我国经理人股票期权制度问题研究

经理股票期权是在所有权和经营权相分离的情况下企业为激励经理人员努力工作而实施的一种内部分配制度。由于我国企业实施经理股票期权激励受到一系列的约束,目前,经理股票期权激励在我国还不规范,在实践中没有取得应有的激励效果。本文对经理股票期权激励的基础理论及其在国内外的实施情况进行了研究,在此基础上探讨了经理股票期权激励本土化所面临的诸多障碍,并提出了扫除这些障碍的对策建议。     

经理股票期权定价模型及实证研究

经理股票期权是为解决现代企业委托代理问题而向经理人员提供的一项激励制度。传统经理股票期权存在外部“噪音”对股价影响带来经理收益与实际贡献不相符和经理作为内部人有操作股价变动牟利的问题。文章为了解决以上两个方面问题，构建了平均价格期权、重新定价期权、双障碍期权和业绩比较期权等4种经理股票期权，并与传统经理股票期权进行对比分析，探讨了不同期权方案的特点及其适应范围．     

我国实行经理股票期权制的障碍分析

经理股票期权(ESO)是对企业的经理人员实行的一项长期激励机制。它的激励作用的充分有效发挥是以一系列内外部条件的成熟为基础的。我国目前实施经理股票期权的条件还不够成熟,主要存在股票市场、股票的来源及流通、税收及用人机制等方面的障碍。要广泛推行经理股票期权,必须克服上述障碍。     

股票期权:一种全新的工薪激励机制

通过建立有效的分配制度对我国股份制公司经理人员进行长期激励和约束,一直是我国现代企业理论所关注的核心问题。股票期权制度作为一种工薪激励方式,逐渐被人们所认同。本文着重对股票期权制度的内在机制、作用及实用性进行分析。     

股票期权激励原理与其在我国企业中的运用问题

本文分析了经理股票期权的基本特点和结构要素以及股票期权激励的基本原理、具体作用,并探讨了在我国应用股票期权的过程中需要注意的几个主要问题。     

论经理股票期权激励制度的实施困扰及纾解

现代公司的产权组织模式是节约交易费用的组织创新，具有很大的优越性，但信息不对称导致所有者监督经营者的困难，产生“委托代理人”和“内部人控制”问题。实施经理股票期权有助于克服经理的短期行为，把对经营者的外部激励与约束变成经营者的自我激励与自我约束，使得所有者与经营者的利益趋于一致。分析了经理股票期权制度的理论基础，对我国上市公司实施经理股票期权的困扰进行分析，并提出相应纾解对策。     

关于经理股票期权会计问题浅议

自2008年以来资本市场持续下跌,人们对国内上市公司的经理股票期权激励计划质疑不断,随着经理股票期权对公司的业绩影响越来越深刻,经理股票期权的会计处理显得尤为重要．本文通过对我国上市公司经理股票期权会计的确认、计量与信息披露进行了深入的探讨,并提出了改进的建议．     

经理股票期权激励机制主要障碍及对策

经理股票期权在经营者长期激励与约束方面具有非常重要的意义，但其有效实施需要一系列的条件。本文主要分析在我国实行经理股票期权激励机制面临的主要障碍并提出一些对策。     

股票期权激励机制问题研究

股票期权激励机制能有效地解决委托人和代理人之间的矛盾,被实践证明是一种较好的长期激励手段。股票期权激励制度的实施是一项系统的工程。股票期权激励制度在我国实施的时间比较短,在我国实施的条件还不完全具备,我们必须从内外两方面入手,结合我国的国情,不断完善其外部环境和制度本身,使股票期权激励制度尽快本土化,发挥其最大的激励效用。     

股票期权激励机制的负效应探析

经理股票期权是一种有效的长期激励约束机制，从研究该机制的应用现状出发，主要分析股票期权激励机制的负效应，指出在选择该机制的时候需要理性的考虑，取其利而避其害．     

The Personality of Pre-Theological Majors

Two personality scales, each consisting of twenty-two items with Likert type response options, were administered to sixty-one graduate students. The items were keyed by three methods: a.) Likert weighting, b.) unit weighting, dichotomizing between the agree and disagree options, and c.) unit weighting, dichotomizing as close as possible to p = .50. Internal consistency reliability coefficients were computed for both scales, keyed by the three methods. For both scales, keying method c.) resulted in reliability coefficients as high as those obtained with method a.) . Method b.) however, effected a drastic drop in reliability in the scale with many highly skewed item response distributions. It was concluded that multiple-response personality items with highly skewed response distributions can be useful in a unit weighted keying system if they are dichotomized close to p = .50 rather than between the agree and disagree responses.     

Smart Training and Development: A Learner‐Guided Approach

There is great support for the research that says that how one uses knowledge is linked to how and where that knowledge is acquired—especially, knowledge that is connected directly to performance. This how and where approach is rooted in time‐tested and research‐supported learning strategies. Key emphasis is placed on competency identification, maximum use of the work environment for learning, self‐directed learning activities along with a contracting structure that allows self‐pacing, mastery, individualization, and various feedback options. This article describes how to combine these learning strategies so that training and development (T&D) costs, time to train, and employee performance and retention are improved. This learning model is called learner‐guided training and development—a smart, highly leveraged design model.     

Experiences of African American empowerment: a Jamesian perspective on agency

This essay draws from the work of William James and three African American pragmatists, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ralph Ellison and Cornel West, to explore the moral relevance of the self as an empowered agent among African American youth. The focus is on Jamesian agency as a function of the individual's awareness of options in context, the self-empowerment that allows one to access those options, and the resulting behaviour that actualises perceived potentials. Case examples clarify how the awareness of self as an active and choice-making agent normally has moral primacy for African Americans. These examples draw on both justice and care perspectives to clarify the possibilities of human development and social change through highly developed human agency.     

地下结构抗震设计方法综合对比

地下结构不同于地上结构对地震的响应,在抗震设计理论和方法方面有共同点,也有区别,本文详细介绍了常用的几种抗震设计方法,并对各种方法的分类、选择、应用、范围及优缺点进行综合对比,提出设计建议。     

公路中小企业融资问题探讨

无论是在发达国家还是发展中国家,公路中小企业在经济增长、促进就业、提高人民生活福利、推动产业结构升级换代等方面都具有非常重要的作用。我国公路中小企业的融资结构很大程度上取决于政府针对公路中小企业的相应政策选择。目前我国公路中小企业融资结构存在诸多问题及具体对策建议。     

高校专业设置投资定价模型应用框架构造研究——基于实物期权的方法

将高等学校的学科专业建设看作一种投资行为,它是一种风险性的投资,设置或调整一个专业是一个投资决策,因此,可以将实物期权方法用于高等学校的学科专业设置与调整决策投资决策之中。文章探讨如何根据高校专业设置决策的特点,构造基于实物期权的高校专业设置投资定价模型应用框架。     

EFFECTS OF EMPIRICAL OPTION WEIGHTING ON RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF AN ACADEMIC APTITUDE TEST1

Item options of shortened forms of the GRE Verbal and Quantitative tests were empirically weighted by two variants of a method originally attributed to Guttman (1941). When compared with formula scores, it was found that tests scored with the empirical weights were more reliable but less valid when correlated with undergraduate GPA. A factor analysis revealed large increases in variance accounted for by the first factor. It was suggested that the weighting procedures used tended to capitalize on omitting behavior which, although a highly reliable tendency, may be invalid.     

Disagreement over the best way to use the word ‘validity’ and options for reaching consensus

The ability to convey shared meaning with minimal ambiguity is highly desirable for technical terms within disciplines and professions. Unfortunately, there is no widespread professional consensus over the meaning of the word ‘validity’ as it pertains to educational and psychological testing. After illustrating the nature and extent of disagreement, we consider three options for reaching consensus: to eliminate its ambiguity by agreeing a precise technical definition; to embrace its ambiguity by agreeing a catchall lay usage; and to retire ‘validity’ from the testing lexicon.     

Electing to speak: professional dialogue in the context of Fellowship of the Higher Education Academy

Written submissions are traditionally used in the assessment of applications for Fellowship of the Higher Education Academy, with dialogue offering an alternative approach. Quite why individuals elect for dialogue has received little attention. Using a mixed methods approach, data were gathered from two Universities offering dialogic and written routes in their Fellowship schemes. Most individuals elected for dialogue, although this decision varied between Fellowship categories. Reasons for the choice were highly individual. This study demonstrates that dialogic approaches are popular with staff. However, we argue the importance of choice in Fellowship assessment options and recommend this to other academic developers.     

基于多元学习需求的英国开放大学课程建设研究

英国开放大学以学习者为中心,建设适应不同人群、不同学习目的的课程内容及课程体系.其围绕学生特点和需求定位课程内容,通过模块化、层级化课程的自由组合,为学习者提供灵活的、多出口的学习选择,满足了不同个体的学习偏好及职业发展需求.我国的开放大学面对着与其类似的多元学习需求,应在课程建设时充分借鉴其成功经验.