江苏高职院校规模效益研究的结论分析与发展对策

高等职业院校办学规模与综合效益之间的关系,越来越受到教育主管部门和院校的关注。根据江苏省高职院校规模效益研究中投入产出主成分分析、主成分回归分析、主成分数据包络分析的结果,对高职教育办学规模与办学效益、经费投入与办学质量以及如何实现科学发展展开分析,并提出相应的发展对策。     

“全人教育”视域下的高等职业院校育人功能探究

高等职业院校在近些年得到长足发展,尤其在职业技能人才培养上获得社会的高度认可,高校数量和在校生规模也极具壮大。进入"十三五规划"之际,高等职业教育的发展已出现拐点,由规模发展向内涵建设发展转变是摆在高等职业院校眼前的现实情况。而在全人教育理念指导下,充分发挥高等职业院校在育人方面的功能,是高等职业院校转向内涵建设发展首要解决的关键问题。高等职业教育需重新审视自身教育功能的发挥,将业务教育、文化教育、社会教育以及人格教育等四项功能统一起来,提升个体综合素质能力,培养"全人",更快更好的适应社会发展需求。     

高等职业教育集约化发展的思考

我国高等职业教育的发展方式应从单纯追求数量扩张的粗放型尽快转变为以注重质量效益为特征的集约型。正视并改善高等职业教育规模扩张引发的失衡状况,高等职业院校应致力于规模、结构、质量、效益的统一,特别要注重质量的提升和结构的优化,以形成高等职业教育以质量效益为特征的整体优势,构建以结构效益为目标的发展格局,提高办学效益。     

高等职业院校办学定位探微

高等职业院校是实施高等职业教育的实体,是我国高等教育的有机组成部分。高等职业院校办学定位的科学与否,事关我国高等教育事业健康发展的大局。高等职业教育的属性分析是高等职业院校办学定位研究的逻辑起点,理解与把握好高等职业院校办学定位的内涵是科学定位的基础,高等职业院校只有在办学的各个方面彰显高等职业教育的本质属性,才能全面实现其办学定位,彰显高等职业教育的本质属性是实现高等职业院校办学定位的路径选择。     

基于适应性的农业高等职业教育专业结构与产业结构吻合度实证研究——以江苏省为例

基于农业职业教育与产业的适应性,采用吻合度分析模型,对2018—2020年间江苏省农业高等职业教育与农业产业结构的发展状况进行数学比较和分析,重点剖析农业高等职业教育在校生规模、毕业生规模、专业布点与农业产业规模、农业从业人员数量、农业技术人员数量和农业重点产业发展方向的吻合度。结果显示：江苏省农业高职专业设置与农业重点发展方向基本吻合,农业职业教育的在校生规模和毕业生规模都不能适应江苏现代农业高质量发展,农林牧渔专业大类内部除畜牧业专业与产业发展处于吻合区间外,农业、林业和渔业专业培养的毕业生数量都不能满足对应产业的发展,亟需通过提高对农业高职院校的支持力度和增加农林牧渔类专业的招生人数等措施提升农业高等职业教育对产业发展的适应性。     

高等职业院校可持续发展的思考

高等职业院校要在激烈的市场竞争中求得生存,实现持续发展,就要树立品牌教育、特色教育意识;端正办学思想、明确办学定位;坚持产学合作的办学模式,深入推进校企合作办学;坚持面向市场,以就业为导向的办学机制和办学模式;坚持规模、速度与质量、效益有机统一和协调发展的原则。     

高等职业教育经济效益研究

我国高等职业教育经十多年的创业,现已形成建校布局较合理,各校重视专业设置结构的调整,提高教学质量,讲究经济效益。随着改革的深入发展,要求高等教育与经济发展相适应,高等职业教育是普通高等教育的组成部分,高等职业教育的改革要有自己的路子。目前高等职业院校应把提高办学规模效益问题提上议事日程。本文就高等识业教育在办学投入有限的情况下,探讨如何通过扩大办学规模达到增加“产出”,提高办学经济效益的目的。通过交流,抛砖引玉,探索高等职业教育在我国独特的路子,在改革中高等职业教育能顺应市场经济的要求而得到应有的发展。     

我国高等职业教育现状分析及对策

一、高等职业教育发展现状及存在问题 (一)高等职业教育规模及现状 近几年来,全国高等职业教育迅速发展,特别是1999年国家实行高校扩招政策以来,全国高职高专院校办学规模不断扩大.2002年底,全国共有1396所高校,其中高职高专院校767所,占54.94%,全国普通高校在校生人数376万人,其中高职高专院校在校人数占41.65%.2003年底,全国普通高校在校生人数382万,其中有200万是高等职业教育的学生,占了普高招生人数的52.3%.     

河北省产业结构调整与高等职业教育布局问题研究

高等职业教育是专门培养专业技术人员的专业机构。为了把传统的人才培养方案转变到提高人力资源质量上,以此来构建特色河北产业体系、推动城乡建设等重要战略思想上,需仔细认真地研究河北省高等职业教育的现状以及面临的问题,探寻出一条符合河北省社会科学发展观的新路径。一、现状(一)规模已占据高等教育龙头。河北省高等职业教育从上个世纪八十年代的发展[删除]以来,办学数量及办学规模都在不断的[地]递增和扩大。当下,河北省高等职业院校数量、在校生人数、年招生量,分别占全省高校总数、在校生总数、招生总数的55.2%、59.6%、54.2%,确定着[稳居]不     

高等职业教育支持区域经济发展探究——以吉林省为例

发展高等职业教育的根本目的是服务区域经济发展.以吉林省为例,高等职业教育在支持区域经济发展过程中存以下突出问题:高职院校数量、培养人才数量都偏少;专业结构与区域产业结构不够协调;经费投入水平偏低;服务区域经济的能力有待提高.今后,应扩大区域高等职业教育发展规模,优化专业结构,增加经费投入,改革办学机制.     

Keeping up with the Joneses: Institutional changes following the adoption of a merit aid policy

The increasing use by private colleges and universities of financial aid based on “merit”, as opposed to based solely on financial need has caused many to raise concerns that this type of aid will go mainly to higher income students crowding out aid to lower income students. However, some analysts suggest that by attracting more “almost full-paying” students through the use of merit aid, institutions will have more financial resources that they can use to increase their financial aid to low-income students and thus their enrollment. Results using data from the College Board's Annual Survey of Colleges and other secondary data sources suggest that the increased use of merit aid is associated with a decrease in enrollment of low-income and minority students, particularly at more selective institutions. Middle and bottom tier colleges may be offsetting costs with tuition increases, as the introduction of merit aid is accompanied by an increase in net costs.     

我国研究生教育的效率分析

以大学为分析单元,将教育和研究作为研究生教育的产出,将导师数、具有高级职称的教师数和研究经费作为投入,通过DEA(数据包络分析)对我国66所大学的研究生教育的效率进行定量分析发现:31所大学的研究生教育是总体技术有效的,47所大学是纯技术有效的,而规模无效的大学中有32所处于规模收益递减阶段。从数量效率看,有33所大学处于规模收益递减阶段,从质量效率看,有39所大学处于规模收益递减阶段。提高我国研究生教育效率的当务之急是提高管理效率,消除规模无效。     

重庆市安全培训机构的空间布局优化初探

为了进一步优化重庆市安全培训机构的空间布局,在对当前重庆74家安全培训机构进行充分调研和分析的基础之上．得出以下主要结论：（1）结合全国安全培训机构数量稳中有降的发展趋势,以及重庆总量稍多的现状,未来重庆安全培训机构总量仍可适当缩减;（2）重庆“一小时经济圈”内安全培训机构为分布密集区,未来发展应以优化整合、扩大规模、构建体系、凸显差异、挖掘资源为主,逐步向专业化方向转型;（3）在“渝东北”和“渝东南”的两翼区域,安全培训机构发展应以稳定目前数量、提高培训规模为主。     

Priced Out?

While the literature on postsecondary student success identifies important academic and social factors associated with student outcomes, one question that persists concerns the influence of financial aid. We use the National Student Clearinghouse’s StudentTracker service to develop a more complete model of student success that accommodates opportunities for students to choose to either graduate from the university of first-entry, graduate from a transfer university, or depart from college without a degree. The multinomial regression model reveals differential effects of financial aid. Results suggest that loan aid appears to encourage students to search out alternative institutions or drop out of college entirely, and merit aid appears to increase the likelihood of students persisting and graduating from the university of first-entry.     

Kernel Model Applied in Kernel Direct Discriminant Analysis for the Recognition of Face with Nonlinear Variations

A kernel-based discriminant analysis method called kernel direct discriminant analysis is employed, which combines the merit of direct linear discriminant analysis with that of kernel trick. In order to demonstrate its better robustness to the complex and nonlinear variations of real face images , such as illumination, facial expression, scale and pose variations, experiments are carried out on the Olivetti Research Laboratory, Yale and self-built face databases. The results indicate that in contrast to kernel principal component analysis and kernel linear discriminant analysis, the method can achieve lower (7%) error rate using only a very small set of features. Furthermore, a new corrected kernel model is proposed to improve the recognition performance. Experimental results confirm its superiority (1% in terms of recognition rate) to other polynomial kernel models.     

Counseling Freshmen

Abstract

Course evaluations are used by many institutions in promotion, tenure, and merit decisions. This article discusses the influences on those evaluations and how faculty can combat those biases to ensure accurate portrayal of their teaching effectiveness. Alternative evaluation methods are reviewed, including portfolios, peer feedback sessions, and informal student surveying.     

科学发展观视野中的湖北省高等教育规模、结构分析

湖北高等教育进入大众化阶段后,高等教育综合实力不断增强,但在发展过程中,其规模、结构等方面还存在不少问题。对湖北省高等教育的整体规模、结构进行分析,找出其优势和不足,并提出以科学发展观来指导湖北省高等教育改革与发展,调整高等教育发展规模与结构。     

Administrative perceptions of existing evaluation systems

Summary This research study focused on a number of issues related to the status and effectiveness of post-tenure evaluation practices within the two-year college sector.The results indicate that post-tenure evaluation exists in about 70 percent of the responding institutions who belong to the North Central Association. The stated purpose for the evaluation is formative and specifies that the evaluation is used as a basis for individual faculty development and for improvement purposes. There was, however, a sense that more emphasis should be given to reward systems in terms of merit compensation and/or merit recognition.Administrators generally indicate that a plan for improvement and professional growth is established and supported by institutional resources in their evaluation systems. Yet, there was ambivalence relative to the overall effectiveness of the post-evaluation process. The reasons for such a response centered on the perception that evaluation paid only lip service to faculty development and was not effective in measuring either competence or incompetence. It appears that much work needs to be accomplished in this area in order to improve the outcomes of evaluation systems. There was also significant concern expressed by administrators regarding the inadequacy of the system to identify and weed out poor or incompetent faculty members. Such action appeared to be lacking in those institutions participating in this study.Some well-defined recommendations were put forth by these administrators to improve the evaluation systems. The most prevalent recommendations centered on tying the system to faculty development and to a formative purpose, providing incentives (merit) for excellent performers, and lessening the importance of student evaluations.This study points out some of the gaps as perceived by administrators that exist in post-tenure evaluation systems today. It also provides some recommendations for improvement of evaluation systems for those individuals who are in positions to impact such change positively within institutions.In general, these data underscore the importance for individual institutions to assess the effectiveness of their evaluation systems from both a faculty and administrative perspective. The time and effort expended on an ineffective evaluation system might better be channeled into improving the system or into developing other quality college initiatives. Evaluation of tenured faculty should only be undertaken if it can improve the quality of life within the institution.     

我国普通高等教育发展的地区差异分析

运用衡量普通高等教育协调发展的指标对我国普通高等教育发展的地区差异进行实证分析表明,实施扩招政策以来,我国普通高等教育的规模、结构、质量和效益的地区差异明显并有扩大趋势,其原因主要在于教育产权安排不合理。缩小差距的根本在于建立健全教育产权制度。