《花间集》里的边塞情结

《花间集》里的主流作品无疑是那些依红偎翠、风流恻艳的词作,但同时也应看到,《花间集》中的词作是多种多样的,“主调”之外还有诸多“别调”,而边塞词就是其中重要的“花间别调”之一。在《花间集》的边塞空间中,交织着诸多意蕴、情感和欲求等,它们一起构成一种边塞情结。其中主要构成有：词调名、边塞地名中的边塞意蕴、边塞闺阁两相思念的情愁、对立功受赏的渴求、对连年征战的厌恶、对边塞风光的不同感受等。     

纳兰性德边塞词编年考证

纳兰性德的边塞词是清代词坛上独特的表现,占据纳兰词作的五分之一多,研究者对这类词的定位和评价都比较高。为了进一步理解纳兰性德其人其词,通过参证清代有关历史文献资料,确认纳兰性德的边塞行踪,或通过纳兰性德词题及词作内容留下的线索,确定其创作时间和创作情境,从而对这类词作进行编年考证。     

从苏轼与李清照对词的音律的态度来看苏词在音律方面的成就

李清照的词论主要从音律方面批评苏轼词作的不协音律,而对比两人对词的音律的不同态度,不仅可以看出两人乃至宋代豪放、婉约两大词派不同的审美取向,更能深入感知苏轼在词作创新方面的巨大成就。     

宋夏战争对北宋边塞词创作的影响

北宋边塞词中表现的征人渴望立功边塞与久戍边地而思乡的矛盾心态,闺中少妇对征人的思念与关怀等主题,正是宋夏战争背景下文学对社会生活的反映,士人对边塞复杂情况和战争特点的认识,直接影响边塞词的创作。宋夏战争激发了士人的忧患意识和爱国情怀,在民族矛盾激化的历史环境中,边塞词突破了花间词派和南唐婉约词风,将边塞生活、民生疾苦写入词中,创造出雄壮激荡的风格,成为宋代豪放词派的先声。     

宋夏战争对北宋边塞词创作的影响简

北宋边塞词中表现的征人渴望立功边塞与久戍边地而思乡的矛盾心态,闺中少妇对征人的思念与关怀等主题,正是宋夏战争背景下文学对社会生活的反映,士人对边塞复杂情况和战争特点的认识,直接影响边塞词的创作。宋夏战争激发了士人的忧患意识和爱国情怀,在民族矛盾激化的历史环境中,边塞词突破了花间词派和南唐婉约词风,将边塞生活、民生疾苦写入词中,创造出雄壮激荡的风格,成为宋代豪放词派的先声。     

宋代边塞词探析

真正意义上的宋代边塞词数量不多,但是词中却多用烟、霜等清冷的意象和冷色调,营造出不同于唐代边塞诗词的凄清衰飒的情感氛围和美学风格特征。在对其进行详细分析的基础上,我们可以反观边塞词美学风格以及词体观念的演变。宋人"诗庄词媚"词体观和孱弱的人格心理素质是形成宋代边塞词风格的原因,也是其数量少的主要原因。     

宋代女词人创作简述

依身份不同,对宋代女词人词作分类简述,透视了这些词人的社会地位及人品性格,对宋词研究者尚有禅益。     

宋代词僧仲殊写景词的艺术特色

仲殊是宋代著名的词僧，以小令词最为人称道，而写景词在他的词作中最多，艺术成就也最高。仲殊写景词的艺术特色主要表现在三个方面：一、旖旎之景、富贵之气；二、清丽之风、和婉之美；三、炼句工整、着色鲜明。     

浅析二窗词之异同

在宋代词史上,常将草窗词与梦窗词并列,合称“二窗”。大致的观点都认为周密的草窗词和吴文英的梦窗词创作风格比较接近,二人同属婉约派,同以雅正、合律的词学规则为典范。然而,两人的词作在风格、意境等方面也存在着差异。论文主要围绕他们的相似和相异两方面展开论述,以期较之前人的基础上进一步窥探二窗词的真实面目。     

浅析李清照词作情感变化的原因及其现实意义

李清照作为宋代最为杰出的女词人,也是婉约词派的代表人物。在宋代词坛上独树一帜,开创了著名的“易安体”。本文通过对李清照起伏一生的词作所体现的情感变化,归纳出李清照词作在其不同生活阶段所表现出的不同特点,从特点着眼研究词作情感变化的原因,借以分析词人词作情感变化的现实意义。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.