model predictions and the actual user clicks on search result pages) was higher with the expert semantic space compared to the non-expert semantic space while for low domain knowledge participants it was the other way around. When the process of knowledge acquisition was taken into account, the effect of using a semantic space based on high domain knowledge was significant only for high domain knowledge participants, irrespective of the knowledge acquisition process. The implications of these outcomes for support tools that can be built based on these models are discussed.     

面向用户认知需求的图书馆用户画像研究

借鉴用户认知需求的研究现状以及用户画像在图书馆的应用实践,提出面向用户认知需求的图书馆用户画像系统模型,在标签体系中选取用户基本属性数据、动态行为属性数据、互动属性数据、偏好属性数据,借助文本处理、深度学习等技术以及社区发现、标签传播等监督技术对数据分别处理和预测,并提出基于用户认知的需求预测、个性化体现、社区发现、决策调整4大分析应用,对于构建、完善用户画像认知体系有较大的促进作用。     

国外图书馆领域心智模型研究述评

[目的/意义] 对国外图书馆领域心智模型研究文献进行调查和分析,拟为我国图书馆领域心智模型研究提供参考。[方法/过程] 以读秀知识库和国道外文专题数据库收录的文献为基础,综述图书馆领域心智模型研究文献的研究方法、研究内容和心智模型测量方法。[结果/结论] 从图书馆员、用户和团队3个层面阐述图书馆领域心智模型研究文献关注的主要问题,分析心智模型测量方法和研究内容中存在的不足及图书馆领域心智模型研究发展趋势,建议国内研究从4个方面展开：拓宽研究内容,关注新背景下的新课题;扩展研究视野,增强图书馆员层面和团队层面的研究;探索新的心智模型测量方法,开展实证研究;重视图书馆员层面和用户层面之间的比较研究。     

基于日志挖掘的学术搜索困难度量方法研究

[目的/意义] 用户检索中经常面临不同程度的信息搜寻困难,为更好地理解用户需求、改进检索系统,需要一种简洁有效的方法度量信息搜寻的困难程度。[方法/过程] 将用户为查询而付出的行为及时间代价作为其信息搜寻困难的体现。按照用户在会话中的行为模式划分会话类型,将查询需求被满足且代价最小的会话类型作为比较基准,用基准会话的代价衡量其他会话类型的困难程度。为优化代价的表达模型,对搜寻代价的行为指标进行相关性检验,用因子分析选择独立性、区分度好的行为特征进行建模。以国家科技图书文献中心（NSTL）日志和搜狗日志为数据集比较学术搜索与通用搜索环境,以及不同会话类型所代表的探索过程中,用户的信息搜寻困难度。[结果/结论] 在本文所度量的两种搜索系统中,用户面临的信息搜寻困难度分别为2.30和1.57,学术搜索中的困难高于通用搜索。在两种体现学术探索过程的会话中,困难度分别为2.35和4.13。本文提出的方法可以用简单的数值来概括具有多种影响因素的搜索困难,并能用于不同类型会话和搜索环境,丰富了检索系统的评估手段。     

Web2．0时代图书馆文献采访服务

以Web2．0的理念为指导．对图书馆文献采访支持系统进行了分析。将RSS技术应用于文献采访工作中。目的在于充分挖掘和变革图书馆OPAC系统的功能。在文献采访工作中逐步体现Web2．0的资源“开放、共建、共事、互动”等理念。     

基于Web服务组合的数字图书馆个性化动态定制服务构建

Web服务组合是一种利用现有Web服务动态构建新的能满足用户需求的复杂Web服务的Web服务技术。将数字图书馆各种资源组件、应用组件、功能组件和管理组件进行Web服务描述,人们就能利用Web服务组合技术根据用户的个性化需求实现对不同数字图书馆各种组件的动态集成,从而实现开放环境下数字图书馆的个性化动态定制服务。本文讨论了基于Web服务组合的数字图书馆个性化动态定制服务的基本系统架构、构建模型,并对构建过程中需要注意的几个问题展开了讨论。