“Fleeting pockets of anarchy”: Streetwork. The exploding school

Colin Ward (1924–2010) was an anarchist and educator who, together with Anthony Fyson, was employed as education officer for the Town and Country Planning Association in the UK during the 1970s. He is best known for his two books about childhood, The Child in the City (1978) and The Child in the Country (1988). The book he co-authored with Fyson, Streetwork. The Exploding School (1973), is discussed in this article as illustrating in practical and theoretical terms Ward’s appreciation of the school as a potential site for extraordinary radical change in relations between pupils and teachers and schools and their localities. The article explores the book alongside the Bulletin of Environmental Education, which Ward edited throughout the 1970s. It argues that the literary and visual images employed in the book and the bulletins contributed to the powerful positive representation of the school as a site of potential radical social change. Finally, it suggests that “fleeting pockets of anarchy” continue to exist in the lives of children through social networking and virtual environments that continue to offer pedagogical possibilities for the imaginative pedagogue.     

Assessment as an episode of learning

This article is an excerpt of a research report by the same title. An earlier version of the report will appear as a chapter in R. Bennett and W. Ward (eds.), Construction Versus Choice in Cognitive Measurement, to be published by Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.     

Developing Typically in the College Years

A development progression is outlined which dovetails with and expands the life-span theory of Erik H. Erikson and the type conceptions of W. Harold Grant into six stages, the span in years of each of which is roughly divisible by seven: Early Childhood (Birth to Seven), which includes Erikson's Trust v. Mistrust, Autonomy v. Shame/Doubt, and Initiative v. Guilt, and in which the child established Extraversion or Introversion; Late Childhood (Seven to Fourteen), Erikson's Industry v. Inferiority and the establishment of the Dominant function; Adolescent (Fourteen to Twenty-One), including Erikson's Identify v. Role Confusion and the raising into consciousness of the Auxillary function; Young Adulthood (Twenty-one to Thirty-Five), Intimacy v. Isolation, and the practice of the Tertiary; Mid-Life (Thirty-Five to Forty-Nine) Generativity v. Stagnation, and the bringing under some control of the usually unconscious Inferior; and finally, Mature Adulthood (Forty-Nine to Seveny) Erikson's Integrity v. Despair in which the conscious and differential use of all functions allows approaching the ideal of individuation.     

Use of the MSJCC: A content analysis of ACA journals

Using quantitative content analysis, we examined the prevalence and use of the Multicultural Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC) in 21 ACA journals between June 2015 and July 2021. We found that only 7.62% of the articles (n = 2860) referenced the MSJCC. Implications for counselor educators are discussed.     

Synopsis of ACES Executive Council Meeting Minutes

ACES and Regional Officers in attendance: Stephen Feit, ACES President; Donna Henderson, ACES President‐Elect and ACA Governing Council Representative; Harriet Glosoff, ACES Secretary; David Zimpfer, Treasurer; Kimberly Vess, NCACES President; Judith Durham, NARACES President‐Elect; Victoria Foster, SACES President‐Elect; Patricia Kerstner, WACES President‐Elect     

Vicarious Traumatization,Trauma‐Sensitive Supervision,and Counselor Preparation

Counselor educators have an ethical responsibility to prepare counselors and supervisors to detect and resolve vicarious traumatization in themselves and their supervisees. This article reviews relevant literature on vicarious traumatization and strategies to mitigate it. Also included is a review of the American Counseling Association's (2005) ACA Code of Ethics and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs' (2007) proposed 2009 standards as each relates to trauma counseling and vicarious traumatization. Specific counselor preparation practices are suggested.     

Consensual Faculty—Student Sexual Relationships in Counselor Education: Recommendations for Counselor Educators' Decision Making

The authors explore the issue of consensual sexual relationships between counselor educators and students. The American Counseling Association's (2005) ACA Code of Ethics is consulted, and the complex issues associated with these relationships are discussed. A case example is provided that generates suggestions to guide counselor educators' decision making related to consensual sexual relationships with students.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: UPWARD, c. (1992) Cut Spelling: a handbook to the simplification of written English by omission of redundant letters. CHALL, J., JACOBS, v. and BALDWIN, L. (1990) The Reading Crisis: Why Poor Children Fall Behind. LITTLEFAIR, A. (1990) Reading All Types of Writing. ROBECK, M.C. and WALLACE, R.R. (1990) The Psychology of Reading: An Interdisciplinary Approach. BALOTA, D.A., FLORES D'ARCAIS, G.B., and RAYNER, K. (eds) (1990) Comprehension Processes in Reading. SMITH, J., and ALCOCK, A. (1990) Revisiting Literacy: Helping Readers and Writers. CAIRNEY, T.H. (1990) Teaching Reading Comprehension.     

Some problems of rebuttal; an appraisal

Writers and Their Critics: A Study of Misunderstanding. By Henri Peyre. Ithaca, New York; The Cornell University Press, 1944; pp. xii + 340. $3.00.

A Short View of Elizabethan Drama. By Thomas Marc Parrott and Robert Hamilton Ball. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1943; pp. viii + 312. $2.00.

The Communication Arts. Sponsored by the National Policy Committee for the High‐School Victory Corps. Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. 1943: pp. 75. $.25.

Speak Up! A New Approach to Communication. Revised Edition. By Bess Sondel. Chicago: The University of Chicago Bookstore, 1944; pp. vi + 70. $1.02.

Little Black Sambo. By Agnes Curren Hamm. Milwaukee: The Tower Press, 1944; pp. 12. $.50.

Approach to Social Studies through Choral Speaking. By Dorothy Harvel and May Williams Ward. Boston: Expression Company, 1945; pp. 184. $2.25.

Competitive Debate: Rules and Strategy. By George McCoy Musgrave. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1945; pp. 147. $1.25.

Influence of Certain Personal Factors on a Speech Judgment. By Bernard Carp. New Rochelle, New York: The Little Print Company, 1945; pp. 122. $1.75.

The Quest for Preaching Power. By John Nicholls Booth. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1943; pp. 229. $2.00.

The Creative Delivery of Sermons. By Robert White Kirkpatrick. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1944; pp. xxii + 235. $2.50.

Essentials of Parliamentary Procedure. By Zoe Steen Moore and John B. Moore. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1944; pp. x + 221. $2.50.     

The new books on our shelf

An Art Outline for Grade Teachers. Compiled by American Art Aid (Stanford University, California). Pp. 34. Free.

The Third Great Plague. By John H. Stokes (University of Minnesota). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1920. Pp. 204.

Introduction to Rural Economies. By Paul L. Vogt. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1925. Pp. xii + 377.

The Smedley and Olsen First Reader. By Eva A. Smedley and Martha G. Olsen. Chicago: Hall and McCreary Co., 1925. Pp. 192. Price, $0.64.

A Study of Child‐Accounting Records. By Arch O. Heck. Ohio State University Studies; Bureau of Educational Research Monographs, No. 2. Columbus, Ohio, 1925. Pp. xvi + 245. Price, $1.50.

An Introduction to the Study of Education. By Ellwood P. Cubberley (Stanford University). Cambridge, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1925. Pp. xix + 476.

Burton Holmes Travel Stories of Japan, Korea, and Formosa. By Eunice Tietjens. Edited by William H. Wheeler and Burton Holmes. Chicago: Wheeler Publishing Co., 1925. Pp. xi + 404. Price, $1.28. Manual free.

Burton Holmes Travel Stories of Egypt and the Suez Canal. By Susan Wilbur. Edited by William H. Wheeler and Burton Holmes. Chicago: Wheeler Publishing Co., 1925. Pp. vi + 404. Price, $1.28. Manual free.

Physiography. By Douglas C. Ridgley (Clark University) and Mabel P. Crompton (Illinois State Normal University). Normal, Ill.: McKnight & McKnight, 1925. Pp. 96.

The Branom Practice Tests in Geography. By Mendel E. Branom (Harris Teachers College, St. Louis). New York: The Macmillan Co., 1925. Pp. 225.

Graded Outlines in Hygiene. By Walter F. Cobb. Yonkers: World Book Co., 1923. Pp. viii + 214.

The Climates of the United States. By Robert De Couecy Ward (Harvard University). Boston: Ginn & Co., 1925. Pp. xvi + 518. Price, $4.     

Southern agency and digital education: an ethnography of open online learning in Dili,Timor-Leste

ABSTRACT

This ethnography, based on fieldwork in Dili, Timor-Leste between 2015 and 2017, adopts an orthodox sociological theorising of agency to investigate the ways in which people in Dili negotiate the numerous interacting structural barriers to digital education. Having identified a lack of attention to learner agency in the literature on the promotion and adoption of MOOCs and OER in the Global South (King, Pegrum, and Forsey [2018]. ‘MOOCs and OER in the Global South: Problems and Potential’. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 19 (5): 2–20. doi:10.19173/irrodl.v19i5.3742), the paper addresses Connell’s [(2008). Southern Theory: The Global Dynamics of Knowledge in Social Science. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin] influential criticism of the imbalances in global knowledge production, and explores the parallels in technologically enhanced learning. A new concept- Southern agency- is developed through the stories of three Timorese students and their engagement with digital education, focussing on the influences of local infrastructure, family, literacies and the colonial legacy. The paper highlights the need for more extensive research into local practices of learning with technologies and advocates Southern agency as a heuristic device to gain valuable insights into the lived experience of Southern learners.     

The new books on our shelves

A New Study of English Words. By Jessie Macmillan Anderson. Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1929. Pp. 116.

Borrowing Money for the Public Schools. By Henry Rowland Halsëy. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, 1929. Pp. viii + 127.

Oral English and Debate. By Lyman M. Fort. New York: Henry Holt and Co, 1929. Pp. v + 314.

The Training of the Will. By Johann Lindworsky, S. J. (Tr. by A. Steiner and E. A. Fitzpatrick.) Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Company, 1929. Pp. 226.

Public School Administration. Revised and Enlarged Edition. By Ellwood P. Cubberley. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Company, 1929. Pp. xxii + 710.

The Business Administration of a School System. By Ward G. Reeder. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1929. PP. x + 454.

Business Administration of Public Schools. By Harry P. Smith. Yonkers: World Book Company, 1929. Pp. xv + 432.

City School Surveys, an interpretation and appraisal. By Hollis Leland Caswell. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1929. Pp. vi + 130. Teachers College Contribution to Education No. 358.

Programs for Special Occasions. For Primary Grades. By Marion Kennedy and Katherine Isabel Bemis. New York : A. S. Barnes and Company, 1929. Pp. 104. Price, $1.50.

Certain Phases of County Educational Organization. By Edmund Lewis Tink. New York : Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, 1929. Pp. 104.

Personnel Study of Directors of Physical Education for Men in Colleges and Universities. By Harry Scott. New York: Teachers College, Columbus University, 1829. Pp 90. (Contributions to educ. No. 339)

State Banks and the Federal Reserve System. By Charles S. Tippetts. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1929. Pp. viii + 393.

Mental Deficiency. (Fifth Edition) By A. F. Tredgold. New York: William Wood and Company, 1929. Pp. xvi + 535.

Problem Exercises for High School Teachers. By Douglas Waples. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1928. Pp. ix + 99.

Problems in American Life. By Joseph I. Arnold. Evanston : Row, Peterson & Company, 1928. Pp. 656.

An Athletic Program for High School and College Women. By Marjorie Hillas and Marion Knighton. New York: A. S. Barnes and Company, 1929. Pp. 102.

History of the United States. (Revised Edition). By Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1929. Pp. xiv + 680 + xxxvii.

Professional Tests of Measures of Teaching Efficiency in High School. By Charles W. Boardman. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1928. Pp. 85 (Contributions to educ., No. 327).

Administrative Procedures in Curriculum Making for Public Schools. By Walter D. Cocking. New York : Teachers College, Columbia University, 1928. Pp. vi + 120. (Contributions to educ., No. 329)

A Primer of Blue‐Print Reading. By Thomas Diamond. Milwaukee : Bruce Publishing Co., 1927. Pp. 70.

School Finance and Business Management Problems. By Nickolous L. Engelhardt and Carter Alexander, New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1928. Pp. xv + 526.

Readings in American Citizenship. Compiled by John T. Greekah. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1928. Pp. xvi + 436.

The Use and Interpretation of Educational Tests. By Harry A. Greene and Albert N. Jorgensen. New York : Longmans, Green and Co., 1929. Pp. xxii + 389. (Longman's educ. ser.)

Consumers Uses of Arithmetic. By Alerdeen O. Bowden. New York : Teachers College, Columbia University, 1929. Pp. vi + 69. (Contributions to educ. No. 340).

Human Behavior. By Stephen S. Colvin and William C. Bagley, (2nd. Rev.) New York: The Macmillan Company, 1929. Pp. xi + 334.

The Psychology of Elementary School Subjects. By Sydney C. Garrison and Karl C. Garrison. Richmond, Va. : Johnson Pub. Co., 1929. Pp. xx + 569. (Johnson edu. series.)

The Alchemy of Light and Color. By Oliver L. Reiser. New York : W. W. Norton and Company, 1928. Pp. 78. (New Science ser.)

The Effect of Familiarity with the Examiner upon Stanford‐Binet Test Performance. By Edith Marine. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1929. Pp. 42. (Contributions to educ. No. 381.)     

The new books on our shelves

Safeguarding the School Board's Purchase of Architects' Working Drawings. By Arthur Marcus Proctor. New York: Columbia University, 1931. Pp. iii + 138.

The Platoon School in America. By Roscoe David Case. Stanford University: Stanford University Press, 1931. Pp. vii + 283.

Business Management in School Systems of Different Sizes. By M. B. Brunstetter. New York: Columbia University, 1931. Pp. v + 135.

Vegetable Growing. By James Edward Knott. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1930. Pp. xvi + 352.

Educational Finance Studies. By Carter Alexander. New York: Bureau of Publications, Columbia University, 1931. Pp. vi + 92.

Reserve Funds in Public School Finance. By Frank C. Ketler. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, 1931. Pp. vii + 77.

Students' Guide to Modern Languages. By Wilson. New York: Isaac Pitman and Sons, 1930.

Air Travel. By James E. Mooney. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1930. Pp. xvi + 311.

The Art of Learning. By Walter B. Pitkin. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Company, 1931. Pp. v + 409.

A Study of the Ohio Compulsory Education and Child Labor Law. By Arch O. Heck. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1931. Pp. v + 210.

My Educational Guidebook. By Robert H. Rodgers and Harry S. Belman. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1930. Pp. 24.     

Using Total Sample Size Weights in Meta-Analysis of Log-Odds Ratios

The log-odds ratio (ln[OR]) is commonly used to quantify treatments' effects on dichotomous outcomes and then pooled across studies using inverse-variance (1/v) weights. Calculation of the ln[OR]'s variance requires four cell frequencies for two groups crossed with values for dichotomous outcomes. While primary studies report the total sample size (n..), many do not report all four frequencies. Using real data, we demonstrated pooling of ln[OR]s using n.. versus 1/v weights. In a simulation study we compared two weighting approaches under several conditions. Efficiency and Type I error rates for 1/v versus n.. weights used to pool ln[OR] estimates depended on sample size and the percent of studies missing cell frequencies. Results are discussed and guidelines for applied meta-analysts are provided.     

Eastern public speaking conference

Sound, A Textbook. By Arthur Tabor Jones. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1937; pp. xi + 450. $3.75.

How to Win Friends and Influence People. By Dale Carnegie. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936; pp. vii + 341. $2.00.

Actor in the Making. By William H. Bridge. Boston: Expression Company, 1936; pp. 115.

Public Discussion and Debate. (Revised Edition.) By A. Craig Baird. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1937; pp. iv + 400. $2.00.

Seeing and Hearing America. By Vida Ravenscroft Sutton. Boston: Expression Company, 1936; pp. 111. $1.75.

How to Improve Your Voice; Modern Theory and Practice for Singers and Speakers. By Gregory Krasnoff. New York: The Dial Press, 1936; pp. vii‐x + 181. $2.25.

Dos and Don'ts of Radio Writing. By Ralph Rogers. Boston: Associated Radio Writers, Inc., 1937; pp. 104. $1.00.

How to Speak in Public: a Natural Method. By Frank Home Kirkpatrick. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1937; pp. v‐xxiii + 199. $1.75.

Tournament Plays. Thirteen hitherto unpublished one‐act plays. New York: Samuel French, 1937; pp. 232. $1.50.

A History of Modern Colloquial English, 3rd ed. By Henry Cecil Wyld. New York: E. P. Dutton &; Co., 1937; pp. xviii + 433. $3.00.

20,000 Words Often Mispronounced. By W. H. P. Phyfe. New edition compiled by Fred A. Sweet and Maud D. Williams. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1937; pp. xvii + 791. $2.00.

You Don't Say! By Alfred H. Holt. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1937; pp. xvii + 165. $1.50.

The Call of the Dead (Totenmal). By Albert Talhoff. Boston: Expression Company, n.d.; pp. 25.

Simplified Lip Reading. New York: Supplementary School for Lip Reading and Speech Correction, 1937; pp. 80. $1.50.

Practical Methods in Choral Speaking. By Marguerite E. DeWitt and Others. Boston: Expression Company, 1936; pp. 253.

European and Asiatic Plays. Edited by Joseph Richard Taylor. Boston: Expression Co., 1936; pp. 730 + x.

Pitch and Intensity Characteristics of Stage Speech. By Milton Cowan. Iowa City: Supplement to Archives of Speech, 1936; pp. 92.

An American Phonetic Reader. By Sarah T. Barrows and Alta B. Hall. Boston: Expression Co., 1936; pp. xvi + 58. $1.25.

An English Pronouncing Dictionary, 4th ed. By Daniel Jones. New York: E. P. Dutton &; Co., 1937; pp. xxviii + 495. $2.00.

Animal Marionettes, Handbook X. By Paul McPharlin. Birmingham, Michigan: Puppetry Imprints, 1937; pp. 31. $1.50.

Puppetry, 1936. Edited by Paul McPharlin, Birmingham, Michigan: Puppetry Imprints, 1936; pp. 158. $2.50.

Speech Composition. By William Norwood Brigance. New York: F. S. Crofts and Co., 1937; pp. 385. $2.25.

Day by Day with American Playwrights. Compiled and edited with an introduction by Irene Childrey Hoch. Visalia, California: Published by the author, 1936; pp. 84. $1.00.

Catholic Evidence Training Outlines. (Third Edition, revised and enlarged.) Compiled by Maisie Ward and F. J. Sheed. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1935; pp. 330. $1.50.

Reading for Skill. By Angela M. Broening, Frederick H. Law, Mary S. Wilkinson, and Caroline L. Ziegler. New York: Noble and Noble, 1936; pp. xiii + 399. $1.30.

A Guide to Pronunciation. By Paul W. Carhart. Entirely rewritten by John S. Kenyon. Springfield: The G. &; C. Merriam Co., 1934.

Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, fifth edition. Springfield: The G. &; C. Merriam Co., 1936; pp. xxvi + 1274.

Poetry Arranged for the Speaking Choir. By Marion Parsons Robinson and Rozetta Lura Thurston. Boston: Expression Co., 1936; pp. 405. $2.50.

Psychometric Methods. By J. P. Guilford. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Co., 1936; pp. xvi + 566. $4.50.

One Hundred New Declamations. Compiled and edited by Lestee C. Boone. New York: Noble and Noble, Inc., 1936; pp. xxxiii + 434. $2.50.

Film and Theatre. By Allandyce Nicoll. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1936; pp. ix + 255. $2.50.

Principles of Shakespearean Production. By G. Wilson Knight. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1936; pp. 246. $3.50.

Modern Rules of Parliamentary Procedure. By Robert D. Leigh. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1937; pp. 106. $1.00.

Scenery Then and Now. By Donald Oenslager, New York: W. W. Norton Co., 1936; pp. 265. $5.00.

Stage Management for the Amateur Theatre. By William Perdue Halstead. New York: F. S. Crofts &; Co., 1937; pp. xviii + 265. $2.50.

Let's Give A Play. By Gertrude Smith Buckland. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1937; pp. 197. $1.50.

Adult Education. By Lyman Bryson. New York: The American Book Co., 1936; pp. 208.     

Transfer from middle to secondary school: a New Zealand study

Issues related to pupils’ transfer into secondary schools have been well-documented (Brown and Armstrong, in: M.B. Youngman (Ed.), Mid-schooling transfer: Problems and proposals, NFER-Nelson, Windsor, UK, 1986; Hargreaves, Two cultures of schooling: The case of middle schools, Falmer Press, Basingstoke, UK, 1986; Power and Cotterell, ERDC Report No. 27. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1981). A common feature of the research is the disparity between the environments of primary and secondary schools (Ward, NZ Principal, 27, (1997); Forbes and Ward, NZ Herald, 47, 11 December (1996)). The research suggests that the greater the difference between the two schools’ cultures, the greater the need for support for those transferring. In part, this need has traditionally been fulfilled in New Zealand by Intermediate Schools, two-year transition schools for Years 7 and 8. More recently, some of these schools have become four-year middle schools. By delaying transition to secondary school for two years (i.e., to Year 11), the middle schools offer an alternative route to secondary school. The research study described in this chapter tracked the movement of a class of pupils who chose to stay on at a middle school for Years 9 and 10, rather than transferring to secondary schools at the end of Year 8. Their perceptions of transition and those of a sample of school parents are detailed.     

Briefly noted

Henry Ward Beecher: An American Portrait, by Paxton Hibben. New York: Doran (now Doubleday, Doran &; Company, Garden City), 1927: pp. 390.

D. L. Moody: A Worker in Souls, by Gamaliel Bradford. New York: Doran, 1927: pp. 320.

Intercollegiate Debates (Volume VIII). Edited by Egbert Ray Nichols. New York: Noble and Noble, 1927: pp. viii, 565.

Debating as an Educator. By John G. Sims, Jr. Published by the author, Box 652, Fort Worth, Texas, 1926: pp. 112.

Four Speeches by Abraham Lincoln Hitherto Unpublished or Unknown. With an introduction by Earl Wellington Wiley, The Ohio State University Press, 1927: pp. 112.

An Introduction to the Drama. Edited by J. B. Hubbell and J. O. Beatty. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1927.

Talking. By J. B. Priestley. New York: Harper &; Bros., 1926.

An Essay on Conversation. By Henry W. Taft. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927

Conversation. By Olive Heseltine. New York: E. P. Dutton &; Co., 1927.

The Road to Xanadu. By John Livingston Lowes. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1927: pp. xviii, 639.

The Function and Forms of Thought. By Albert E. Avey. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1927: pp. xii, 395.

Demosthenes and His Influence. By Charles Darwin Adams. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1927: pp. 184. $1.75.

Les idées politiques d'Isocrate. By Georges Mathieu. Paris: So‐ ciété d'éditions Les Belles Lettres, 1925: pp. 228.

Integrity in Education and Other Papers. By George Norlin. New York: Macmillan, 1926: pp. vi, 231.

Spoken Thought. By Lily C. Whitaker. New York: A. S. Barnes and Company, 1927: pp. x + 596.

Training for Speaking. By Paul Berton. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1926.

Stammering and Its Treatment. By Samuel D. Bobbins. Boston: Boston Stammerers’ Institute, 1926; 12 mo, Cloth; pp. 121.

Our Times. Volume II, America Finding Herself. By Mark Sullivan. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1927.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: DE CASTELL, S., LAKE, A. AND KIERAN E. (eds) GARDNER K. (1986) Reading in Today's Schools. EVANS, T. (1987) English in the Primary School. PEARSON, H. (1987) Children Becoming Readers. TOVEY, D. R. and KERBER. J. E. (eds) (1986) Roles in Literacy Learning. NASH, w. (1986) English Usage. A Guide to First Principles. DAVIES, F. (1986) Books in the School Curriculum. INGHAM. J. with BROWN, v. (1986) The State of Reading. ADAMS. J. (1986) The Conspiracy of the Text: theplace of narrative in thedevelopment of thought. HARRIS. R. (1986) The Origin of Writing. READ, c. (1986) Children's Creative Spelling. WEBSTER, A. and MCONNELL. c. (1987) Children with Speech and Language Difficulties. KIERAS, D. E. and JUST, M. A. (eds) (1984) New Methods in Reading Comprehension Research.     

Dismantling Segregation Together: Interconnections between the Méndez v. Westminster (1946) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) School Segregation Cases

May 17, 2004 marked the 50th anniversary of the most significant school segregation case: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. 1954. 347 U.S. 483, 74 S. Ct. 686, 98 L. Ed. 873  [Google Scholar]. While the Brown decision eliminated the legal theory of “separate but equal,” the success of the Méndez et al. v. Westminster School District et al. (1946) Méndez et al. v. Westminster School Dist. of Orange County et al. 1946. 64 F. Supp. 544 (S.D.Ca.)  [Google Scholar] case helped boost public sentiment against segregation, setting the stage for Brown. Méndez made possible the defeat of school segregation laws by revealing the detrimental effects and moral dangers of segregation; in California, it helped bring about the end of de jure school segregation. In this essay, I analyze the similarities of Méndez and Brown by comparing key legal strategies and rhetoric in each case. I also show that civil rights leaders of the time thought that Méndez had ramifications for black desegregation efforts, even if the basis for Chicano and black discrimination were not the same. Before examining the ties between the two, I discuss important historical works on Méndez written between 1976 and 2001 that this essay builds upon.