Prometheus unbound: 20 years of communication policy research

In this article I review 20 years of writing on communication policy in Prometheus. I examine the contribution Prometheus has made to three areas of knowledge about communication policy: communication itself, its histories, and broad notions of communication policy; telecommunications; and new communication technology. I suggest that it is in the latter two areas focusing on the technological dimensions of communication policy, that the journal has consistently contributed genuinely innovative work. Here the journal has fostered interdisciplinary writing and enquiry where policy and technology developments most required critique and new ideas.     

Innovation: principles,processes and policy. a review of the contribution of Prometheus in its first 20 years

This paper reviews the contribution that Prometheus has made over the past 20 years to the literature on innovation, innovation policy and technological change. I offer first a necessarily subjective view of how the research literatures of innovation and innovation policy have developed in recent decades. I then compare that account with an interpretation of the emphases and trends in the corresponding areas in Prometheus. The research literatures involved are vast, located in many specific discipline areas and cross many discipline boundaries. While my ‘home’ discipline is economics I believe much can still be learned from the flexible and imaginative use of economics to frame research inquiry in the innovation area.     

The Prometheus school of information economics

This paper reviews 20 years of information economics in Prometheus. It finds broad coherence about the theme of information as knowledge‐capital, as distinct from information as a message in a market‐space. The paper suggests that micro‐foundations for the Prometheus school of information economics should be based in evolutionary micro‐economic theory rather than in neoclassical micro‐economic theory.     

What can bibliometrics tell us about changes in the mode of knowledge production?

One of the most influential contributions to the fields of science policy research and science and technology studies during the last 20 years was The New Production of Knowledge by Gibbons et al. (Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P. and Trow, M. (1994) The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, Sage, London). The authors argued that over recent decades a different form of knowledge production has emerged, one which they termed ‘Mode 2’. In this, knowledge is produced in the context of application, generally on the basis of transdisciplinary research efforts, by a heterogeneous range of institutional actors, who are subject to wider social accountability and more diverse forms of quality control than in the traditional ‘Mode 1’ knowledge production. Although there have been a number of attempts to examine the claims of The New Production of Knowledge empirically, the evidence is, at best, rather ambiguous. The study reported here analyses highly cited publications in the field of bibliometric research to establish whether the themes of those publications and, more specifically, the changes in these themes over the last 20 years, provide any evidence of a growing incidence of Mode 2 knowledge production. The paper concludes that there is some evidence that bibliometrics, as a field of research, has exhibited a shift towards Mode 2 knowledge production over the last two decades. In addition, it would seem to have played a part in a similar shift across science more generally, offering policy-relevant tools and analyses, helping scientific research to respond to increased demands for accountability, and contributing to changes in the approach to the quality assessment of research. At the same time, and perhaps inadvertently, it may have contributed to bringing about changes in publication and citation practices as more and more authors seek to maximise their ‘score’ on one or more bibliometric indicators.     

It takes two to tango: knowledge mobilization and ignorance mobilization in science research and innovation

The main goal of this paper is to propose a dynamic mapping for knowledge and ignorance mobilization in science research and innovation. An underlying argument is that ‘knowledge mobilization’ science policy agendas in countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom fail to capture a critical element of science and innovation: ignorance mobilization. The latter draws attention to dynamics upstream of knowledge in science research and innovation. Although perhaps less visible, there is ample evidence that researchers value, actively produce, and thereby mobilize ignorance. For example, scientists and policymakers routinely mobilize knowledge gaps (cf. ignorance) in the process of establishing and securing research funding to argue the relevance of a scientific paper or a presentation, and to launch new research projects. Ignorance here is non-pejorative and by and large points to the borders and the limits of scientific knowing – what is known to be unknown. In addition, processes leading to the intentional or unintentional consideration or bracketing out of what is known to be unknown are intertwined with, yet remain distinct from, knowledge mobilization dynamics. The concepts of knowledge mobilization and of ignorance mobilization, respectively, are understood to be the use of knowledge or ignorance towards the achievement of goals. The value of this paper lies in its conceptualization of the mobilization of knowledge as related to the mobilization of ignorance within a complex, dynamic and symbiotic relationship in science research and innovation: it takes two to tango.     

The Integration of Innovation Policies: The Case of Canada1

Innovation is by definition a complex process, but policies geared towards stimulating innovation have tended to focus too narrowly on the production of new knowledge—on the funding and performance of research and development. Successful innovation is a matter of the identification, application and diffusion of knowledge—of creativity. It is therefore not simply a function of gross investments in science nor is it a function of the new production of knowledge. Innovation becomes more than a matter of ‘science policy’ and increasingly a matter to be integrated into trade, investment, monetary, industrial, labor, tax and competition policies. Yet this is extremely problematic for governments interested in creating a ‘knowledge‐based economy’. The integration of innovation into the core raison d'?tre of traditional policy is key.     

Forty years of the International Journal of Information Management: A bibliometric analysis

In 2019, the International Journal of Information Management (IJIM) celebrated its 40th year of publication. This study commemorates this event by presenting a retrospect of the journal. Using a range of bibliometric tools, we find that the journal has grown impressively in terms of publication and citation. The contributions come from all over the world, but the majority are from Europe and the United States. The journal has mostly published empirical articles, with its authors dominantly using quantitative methodology. Further, the culture of collaboration has increased among authors over the years. The journal publishes on a number of including managing information systems, information technologies and their application in business, technology acceptance among consumers, using information systems for decision making, social perspectives on knowledge management, and information research from the social science perspective. Regression analysis reveals that article attributes such as article order, methodology, presence of authors from Europe, number of references, number of keywords, and abstract length have a significant association with the citations. Finally, we find that conceptual and review articles have a positive association with citations.     

企业知识BCG的产权化机制研究

知识经济下,知识已成为经济发展中最重要的战略资源和生产要素,因而知识管理逐渐成为企业管理的主题。本文首先将战略管理中波士顿矩阵(BCG)方法运用于企业知识管理中,形成知识BCG,以探索知识创新的内在规律和属性。在此基础上,又在以知识创新推进知识管理过程中,予以产权化机制的保障,以求企业的知识管理更具操作性。     

Socio-political factors and the failure of innovation policy in Croatia as a country in transition

This paper discusses the roles of socio-political factors and related public policies in the economic growth of Croatia, as well as their influence on its transition to a knowledge economy (KE). The Croatian experience might help to understand transition processes in other Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). This paper argues that Croatia has failed to capitalize on its inherited science base, which could have been used as a starting point in the transition towards a KE, because it has not made the shift from an obsolete socialist-style science policy to a modern innovation policy (IP); the latter is seen as the new policy paradigm necessary for structural adjustment to a KE.Covert socio-political growth factors shaped by the country-specific historical heritage of Croatia have prevented the recognition of the need for structural adjustment to the new technology regime, and have led to the belief that the IP is not only irrelevant but is also a relict of the state interventionism inherited from socialism, which was the most serious obstacle to policy reform.Examples drawn from the development of the IP and the National System of Innovation (NSI) in Croatia, which shares the socialist model of science policy and the socio-political context of the transition towards a market economy with other CEECs, can help to explain the failure of the IP. In the Croatian case, the decisive factors were the social state of so-called “semi-modernism” and the governance of the so-called “de-industrializing elite”.This paper concludes that the transition of a CEEC from a market economy to a KE requires a serious re-design of development policy, the effectiveness of which depends on social change determined by the political recognition and social assimilation of the new technological regime. In this sense, the current paper contributes to the understanding of the roles of social capital and governance in the economic growth of post-socialist countries.     

国内情报学研究中的知识输入状况定量分析

[目的/意义]对情报学知识来源的分析,有助于情报学界更好地把握学科研究内容、探究现有研究是否偏离情报学的本原。[方法/过程]文章基于4种情报学中文核心期刊的刊载文献及其中文参考文献,使用OI^*_i等指标定量分析国内情报学研究中各学科对情报学领域的知识输入量,并通过LDA主题模型识别各学科知识输入的主要内容。[结果/结论]研究发现,国内情报学研究过度依赖经济学、计算机科学、法学及管理学等学科,情报学中有关信息的研究较多,对真正的情报问题重视不够,急需加强自身理论和方法建设,增强学科独立性。     

近十五年内国内全球气候治理研究的知识图谱 ——基于CiteSpace的信息可视化分析

随着全球气候治理议题逐渐占据世界外交的中心视野，中国学者在政策导向下对其研究比例跃升。以CNKI数据库所收录2006—2021年有关“全球气候治理”主题的337篇CSSCI期刊文献为样本，借助CiteSpace软件为工具绘制知识图谱,直观分析国内全球气候治理研究的现状、热点及趋势。经分析，可知国内对全球气候治理的研究在十九大之后出现爆发式增长；国际政治学领域的学者、期刊和机构组成了主体支持力量；全球气候治理的困境及原因、中国在全球气候治理体系中的角色转变以及实现双碳目标的路径等是主要热点议题；“双碳”主题下的碳交易机制复杂化、数字碳中和以及新时代碳外交等子议题是未来发展趋势。     

The influence of knowledge-based resources and business scholars’ internationalization strategies on research performance

This study investigates how business research scholars’ internationalization strategies influence their research performance and how this relationship is moderated by the availability of different knowledge-based resources. The authors analyze citations to journal articles authored by business research scholars with German affiliations and examine how the number of citations is determined by international collaborations and a researcher's knowledge resources in terms of language skills, research experience, and foreign market knowledge. The results demonstrate that the augmentation of complementary knowledge resources (i.e., when researchers lack language skills and foreign market knowledge) positively influences the performance of a collaboration-based internationalization strategy (i.e., collaborations with international researchers). The collaboration-based strategy also improves performance for less experienced researchers, but this advantage diminishes with increasing research experience. The findings provide further insights into drivers of scholars’ research performance and have practical implications for science policy.     

国内外海洋资源研究知识图谱解析及启示

海洋经济已成为全球经济发展的重要引擎,海洋资源的开发与利用关乎海洋经济的可持续发展及海洋强国建设。运用CiteSpace文献计量方法,以CNKI和Web of Science数据库中的海洋资源文献为研究对象,通过对发文机构、发文期刊和关键词的分析,总结2000—2019年国内外海洋资源研究的总体特征。结果表明：①国外对于海洋资源研究的关注远大于国内,且国家（地区）间合作发文密切的主要是欧美海洋经济强国;国内海洋资源研究主体主要以沿海地区涉海院校为主,网络图谱结构松散,跨区域跨机构交流有待加强。②国外关注海洋资源研究的学科聚焦于生态学、环境科学、海洋学、国际关系、地理学和生物学等学科;国内主要集中在资源科学、环境科学、人文经济地理、国际关系及政治学等学科。③国外海洋资源研究视角呈多元化发展,对海洋资源综合管理、海洋资源与海洋生态系统、海洋生物资源、海洋资源可持续发展以及深远海资源探索等议题关注较多;国内海洋资源的阶段性研究具有明显的政策导向性,海洋资源与海洋经济、海洋资源可持续发展、海洋资源与生态环境、海洋资源空间治理等主题成为不同时期的研究热点。进一步提出海洋资源的开发与利用应具有大局观与全球视野、重视海洋资源基础性研究与实践、加快人海关系框架下的海洋资源开发模式转换及加强海洋资源理论研究等政策性启示。     

运用税收政策推动科技创新

21世纪是知识经济的时代,知识经济的核心是科技创新。从世界经济发展的历史来看,科技是先进生产力的集中体现和主要标志,一个国家或地区科技水平的高低决定着一个国家或地区的综合实力。面对科技竞争带来的机遇与挑战,大力发展科技创新已经成为我国经济发展的战略选择,而适度的税收优惠政策则可以促进企业进行科技创新的投入。为了实现这一目标,本文采用列表分析的方法,列举了我国目前的科技创新税收政策,并进行分析,并提出了要完善我国科技创新税收优惠政策体系、争取对不发达地区科技创新工作的税收优惠政策支持以及增强科技创新工作税收政策的实施力度的建议。     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Discourse about knowledge‐based economies rarely moves beyond the commercialization of science and engineering, and is locked in the discursive limits of functionalism. We argue that these discourses limit the scope of what knowledge‐based economies might achieve because they are uninformed by an adequate conception of knowledge. In particular, knowledge management and knowledge‐based economy discourse has not included the axiological dimension of knowledge that leads to wisdom. Taking an axiological perspective, we can discuss policy frameworks aimed at producing the social structures needed to bring fully formed and fully functioning knowledge societies into being. We argue that while the dominant discourse of industrial modernity remains rationalist, functionalist, utilitarian and technocratic, knowledge‐based economies will resemble a savant rather than a sage. A wisdom‐based renaissance of humanistic epistemology is needed to avoid increasing social dysfunction and a lack of wisdom in complex technological societies.     

Towards mapping library and information science

In an earlier study by the authors, full-text analysis and traditional bibliometric methods were combined to map research papers published in the journal Scientometrics. The main objective was to develop appropriate techniques of full-text analysis and to improve the efficiency of the individual methods in the mapping of science. The number of papers was, however, rather limited. In the present study, we extend the quantitative linguistic part of the previous studies to a set of five journals representing the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). Almost 1000 articles and notes published in the period 2002–2004 have been selected for this exercise. The optimum solution for clustering LIS is found for six clusters. The combination of different mapping techniques, applied to the full text of scientific publications, results in a characteristic tripod pattern. Besides two clusters in bibliometrics, one cluster in information retrieval and one containing general issues, webometrics and patent studies are identified as small but emerging clusters within LIS. The study is concluded with the analysis of cluster representations by the selected journals.     

国际科技政策计量与可视化分析

科技政策是国家为了实现特定时期的科技发展目标而制定的方针、政策及其相关规定,其核心主要涉及如何为科学行为分配配套的资源,以实现最佳服务于公众利益的目标。本文在结合国内相关研究基础上,基于Web of Science 数据库间70多年(1947-2018)的研究文献,综合利用文献计量学工具和自研系统,全面定量展示了科技政策研究领域的现状、热点及前沿趋势。结果表明,截至2018年该领域研究尚处于成长期,成熟度为3091%;期间共有136个国家（地区）参与该领域研究,排名前5的国家为美国、英国、德国、荷兰和加拿大;6197个相关研究机构中,萨塞克斯大学（英国）、曼彻斯特大学(美国)、乔治亚理工学院（美国）、麻省理工学院（美国）、阿姆斯特丹大学（荷兰）等作品丰富且影响力较大;以“开放创新、企业、生物科技、技术转移、知识产权、专利、三螺旋结构、纳米科技”等突现词代表了该领域的前沿研究方向,值得高度关注。     

国际科技政策计量与可视化分析

 科技政策是国家为了实现特定时期的科技发展目标而制定的方针、政策及其相关规定，其核心主要涉及如何为科学行为分配配套的资源，以实现最佳服务于公众利益的目标。本文在结合国内相关研究基础上，基于Web of Science 数据库间70多年(1947-2018)的研究文献，综合利用文献计量学工具和自研系统，全面定量展示了科技政策研究领域的现状、热点及前沿趋势。结果表明，截至2018年该领域研究尚处于成长期，成熟度为3091%；期间共有136个国家（地区）参与该领域研究，排名前5的国家为美国、英国、德国、荷兰和加拿大；6197个相关研究机构中，萨塞克斯大学（英国）、曼彻斯特大学(美国)、乔治亚理工学院（美国）、麻省理工学院（美国）、阿姆斯特丹大学（荷兰）等作品丰富且影响力较大；以“开放创新、企业、生物科技、技术转移、知识产权、专利、三螺旋结构、纳米科技”等突现词代表了该领域的前沿研究方向，值得高度关注。