从电子政务到智慧政务:范式转变、关键问题及政府应对策略

探讨电子政务到移动政务,再到智慧政务的不同发展阶段、政务公共服务范式的转变及其表现和特点,重点分析智慧政务面临的关键性问题,进而提出智慧政务时代政府的应对策略。指出智慧政务的建设和发展主要面临着对象和范围的界定、战略规划的制定、数据采集及标准的确定、资金支持和绩效评估等问题,政府应当采取自上而下和先行先试的策略,从目标定位的确立、发展规划的制定和具体的建设思路等方面进行积极应对,最终实现政府公共服务的智能化和政府职能的转变。     

浅谈社群信息学

阐述了网络社会、数字鸿沟和黑客精神这三个概念对社群信息学发展的推动作用;简单讨论了社群信息学的概念,明确了社群信息学与社会信息学的关系及区别,概述了社群信息学的理论意义。     

Fostering Multidisciplinary Engagement: Communication Challenges for Social Research on Emerging Digital Technologies 1

Abstract

There is wide agreement on the value of multidisciplinary social research related to information and communication technologies. This paper provides insights into the dynamics at play in these studies, drawing on an in‐depth analysis of exchanges among an international group of experts from many relevant disciplines who participated in a workshop on research into the social implications of emerging digital technologies. In addition to identifying some distinctive new challenges facing this field, the paper suggests how understanding ways to foster productive engagement in discussing and developing issues and joint work could lead to more useful multidisciplinary partnerships.     

Beyond Access: Psychosocial Barriers to Computer Literacy

Research consistently indicates that Latinos and African-Americans are less likely to own and use computers than either Caucasians or Asians. While conventional wisdom holds that high computer costs and lack of access are the primary reasons for this discrepancy, my ethnographic research with 100 low-income adults reveals three non-cost-related psychosocial obstacles that significantly undermine motivation for acquiring computer skills: “relevance,” “fear,” and “self-concept.” My research thus suggests that a more complex relationship exists between ethnicity, identity, and attitudes associated with computers than previously examined; this relationship may better explain why some people are choosing not to use computers at this time. My research also indicates that while community technology centers (CTCs) play an important role in helping adults overcome their resistances and achieve computer literacy, they are presently an underutilized resource—less than 5% of San Diegans use them to meet their computing needs. Hence, my research also questions why more residents do not avail themselves of these community resources. I conclude that efforts to increase computer literacy in underserved communities must go beyond physical access and connectivity and consider the role of cultural factors.     

网络信息交流方式转移研究：从即时通信到社交网络

本研究以TAM为原型建立了一个考察影响这种变化的概念模型。运用问卷调查和结构方程模型进行实证研究。研究发现,用户的使用经验对感知有用性差异和感知易用性差异具有显著的影响;同时这两者的差异又影响着对可供选择的信息交流方式的接受。可供选择的信息交流方式之间的相似性又对第一个影响关系具有反向调节作用。本研究能促进对用户使用转移行为的理解以及为研发信息交流系统的企业提供参考和建议。     

An Introduction to the Special Issue: Designing for Virtual Communities in the Service of Learning

In the sociology of childhood and youth, children have been conceptualized as passive subjects on hold, still in the process of becoming—rather than in an effective state of being. In effect, children have been conceptualized as the subjects rather than the objects of the research process. This influence got carried over to digital divide research. The latest thinking in the field has started to define and understand children and young people as heterogeneous, nonpassive, autonomous, diverse, and versatile agents actively appropriating the Internet in meaningful contexts of their everyday lives. This article seeks to move the discourse forward via four parallel binary logistic regressions that assess diverse and socially mediated opportunities needed to learn basic digital skills from a representative sample of 6,602 primary and secondary students from 350 schools and high schools in Catalonia, Spain. Our research shows that the school appears to be playing a secondary role, as compared with children and young people's social practice in heterogenic contexts of everyday life, not only for Internet training but also for providing opportunities to develop and master basic digital skills.     

吸收能力、技术差距对国际技术溢出的影响研究: 基于中国电子信息产业的调查数据

摘要：利用中国电子信息产业的企业层次数据,本文对吸收能力、技术差距和国际技术溢出之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究发现,虽然技术差距是影响国际技术溢出的重要因素,但是吸收能力对技术差距与国际技术溢出之间的关系存在着显著的调节效应。这是本研究最有意义的发现,它对于当前只用技术差距等外部因素去解释存在于发展中国家中的不稳定的国际技术溢出现象的模型是一个补充。     

Technology and Globalisation: An Overview

Globalisation is a term too easily used without reference to the basic enabling role of technology. It is the interplay between available technology and the prevailing social processes, especially dominant institutional forms, which has essentially determined the long process of globalisation. This process has gone through phases exhibiting varying core characteristics as production, transport and communications technologies especially have interrelated with the institutional structures of nation states, military forces and firms especially. However, a general trend to geographical and tendentially global expansion has been constant, along with an intensification of information processing and communications capacity. The role of technology has been to enable this physical expansion culminating in globalisation, including the techno-industrial capacity that increasingly drove it through the construction of better and cheaper artefacts.     

2000-2010年间农业院校图书馆服务 "三农"研究论文的统计分析

运用文献计量学的方法,从论文的年代分布、来源期刊、地域分布、主题研究方面对2000-2010年期间农业院校图书馆服务"三农"问题的研究论文进行统计分析,探讨了当前研究中存在的一些问题,给出了一些建议。     

科技计划项目资金子账户——一种从源头改进科技项目资金管理的机制创新

从近些年科技项目资金监管工作实践来看,专项资金专款不专用,弄虚作假、截留、挤占、挪用专项资金等严重问题时有发生,为进一步防范和化解资金使用风险,关口前移,推动监督方式多样化,采取充分利用信息化手段、以及商业银行服务资源,实现经费使用全过程痕迹管理等措施,结合对国内外相关经验借鉴,探索一种从源头改进科技项目资金管理的创新机制,提出在我国建立国家科技计划专项资金子账户的管理方式,以较少管理成本切实维护国家财政资金安全,优化创新环境。     

Intelligent scientific authoring tools: Interactive data mining for constructive uses of citation networks

Many powerful methods and tools exist for extracting meaning from scientific publications, their texts, and their citation links. However, existing proposals often neglect a fundamental aspect of learning: that understanding and learning require an active and constructive exploration of a domain. In this paper, we describe a new method and a tool that use data mining and interactivity to turn the typical search and retrieve dialogue, in which the user asks questions and a system gives answers, into a dialogue that also involves sense-making, in which the user has to become active by constructing a bibliography and a domain model of the search term(s). This model starts from an automatically generated and annotated clustering solution that is iteratively modified by users. The tool is part of an integrated authoring system covering all phases from search through reading and sense-making to writing. Two evaluation studies demonstrate the usability of this interactive and constructive approach, and they show that clusters and groups represent identifiable sub-topics.     

Factors influencing information security management in small- and medium-sized enterprises: A case study from Turkey

The aims of the study were to examine enterprise information security in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bursa, Turkey and to compare the results with similar data gathered from different countries. This study was conducted through questionnaires consisting of 49 questions grouped into 9 sections. The questionnaires were delivered to 97 SMEs in Bursa, Turkey. The companies have been operating for 15.93 ± 11.67 (2-54) years. The number of PCs in the companies and their years of use were in the ranges of 53.51 ± 64.88 (2-240) and 12.47 ± 6.32 (1-30) years, respectively. According to the findings of this study, it can be speculated that when Communications and Operations Management and security policy improve, other security parameters in the companies, such as Organizational, Personnel and Physical and Environmental Securities improve as well. In addition, the results have shown that Turkish companies do not attach as much importance to information technology security as their counterpart companies from different countries do.