行星齿轮传动均载研究现状

从静力学和动力学两方面介绍行星齿轮传动均载研究现状.静力学研究主要采用等效弹簧模型法和有限元与面积分技术相结合的接触力学法,研究制造误差和弹性变形等对均载性能的影响.动力学研究主要采用集中参数法、有限元与集中参数混合建模法、有限元与面积分技术相结合的多体接触动力学建模法,研究时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、齿轮误差等所引起的动载荷对均载性能的影响.     

Data-based modeling and estimation of vehicle crash processes in frontal fixed-barrier crashes

As a complex process, vehicle crash is challenging to be described and estimated mathematically. Although different mathematical models are developed, it is still difficult to balance the complexity of models and the performance of estimation. The aim of this work is to propose a novel scheme to model and estimate the processes of vehicle-barrier frontal crashes. In this work, a piecewise model structure is predefined to represent the accelerations of vehicle in frontal crashes. Each segment in the model is corresponding to the energy absorbing component in the crashworthiness structure. With the help of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), a robust scheme is proposed for parameter identification. By adjusting the model structure and parameters according to the initial velocity, crash processes in different conditions are estimated effectively. The estimation results exhibit good agreement with finite element (FE) simulations in three different cases. It is shown that, the proposed model keeps low complexity. Furthermore, the structure information of vehicle is involved in improving the accuracy and ability of crash estimation.     

Modeling of dielectrophoretic transport of myoglobin molecules in microchannels

Myoglobin is one of the premature identifying cardiac markers, whose concentration increases from 90 pg∕ml or less to over 250 ng∕ml in the blood serum of human beings after minor heart attack. Separation, detection, and quantification of myoglobin play a vital role in revealing the cardiac arrest in advance, which is the challenging part of ongoing research. In the present work, one of the electrokinetic approaches, i.e., dielectrophoresis (DEP), is chosen to separate the myoglobin. A mathematical model is developed for simulating dielectrophoretic behavior of a myoglobin molecule in a microchannel to provide a theoretical basis for the above application. This model is based on the introduction of a dielectrophoretic force and a dielectric myoglobin model. A dielectric myoglobin model is developed by approximating the shape of the myoglobin molecule as sphere, oblate, and prolate spheroids. A generalized theoretical expression for the dielectrophoretic force acting on respective shapes of the molecule is derived. The microchannel considered for analysis has an array of parallel rectangular electrodes at the bottom surface. The potential and electric field distributions are calculated using Green’s theorem method and finite element method. These results also compared to the Fourier series method, closed form solutions by Morgan et al. [J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34, 1553 (2001)] and Chang et al. [J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36, 3073 (2003)]. It is observed that both Green’s theorem based analytical solution and finite element based numerical solution for proposed model are closely matched for electric field and square electric field gradients. The crossover frequency is obtained as 40 MHz for given properties of myoglobin and for all approximated shapes of myoglobin molecule. The effect of conductivity of medium and myoglobin on the crossover frequency is also demonstrated. Further, the effect of hydration layer on the crossover frequency of myoglobin molecules is also presented. Both positive and negative DEP effects on myoglobin molecules are obtained by switching the frequency of applied electric field. The effect of different shapes of myoglobin on DEP force is studied and no significant effect on DEP force is observed. Finally, repulsion of myoglobin molecules from the electrode plane at 1 KHz frequency and 10 V applied voltage is observed. These results provide the ability of applying DEP force for manipulating nanosized biomolecules such as myoglobin.     

Quasi-power functionals for potential fields from the Graph- Theoretic Field Model

Quasi-power functionals have been traditionally derived through the Method of Weighted Residuals (MWR) and used as the starting formulation for the finite element method. In this paper, we derive similar but more complete functionals for potential fields through a novel approach. We first form discrete quasi-power functions by applying Tellegen's theorem to the Graph-Theoretic Field Model (GTFM) and then obtain the continuous model quasi-power functionals by applying a limiting process to the discrete counterpart. The procedure herein is in marked contrast to the MWR whereby quasi-power functionals are derived by applying mathematical operations to the partial differential system. The procedure can be used with fields with anisotropy, non-linearities and coupled processes, although the example fields used within are linear and isotropic. This paper is a sequel to similar derivations for Green's identities and variational formulations.     

Iterative algorithms for optimal design of columns subject to a stress constraint

Two algorithms based on an integral equation formulation of the buckling optimization problem are formulated and implemented. The objective of the optimization is to maximize the buckling load of an elastically restrained column by optimally designing the cross-sectional area subject to a minimum cross-section or maximum stress constraint. The first approach involves solving the resulting integral equations iteratively taking into account the boundary conditions, the optimality criterion and the imposed constraints. In the second approach an iterative finite difference approximation scheme is developed.The column is elastically restrained at both ends which produce the simple support and clamped end conditions for the limiting cases leading to the optimal design of columns under general boundary conditions. The above problems do not have analytical solutions due to the complexity of the boundary conditions, constraints and the optimality conditions necessitating the formulation of computational schemes for their solution. Several numerical results are given and compared with available results in the literature. Moreover the accuracy of the methods is studied by comparing the iterative solutions with finite element ones and with exact results when available.     

Global derivative based sensitivity method for parameter estimation

In nonlinear parameter estimation local sensitivity assessment; conventionally measured by the first-order derivative of the predicted response with respect to a parameter of interest fails to provide a representative picture of the prediction sensitivity in the presence of significant parameter co-dependencies and/or nonlinearities. In this article we derive the profile-based sensitivity measure developed by Sulieman et al. (2001, 2004) [1] and [2] in the context of model re-parameterization. In particular, the so-called predicted response re-parameterization is shown to ultimately lead to the profile-based sensitivity coefficient defined by the total derivative of the model predicted response with respect to a parameter. Although inherently local, the profile-based measure is shown to handle simultaneous perturbations in parameter values while accounting for their co-dependencies. Thus the proposed measure possesses a central property of a global sensitivity measure and so it is considered hybrid local-global measure.The global Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) is added to the analysis and compared with both marginal and profile-based sensitivity methods. The Fourier sine amplitude is utilized here as a first-order sensitivity measure and shown to be directly linked to the local sensitivity coefficient averaged over all ranges of parameter uncertainties and so it is also considered hybrid local-global measure. The comparisons are explained by three compelling model cases with different degrees of parameter co-dependencies and nonlinearities.     

Modeling the relaxation time of DNA confined in a nanochannel

Using a mapping between a Rouse dumbbell model and fine-grained Monte Carlo simulations, we have computed the relaxation time of λ-DNA in a high ionic strength buffer confined in a nanochannel. The relaxation time thus obtained agrees quantitatively with experimental data [Reisner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 196101 (2005)] using only a single O(1) fitting parameter to account for the uncertainty in model parameters. In addition to validating our mapping, this agreement supports our previous estimates of the friction coefficient of DNA confined in a nanochannel [Tree et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 228105 (2012)], which have been difficult to validate due to the lack of direct experimental data. Furthermore, the model calculation shows that as the channel size passes below approximately 100 nm (or roughly the Kuhn length of DNA) there is a dramatic drop in the relaxation time. Inasmuch as the chain friction rises with decreasing channel size, the reduction in the relaxation time can be solely attributed to the sharp decline in the fluctuations of the chain extension. Practically, the low variance in the observed DNA extension in such small channels has important implications for genome mapping.     

基于非规范电磁势三维涡流问题的有限元逼近

最近 2 0年来,A φ法已广泛应用于涡流模型的数值计算,但关于该方法的误差分析在国内外迄今尚未能见到有关文献。给出了基于非规范电磁势的三维涡流问题有限元方法的一个收敛性分析。在适当的正则性假设下,得到了全离散有限元A φ格式的误差估计     

模拟跨声速湍流的线性和非线性涡粘性湍流模式

讨论应用线性和非线性涡粘性湍流模式计算跨声速湍流 .用于比较的 3个线性湍流模式是Shih和Lumley的k ε模式 ,CMOTT模式和SST模式 .2个非线性模式是Shih ,Zhu和Lumleyd的二阶模式 ,以及Shih等的三阶模式 .计算的典型流动是绕凸起的跨声速流动 ,该流动的特征是激波与边界层相互作用且伴有流动分离 .计算结果表明非线性湍流模式具有明显的优势 .     

A clarification of confirmatory composite analysis (CCA)

Confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) is a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique that specifies and assesses composite models. In a composite model, the construct emerges as a linear combination of observed variables. CCA was invented by Jörg Henseler and Theo K. Dijkstra in 2014, was subsequently fully elaborated by Schuberth et al. (2018), and was then introduced into business research by Henseler and Schuberth (2020b). Inspired by Hair et al. (2020), a recent article in the International Journal of Information Management (Motamarri et al., 2020) used the same term ‘confirmatory composite analysis’ as a technique for confirming measurement quality in partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) specifically. However, the original CCA (Henseler et al., 2014; Schuberth et al., 2018) and the Hair et al. (2020) technique are very different methods, used for entirely different purposes and objectives. So as to not confuse researchers, we advocate that the later-published Hair et al. (2020) method of confirming measurement quality in PLS-SEM be termed ‘method of confirming measurement quality’ (MCMQ) or ‘partial least squares confirmatory composite analysis’ (PLS-CCA). We write this research note to clarify the differences between CCA and PLS-CCA.     

Finite Memory Observers for linear time-varying systems. Part II: Observer and residual sensitivity

Fault detection and diagnosis are important issues in process engineering. Hence, considerable interest is growing in this field from industrial practitioners as well as academic researchers, as opposed to 30 years ago. This paper focusses on a model-based approach for fault detection. This approach is based on Finite Memory Observers (FMO), properties of this observer are presented in the first part of our work (Graton et al., 2014 [1]), the main results of this paper are recalled at the beginning of this paper and constitute the basis of this second part. Properties of the Finite Memory Observer (FMO) are studied from a global point of view for the class of linear time-varying (LTV) systems with stochastic noises. FMO performances take their framework from the study of their properties, and from the study of their influences on diagnosis results. Fundamentally, the generation of residuals is essential in a diagnosis procedure. In Graton et al. (2014) [1], the design for the finite memory observer is shown, the determination of its optimal window length is solved, and the generation of residuals for diagnosis is completed. This paper is the second part of this work and is devoted to the study of the observer and residual sensitivity towards model parameter variations and noises.     

轮轨垂向接触刚度分析

目前在机车／线路耦合动力学研究中,常采用赫兹非线性理论计算轮轨接触刚度,由于赫兹理论存在局限性,本文采用有限元计算方法,建立了三维轮轨接触模型,考虑了钢轨弯曲对接触区的影响,计算出合理的轮轨接触状态,考虑枕木周期变化对轮轨接触刚度的影响,考虑了道床对轮轨接触刚度的影响,计算得到轮轨接触刚度并与基于赫兹非线性理论的轮轨接触刚度进行比较。     

粘塑性随机有限元及其对堤坝填筑问题的分析

基于Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下材料的非线性特征,结合粘塑性应力空间内破坏准则被有限超越期间的稳定时间步长,对随机数学覆盖下粘塑性数值算法的逻辑实现过程进行推导,在直接偏微分理论基础上建立了三维及平面应变条件下粘塑性非线性随机有限元的本构关系式,进而提出了基于全量理论的粘塑性非线性随机有限元列式,并以堤防填筑工程为例,分析研究了土质堤坝分阶段逐步填筑过程中的随机演化机理及堤坝结构的可靠度安全性,实现了堤防填筑工程的全程随机模拟。     

Interference suppression of linear antenna arrays by phase-only control using a clonal selection algorithm

In this paper, an efficient technique based on clonal selection algorithm (CLONALG) for linear antenna array pattern synthesis with null steering by controlling only the element excitation phases is presented. The CLONALG is an evolutionary computation method inspired by the clonal selection principle of human immune system. To show the versatility and flexibility of the proposed CLONALG, some examples of Chebyshev array pattern with the imposed single, multiple and broad nulls are given. The sensitivity of the nulling patterns due to small variations of the element phases is also investigated.     

Nonlinear control of an antilock braking system in the presence of tire–road friction uncertainties

An Antilock Braking System (ABS) is characterized by nonlinear dynamics, which render more difficult the design of a controller for high performance. The problem is even harder due to the uncertainties on the parameters appearing in its dynamics. In this paper, an ABS laboratory setup is considered, which mimics a quarter car model. A super–twisting controller is proposed to overcome the problem due to parameter uncertainties. This controller is designed in order to impose a reference value of the tire slip. Two cases are considered: in the first, nominal ABS parameters are used in the controller, whereas in the second the controller embeds an estimator of the tire–road friction coefficient, which is one of most critical parameters. The friction coefficient is estimated in finite–time by means of a high–order sliding mode differentiator. The original contributions of the paper are the real–time implementation of the super–twisting controller for the laboratory setup under study, and the use of a super–twisting estimator to provide a finite–time estimation of the friction coefficient between the tire and the road, along with a comparison with classical PI–like and super–twisting controllers, available in the literature. The ABS laboratory setup allows checking experimentally the performance of the proposed nonlinear dynamic controller, showing a considerable increase of the efficiency of the control system.     

平面应变有限元法在基坑支护中的应用分析

本文结合沿海某基坑工程,运用Plaxis有限元程序建模并计算,对桩的水平位移、坑底隆起量、应力、桩体及内支撑弯矩、桩体和土体接触面应力进行分析。经实践证明,平面应变有限元法在该基坑支护设计中切实可用,可为类似工程的设计及施工提供一定的参考。     

螺栓连接中预紧力的有限元分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了螺栓连接的有限元模型,采用了预紧力单元法和温度收缩法模拟预紧力两种方法,分析了不同载荷条件下螺栓结构的轴向变形图和轴向应力图,并将有限元分析结果与理论分析进行对比,以验证建立的有限元模型的有效性,为分析复杂结构中螺栓连接结构的简化提供了理论依据。     

A direct approach using the finite element method for the solution of the linear optimal control problem with a quadratic criterion

The present paper proposes a numerical approach to a linear optimal control problem with a quadratic performance index. In this technique, the time interval is divided into a number of time segments and all of the unknown functions which appear in the performance index are either interpolated linearly with respect to time or assumed to be constant in each time segment. The augmented performance index is discretized within each time element through the ordinary finite element technique.The main advantage of the present method is as follows: all of the necessary conditions for the performance index to be stationary can be expressed in the form of algebraic equations and the performance sequence of the state variables can be eliminated. As a result, the optimal control problem is reduced to the simple one of finding the sequence of control variables alone, which minimizes the quadratic performance index.A general formulation of the method is given and simple numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.     

平面K型圆管相贯节点承载力的有限元分析

文章应用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,对平面K型圆管相贯节点进行建模,根据非线性有限元分析的基本理论,对节点进行划分网格,建立有限元模型、施加荷载、观察并描述节点区域应力及变形全过程.验证了平面K型圆管相贯节点的受力性能,并对此类节点的设计提出合理的建议.     

A new type of wave digital filter

This paper proposes a new wave digital filter derived from doubly terminated LC-ladder networks by replacing each series or shunt arm element of the ladder by its equivalent digital two-port. It is shown that such two-ports may be cascaded without the use of adapters defined by Fettweis (1). A number of realizations of the wave digital two-ports, which are canonic with respect to both multipliers and delays, have been obtained. Also a realization which is canonic with respect to multipliers only is given and an example considered using this realization. The sensitivity of this filter with respect to the multiplier coefficient changes due to finite word length is compared with the conventional cascaded digital filter and also the one proposed by Renner and Gupta. It is found that the proposed filter appears to be a more desirable form of implementation than the conventional cascade form and comparable to that of Renner and Gupta (2).