Influencing Attitudes Toward the Handicapped:

No abstract available for this article.     

Attitudes of Elementary Classroom Teachers Toward Mainstreaming

The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes toward mainstreaming issues of elementary classroom teachers undertaking an introductory course in special education. Subjects were also queried about how they felt P.L. 94‐142 was perceived by other interested groups and indicated their estimates of the manageability of students with special needs within the regular classroom. Findings support the need for comprehensive in‐service training programs designed to modify attitudes of regular teachers.     

The Attitudes of Israeli Adolescents Toward Handicapped People

The attitudes of adolescents toward handicapped people were investigated with the long‐term goal of maximizing the effective mainstreaming of handicapped teeangers. Analysis of the attitudes of 262 Israeli high school students showed a generalized accepting tendency. Significant differences emerged, not with regard to the type of handicap as had been expected, but for three content areas defined as limitations of the handicapped, feelings of reservation and shame, and the rights of the handicapped. There were significant differences between the sexes in general acceptance and in two of these content areas. Implications of the results in terms of intervention programming are discussed.     

Counselor Attitudes Toward Administrative Practices: Massachusetts and Connecticut

Administrative practices and their relationship to counselor role conflict, as perceived by school counselors, was investigated by survey questionnaire in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Results indicated that counselors feel that role clarification would ensue if guidance pupil personnel services directors had administrative jurisdiction of programs and that the main deterrent is traditional autonomy of the building principal. At the secondary level, principals tend to have supervisory and administrative control, while at the elementary level the reverse trend appears to be true.     

培智学校教师对残疾儿童随班就读的态度研究

本研究对培智学校教师随班就读的态度调查结果进行了分析.结果表明,从总体上讲,教师对残疾儿童随班就读的态度是积极的,但存在一定程度的不够理解或偏见,甚至有拒绝、隔离的倾向.不同的年龄阶段存在着差异性,总体上而言,40岁以下的年龄组,更倾向于支持随班就读.不同职称的教师态度在个别分测验的结果上也存在差异.学历、性别、参加培训与否与他们的态度关系不大.     

Attitudes Toward Teaching Prevention and Developmental Issues Among Turkish Counselor Educators

The goal of this study was to determine existing attitudes of Turkish counselor educators regarding the need to emphasize prevention and developmental issues in counselor education programs and to propose ways of incorporating these functions into the counseling area as necessary. Data were collected via questionnaire from 104 counselor educators who have been working at Turkish universities. Of the 50 professors, 23 instructors and 31 research assistants who responded, 36 had prior school counselor experience and 68 had not. The counselor educators reported they had given less attention to prevention and developmental issues in their courses than other issues, but indicated positive attitudes towards teaching preventive and developmental issues.     

The Efficacy of Two Training Approaches on Attitudes of Prospective Teachers Toward Mainstreaming

Favourable attitudes of regular teachers are crucial for the successful integration of handicapped learners; the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two training models on the attitudes of prospective regular education teachers toward mainstreaming. Three groups were compared: a) 14 pre‐service teachers provided with both information about and experience with the handicapped; b) 115 provided with information only; and c) a control group of 124. Two instruments were adminstered as pre‐ and post‐treatment measures. ANCOVA revealed significant differences between groups on total post‐test scores of both scales, and on factor scores. Post hoc t‐tests indicated that scores of the two treatment groups were significantly different from those of the control group but did not differ significantly from each other. Variables related to the improvement of teacher attitudes and the question of their maintenance over time are discussed.     

College Counselor Attitudes Toward Spiritual and Religious Issues and Practices in Counseling

In this study, 86 mental health professionals employed in university counseling centers in the United States were surveyed on their attitudes toward discussing religious and spiritual topics and toward using religious and spiritual practices in counseling. These participants viewed the use and discussion of spiritual topics/practices more favorably than the use and discussion of religious topics/practices. Differences in attitudes toward specific topics and practices are reported, as are implications for practice.     

An Investigation of Counselor Educators' Attitudes Toward Evidence‐Based Practices

Evidence‐based practices (EBPs) receive little attention in counselor education curricula despite the ethical obligation for counselor educators to teach EBPs to counseling students. This study investigates counselor educators’ attitudes toward EBPs along with perceived barriers to the inclusion of EBPs in counselor education curricula.     

Counselor Trainees' Dependence on Clients: Issues and Implications

Counselor dependency on clients has received little attention compared with the topic of clients' dependency on counselors. This article suggests that many counselors, particularly beginning counselor trainees, may rely on their clients to meet some of their professional and personal needs. Several potential sources of trainee dependence are identified. Methods for recognizing manifestations of counselor dependence are discussed, as are strategies to help trainees become aware of, and minimize their dependency needs. Implications for research are also noted.     

Counselor Trainees' Experiences Counseling Disability: A Phenomenological Study

Transcendental phenomenology was used in this study to examine the lived experiences of counseling interns (N = 10) receiving multicultural training to assist clients with disabilities. Five essential themes were identified. Drawing on their findings, the authors recommend programmatic and curricular changes, including the infusion of personal narratives and service learning, to the multicultural training of counselors.     

Relationships Between Dimensions of Supervisors' Influence and Counselor Trainees' Performance

Practicum supervisors' expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness were related to supervision outcome measures. Trustworthiness proved to have the strongest associations.     

Counselor Trainees' Perceptions of Clients Based on Client Sexual Orientation

In this analog study, the authors examined how client sexual orientation, counselor trainee homophobia, and counselor trainee gender affected counselor trainees' (N = 162) assignment of positive and negative adjectives to clients. A series of multiple regression analyses revealed that client sexual orientation, counselor trainee gender, and counselor trainee homophobia significantly predicted counselor trainees' perceptions of clients. Implications for counselor training and research are discussed.     

Toward Performance-Based Counselor Certification

For the past four years the Georgia Department of Education has been involved in a statewide effort to establish standards and procedures for certification of educational personnel based on competency demonstration. As part of this effort, a project was commissioned to develop a performance-based system for the certification of school counselors. This article presents the premises, procedures, and products of the model which was developed.     

Guidance of Handicapped Students: Counselor In-service Needs

A survey of Florida school counselors' need for inservice training in handicapped student education indicates that, although counselors spend a significant portion of their work time with guidance activities for handicapped students, they have received inadequate preparation, in both preservice and in-service training.     

Attitudes of Parents and Teachers toward Mainstreaming

A questionnaire measuring attitudes toward mainstreaming was completed by teachers and parents at two primary schools, one of which had initiated a mainstreaming program in Year 1 classes. Results indicated that attitudes of parents and teachers at this school were more negative than those of their counterparts at the school with no mainstreaming program. Despite this apparent relationship between contact with disabled children and a negative attitude towards mainstreaming, a significant association was found between amount of experience with disabled children and a positive attitude towards mainstreaming. Among explanations proposed for these discrepant findings is the suggestion that attitudes expressed prior to experience with mainstreaming may not be an accurate guide to views held after its implementation.     

Privileged Identity Exploration: Examining Counselor Trainees' Reactions to Difficult Dialogues

In this qualitative study, the authors examined master's‐level counselor trainees' reactions to difficult dialogues in the classroom regarding racism, heterosexism/homophobia, and ableism over a 3‐year period. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research method as introduced by C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, and E. N. Williams (1997), the data analysis team analyzed narrative and reaction papers submitted during a didactic course on multiculturalism. Behavioral reactions were identified that form the basis for this study: denial, deflection, rationalization, intellectualization, principium, false envy, minimization, and benevolence.     

Toward a Reconstructed View of Counselor Supervision

The author proposes that the articles highlighted in the first part of this special series provide a healthy representation of the types of work that need to occur in any field moving toward reconstructed views of theory, research, and practice. The field of counselor supervision is in a recursive process of knowledge development. That is, the field is simultaneously active in several phases of knowledge advancement including theory-exploration, theory-testing, theory-enhancement, and theory-transformation. This development will assist counselor supervisors to synthesize multiple perspectives and options so that they can better meet the challenges of an increasingly pluralistic society.