供给侧结构性改革背景下技术创新对京津冀产业结构升级调整的影响——基于京津冀1985-2016年面板数据实证考察

党的十八届五中全会确立了“五大”新发展理念,将创新放在首位,其重要性不言而喻。推进京津冀一体化,不断加快产业结构升级调整,更是需要技术创新为其提供强劲的内在动力。本文构建了技术创新作用于产业结构升级调整的理论模型,揭示了技术创新的重要推动作用,进而采用京津冀1985-2016年面板数据进行了实证分析。研究发现,技术创新与京津冀产业结构升级调整呈现显著的正相关关系。教育水平和科技水平的提升,都会加速京津冀产业结构升级调整的步伐,特别是科技水平对于服务业生产率增长的促进作用更加明显。因此,应增加教育和研发支出,强化人力资本培养,以技术创新带动京津冀产业结构升级调整;以制度创新带动技术创新,从而为技术创新提供良好的内部动力和外部环境;以供给侧结构性改革加速技术创新,进一步推进京津冀产业结构的升级调整。     

县域科技信息工作新论

县域科技信息工作,是我国科技信息事业发展大系统中的基础要素。社会主义市场经济体制的运行、世界经济国际化的大趋势,赋予了县域科技信息工作以全新的内涵和外延。县域科技信息工作出现了新的特点(用户组成的社会性、需求内容的多元性、需求产品或服务的优质性、供需关系的矛盾性),应通过实施新的策略(系统发展策略、强基固本策略、价值增殖策略),使全部业务转入以信息资源为基础、信息需求为导向、开发利用为主体的新轨迹。     

高新技术扩散的对数增长曲线模型及实证研究

本文给出了对数增长曲线的一般形式，并通过对扩散数的讨论得出四种不同的高新技术扩散的对数增长曲线模型。利用该模型对国内内燃机车、电力机车替代蒸汽机车的扩散过程进行实证研究，并据以做出预测。结果证明该模型具有形式简单、实用、拟合优度高等优点。     

Household Technology Use: Integrating Household Life Cycle and the Model of Adoption of Technology in Households

Recently, the model of adoption of technology in households (MATH) was developed and tested in the context of household personal computer (PC) adoption. In this study, we apply MATH to predict personal computer (PC) use. We conducted a nationwide survey including 370 households that owned at least one PC. Results indicate that attitudinal beliefs are extremely important in determining use of a PC in the household. In contrast to previous work examining adopters, normative and control beliefs were not significant in predicting use. Furthermore, several determinants of adoption that were important at different stages of the household life cycle were found nonsignificant in predicting use for the same stages of the household life cycle. Overall, the results demonstrate that the belief structure for household PC use is different from that of household PC adoption. Further, the results provide additional evidence regarding the importance of including household life cycle in studies of household technology adoption and use.     

Production technologies and financial performance: The effect of uneven diffusion among competitors

We explore the impact of a production technology on financial performance from the perspectives of technology diffusion and competitive strategy theory. We analyse how diffusion at firm and market levels influences the returns from the technology. We suggest that firm heterogeneity in the level of technology use leads to competitive advantages for relatively intensive adopters. We empirically test our propositions through the analysis of the diffusion of the Automated Teller Machine among Spanish savings banks between 1986 and 2004. Our results show that it is not the absolute but the relative level of use that drives the impact of the technology on profitability. Furthermore, as the technology is more intensively deployed in the market, the profitability of every firm decreases. Interestingly, in our empirical setting, this negative effect eventually leads to an aggregate negative impact on the profitability of the savings banks.     

新世纪以来广东省科技奖励工作发展情况探析

聚焦2000-2019年广东省获得的国家级和省级科技项目成果,从获奖项目的专业领域、创新主体性质、地域来源等信息分析了新世纪以来广东省科技奖励工作的特征.研究发现,广东省科技奖励工作存在地域分布不平衡、个人奖励制度建设缓慢、科技获奖项目后评估缺乏可操作性等问题,因此建议优化个人奖励设置、引导社会力量参评科技奖励、建立符...     

The matilda effect in science: awards and prizes in the US, 1990s and 2000s

Science is stratified, with an unequal distribution of research facilities and rewards among scientists. Awards and prizes, which are critical for shaping scientific career trajectories, play a role in this stratification when they differentially enhance the status of scientists who already have large reputations: the 'Matthew Effect'. Contrary to the Mertonian norm of universalism--the expectation that the personal attributes of scientists do not affect evaluations of their scientific claims and contributions--in practice, a great deal of evidence suggests that the scientific efforts and achievements of women do not receive the same recognition as do those of men: the 'Matilda Effect'. Awards in science, technology, engineering and medical (STEM) fields are not immune to these biases. We outline the research on gender bias in evaluations of research and analyze data from 13 STEM disciplinary societies. While women's receipt of professional awards and prizes has increased in the past two decades, men continue to win a higher proportion of awards for scholarly research than expected based on their representation in the nomination pool. The results support the powerful twin influences of implicit bias and committee chairs as contributing factors. The analysis sheds light on the relationship of external social factors to women's science careers and helps to explain why women are severely underrepresented as winners of science awards. The ghettoization of women's accomplishments into a category of 'women-only' awards also is discussed.     

赢利性与潮流压力对新技术扩散影响的实证研究--以电子商务技术扩散为例

以电子商务技术为例,应用经济学理性选择理论和潮流理论提出了一个赢利性与潮流压力对新技术扩散影响的理论模型和假设,并用制造企业的样本数据对其进行检验。结果表明,赢利性和潮流压力都是影响企业采纳电子商务技术的显著因素,但潮流压力的影响更大,说明潮流压力在推动电子商务技术扩散中有着重要作用。两种因素的影响不是孤立的,两者之间存在明显的交互作用。     

技术进步特征与企业重构

把技术进步看作一个系统过程,从逻辑斯蒂曲线出发,指出技术进步具有三个特点：不确定性、阶段性和技术复杂化;在此基础上,从三方面探讨了技术进步对企业组织变革的影响,即技术进步的不确定性对企业柔性化的影响,技术进步的阶段性对企业集权和分权的影响,以及技术复杂化对企业自组织网络化的影响。研究结论对企业组织设计和变革有一定的指导意义。     

绩效技术在中小学教师教育技术培训中的应用及EPSS的设计

为了促进教育信息化的推进,国家投入巨大成本开展中小学在职教师的教育技术培训。但就目前情形看,培训的效果却与培训要求结果相去甚远。运用绩效技术对培训过程进行了系统化分析并提出了解决方案,同时设计了一个配合解决方案的EPSS。     

中国省会城市极化与扩散效应研究

本文基于增长极理论,利用1994-2009年中国28个省会城市市区与郊县的第二和第三产业的发展数据,综合运用相关分析与曲线拟合法,对各省会城市的极化效应与扩散效应进行了分析研究.分析结论显示,市区与郊县间区域差异程度并非遵照单个倒U模型,而是表现为多个倒U模型的叠加:市区第二产业当前正处于扩散阶段,而第三产业正处于资源汲取阶段;沿海、黄河中游和西南地区的省会城市发挥扩散效应或极化效应所需的区域梯度差明显低于其他区域等结论.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

技术预见方法的探索与实践思考——基于德尔菲法和技术路线图的对接

随着技术预见的发展,德尔菲法和技术路线图作为技术预见的两种重要研究方法,正在出现相互融合的趋势。以上海开展技术预见研究为例,分析德尔菲法和技术路线图的优劣势,并通过整体设计实现德尔菲法与技术路线图法的对接,为技术预见的发展提供新的视角。     

我国基于技术受限的国家关键技术自主创新投资价值模型研究

国家关键技术创新过程如何实施,成为摆在我国决策者面前的一个重大问题.然而,我国包括国家关键技术在内的技术发展活动处于一个复杂和特殊的国际环境中,国外技术强国由于各种原因,对向我国的技术出口设置了严格的限制政策.目前,国内对技术强国技术出口限制因素下的国家关键技术创新模式研究,在理论和方法上还存在着空白点和诸多难点.本文把技术强国对我国技术出口限制因素作为我国国家关键技术发展与创新考虑的重要因素之一,运用NPV方法、实物期权理论方法、外部效应理论方法、连续序贯投资决策理论等理论方法,研究了我国基于技术受限的国家关键技术自主创新投资价值模型.     

国防科技重点实验室技术转移的制约因素及对策

国防科技重点实验室技术转移存在"被动转移""不愿转移""不能转移"等典型问题。在大量调研的基础上,归纳国防科技重点实验室技术转移的制约因素,深入分析制约技术转移的体制性障碍、结构性矛盾和政策性问题。在此基础上提出破解制约因素的对策建议:完善政策体系,优化技术转移生态系统;健全组织体系,建立技术转移基础架构;构建信息平台,促进技术转移供需对接;加强机制创新,拓宽技术转移扩散通道。     

数字图书馆建设中面临的技术挑战及解决方略

本文从世界各国数字图书馆的发展状况及我国数字图书馆的建设现状出发，指出了我国数字图书馆建设中所面临的技术挑战，并提出了应对技术挑战的解决方略。     

汽车新能源领域的太阳能技术应用探析

随着工业格局的不断推进,当前非可再生能源危机问题逐步成为一项社会性议题,极大地限制了工业文明的发展。尤其是当前私家车数量的大幅度增长,日益加重了石油能源消耗量及环境污染问题,进一步激发了社会公众的新能源应用诉求。太阳能作为一种可再生绿色能源,将其应用于新能源汽车范畴有较大的可行性,对于能源危机的缓解及环境污染问题的改善具有实际效能。本文以汽车新能源领域的太阳能技术应用为基本出发点,系统分析了汽车新能源领域的太阳能电池、太阳能混合驱动等技术,针对太阳能新能源的汽车应用现状及未来趋势,展开了进一步实用探讨,以期有效促进新能源技术及应用。     

农户认知视角下广东省农村土地流转意愿与流转行为研究

以广东省为例,基于446份农户调查数据,从农户自身特征、农户家庭特征、农户生活感知、农村社会保障认知、农地政策制度认知、农户金融服务认知6个方面探寻农地流转意愿主要的影响因素,分析其农地流转行为特征与原因,并剖析了流转意愿与流转行为的差异性及其原因.研究结果表明: ①农户的农村社会保障认知显著影响农户土地流转意愿,且和完善农村社保制度相比,稳定的非农就业机会和收入来源更能提高农户农地流转意愿;土地调整制度的相对稳定性并不能提高农户土地流转的意愿,而土地抛荒现象受惩罚可能性越大时,农户土地流转意愿越大;在当前农村信贷金融市场不健全的背景下,农户金融服务认知对农户土地流转意愿影响不显著;②家庭耕地面积越大、家庭年收入越高、收入来源以非农业为主及家庭参加农村社会养老保险等家庭特征能显著提高农户流转意愿,但农户个体特征及对生活的感知对其影响不显著;③样本农户中有土地流转意愿的农户达41.3%,农户土地流转率为33.2%.土地流转形式以出租为主,流转过程中有中介参与,村行政管理部门监督管理土地流转机制不够完善;④广东省农户土地流转的行为特征存在地区差异.与粤东、粤西和粤北相比,珠三角农户的土地流转行为更规范,流转对象更广泛,村行政管理部门监督管理土地流转机制更完善,土地流转行为更有法律意识;⑤农户土地流转参与意愿越强烈,流转行为越容易发生,但调查农户中仍有30%的农户有流转意愿却未发生流转行为,导致农户土地流转意愿与行为差异的主要原因是土地流转的外部环境.     

论新技术新产品开发中的情报保证工作

主要论述了企业新技术新产品开发中情报保证工作的任务、所应遵循的原则及采取的方法和工作的管理、评价等方面的问题。     

Places and Spaces: The Historical Interaction of Technology, Home, and Privacy

While recent developments in information and communication technologies have produced heightened concern over privacy issues, technology and privacy have a long history of interaction. The home has served as a key locus for this interaction. By distinguishing inside from outside, the home supports the allocation of particular behaviors and information to different areas, both physical and virtual. This article explores how different technologies, including structural elements, have affected and reflected over time the boundary represented by the home and how that boundary has helped shape the construction of privacy in the West. This illustrates how privacy might be conceptualized as a social condition arising from the interaction of various boundaries, including the principal one separating the public and the private.