“水质工程学Ⅱ”与实际工程相联系的教学改革

“水质工程学Ⅱ”是给排水科学与工程专业的一门主干核心课,云南农业大学建筑工程学院给排水科学与工程专业是以农科为背景,培养面向农村给水、排水的应用型工程师。为了体现专业特色及培养学生的实际工程能力,使学生在有限的课时掌握农村污水处理主要内容和关键技术,对该课程进行教学改革是十分必要的。“水质工程学Ⅱ”采用了与农村污水处理实际工程相联系的教学改革,采用多媒体教学、实际工程讲解及参观、学生分组讨论设计及答辩等方式。不仅可以体现出本专业面向农村发展的专业特色,还可以很大程度上培养学生积极思考、自行创新设计的能力,提高学生将在校学习的理论知识运用到以后实际工作中的能力。     

企业女工程技术人员发展现状、问题及对策

女性工程技术人员是促进我国科技与经济社会发展的重要力量。为反映企业女工程技术人员发展现状、破除她们在职业发展过程中面临的困难和阻碍,本研究采用定量与定性研究相结合的方式开展调研。研究发现,女性在工程技术领域所占的比例持续提升,且发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而女性工程技术人员队伍仍需进一步发展,她们在职业发展上评价较低、专业能力发挥不足、仍面临不公平的对待。国家和组织层面对女性工程技术人员政策关注不足,男性对女性存在能力、性格和成就偏见,养育和家务劳动的社会分工,女性退休年龄的设定,社会激励不足等均是制约女工程技术人员发展的重要原因。针对以上问题和原因分析,结合女工程技术人员的呼声,本研究提出了七点改善建议。     

Developing strategies for the information society

Abstract

Much has been written about the coming Information Society and the possible benefits and problems that could accompany its evolution. However, there is no grand design for the Information Society. Its general shape, speed, and direction are being shaped by a wide variety of forces, only some of which are technological. However, an argument can be made that the lack of a coherent strategy for the evolution of the Information Society may prove dysfunctional in the long run, because it results in ambiguity, confusion, waste, and lost opportunity in both the public and private sectors. In fact, there are many strategic choices that could be taken today which would help shape the future Information Society so as to improve the prospects for overall societal benefits. Five strategic choices in the public sector and five in the private sector are offered as examples of the kinds of actions that would appear to be appropriate today to lay the groundwork for the successful evolution of the Information Society.     

Engineering Organization and the Scientist in World War I: The Search for National Service and Recognition

Abstract

When the United States entered World War I in 1917, there was no elaborate framework for providing scientific advice to the government. Engineers and scientists struggled to find an appropriate mechanism, but the former found themselves subordinated to a scientific community which sought to dominate emerging structures. At stake was not merely the credit for helping win the war, but also an advantage in the coming postwar definition and expansion of industrial research. Scientific leaders sought advantage by making a distinction between ‘engineering research’ and engineering practice, and claiming jurisdiction over the former.     

Barriers to Networked Governments: Evidence from Europe 1

Abstract

Progress towards realizing the full potential of ‘e‐government’—using digital technologies to improve public services and government–citizen engagements—has been slower and less effective than the technologies’ take‐up in spheres such as e‐commerce. Evidence from across Europe reported here, including an online survey and case studies, indicates a significant reason has been an overly narrow focus on substituting electronic for traditional services. Theoretical and empirical perspectives on barriers to e‐government identified (e.g. poor coordination; workplace and organizational inflexibility) suggest greater attention should be given to supporting organization innovations to achieve maximum benefits from networking in the public sector.     

学术期刊微信传播著作权侵权风险分析与防范

[目的]探讨学术期刊微信传播中的侵权问题,以引起学术期刊对微信传播侵权行为的重视。[方法]采用网络调查法和访谈法对学术期刊微信传播著作权侵权问题进行定性研究。[结果]学术期刊微信传播的侵权风险主要来自于微信公众号论文推送以及资讯分享部分未经授权发布作品行为。而公众著作权保护意识淡薄、公众号面临的内容运营压力和微信作品侵权救济困难是学术期刊微信公众号侵权的主要原因。[结论]专业团队集约化经营,建立版权联盟,微信运营商腾讯公司简化举报流程、加强微信抄袭的鉴定分析技术是有效规避学术期刊微信传播侵权风险的手段。     

Knowledge maps: A systematic literature review and directions for future research

ContextNowadays the concept of knowledge mapping has attracted increased attention from scientists in a variety of academic disciplines and professional practice areas. Among the most important attributes of a knowledge map is its ability to increase communication and share common practices across an entire organisation. However, despite being a promising area for research, the knowledge maps community lacks a widespread understanding of the current state of the art.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to explore the world of knowledge mapping by reviewing and analysing the current state of research and providing an overview of knowledge mapping’s concepts, benefits, techniques, classifications and methodologies, which are precisely reviewed, and their features are highlighted. In addition, we offer directions for future research.MethodBased on the systematic literature review method this study collects, synthesises, and analyses numerous articles on a variety of topics closely related to a knowledge map published from January 2000 to December 2013 on six electronic databases by following a pre-defined review protocol. The articles have been retrieved through a combination of automatic and manual search, hence extensive quantitative and qualitative results of the research are provided.ResultsFrom the review study, we identified 132 articles addressing knowledge maps that have been reviewed in order to extract relevant information on a set of research questions. We found a generally increasing level of activity during this 5-year period. We noted that while existing research covers a large number of studies on some disciplines, such as systems and tools development, it contains very few studies on other disciplines, such as knowledge maps adoption. To aid this situation, we offer directions for future research.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that a knowledge map is an imperative strategy for increasing organisations’ effectiveness. In addition, there is a need for more knowledge maps research.     

Research and data-sharing policy in Sweden – neoliberal courses,forces and discourses*

ABSTRACT

The discourse of openness has proved to be a very powerful instrument for promoting new research policies and the (neoliberal) reforms of higher education in all so-called ‘advanced economies’. It has triggered positive democracy-, transparency-, and accountability-related associations when used in the context of politics, fair resource distribution when used in the sphere of public service, and free access to information and knowledge when used in the field of science and higher education. At the same time, international research shows that university autonomy is increasingly being attacked, reduced, and marginalized by the same policies. Power instances outside academia impose new criteria, such as ‘accountability,’ ‘performance,’ ‘quality assurance,’ and ‘good practice.’ They also impose ideas about what good research is, which scientific method is to be prioritized, and what good data are. The process of the de-professionalization, polarization, and proletarianization of the academic profession is increasingly affecting academia. However, none of this has much in common with the open-access discourse. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how this discussion applies to Sweden. Courses, forces, and discourses of the national research infrastructure development policy in general, and qualitative data preservation policy in particular, are described and deliberated.     

中国农业科技成果转化的特点、存在的问题与发展对策

中国农业科技成果转化的特点明显,包括地域性特征明显、基础性与公益服务性突出、转化周期长、影响因素复杂、不确定性和风险大、转化受体类型多样、与发达国家相比具有存在现象的独特性等。中国农业科技成果转化也存在明显的问题,包括:成果的源头产出与供给不足;转化率不高与市场交易不活跃;成果产出主体从事转化的动力与能力不足;成果转化队伍整体素质不高;缺乏适应市场机制的专业化服务性中介队伍;转化受体对农业科技成果的依赖性和重视程度不够;政策法规制度的设计不健全等。文章提出了促进中国农业科技成果转化的发展对策,包括:增强农业科技成果的源头产出与供给能力;鼓励和发挥多种主体推进农业科技成果转化的积极性;提高农民和新型生产经营主体承接成果转化的积极主动性;完善政策法规体系建设和制度设计;加强服务性中介队伍建设,拓展并完善投融资渠道,构建信息服务平台;重点推进若干农业科技成果转化的技术体系建设与领域方向发展;以辩证、系统、开放的观点与态度推进农业科技成果转化。     

人力资源风险管理下的图书馆资格准人制

图书馆组织在运行过程中，会因为人力资源管理失位而使本组织存在遭受损失的可能性。图书馆资格准入制的科学制定和实施，会使这种可能性降低。本文对人力资源风险管理与图书馆资格准入制之间的辩证关系及在这种关系之下的资格准入制的设计作了尝试性的研究。     

Online news comments: Social network and emergent public

Abstract

The research on online news comments has been dominated by a normative approach and has centered on media engagement. Normativity and media dominance have also featured big in the theoretical discussions on the public sphere. This article presents a case study of online news comments, combining a novel methodological testing of social network hypotheses to examine user–user interactions in online comments with a conceptual discussion of the potential connections between social network research and theories of the public. The social network analysis in this study indicated that users (online commentators) do not constitute highly dense networks, although their relations can be studied as social networks. However, this analysis can only explore limited features of this online phenomenon and requires complementary methods. From a conceptual perspective, this article confirms the role of shared issue for a potential public and also emphasizes the importance of context, actors, and meanings for understanding the public.     

The Dilemmas of External Earnings in Public Sector Scientific Research

Governments in a number of developed countries have repositioned their public research agencies to support economic objectives and to alleviate fiscal pressures. This has been accomplished through various strategies, including private-public partnerships and purchaser-provider arrangements. In the 1980s, the Australian Government introduced external earnings targets of up to 30% per annum for its public research agencies, as a means of strengthening their responsiveness to national economic needs. A case study of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization is presented in this article to discuss the impacts of the external earnings policy. Impacts on the type of research being undertaken by public research agencies, the quality of public research-industry relationships, the nature of scientists' work and the role of stakeholders are considered. A number of dilemmas are raised relating to the role of public scientific research.     

Analysis of single comments left for bioRxiv preprints till September 2019

IntroductionWhile early commenting on studies is seen as one of the advantages of preprints, the type of such comments, and the people who post them, have not been systematically explored.Materials and methodsWe analysed comments posted between 21 May 2015 and 9 September 2019 for 1983 bioRxiv preprints that received only one comment on the bioRxiv website. The comment types were classified by three coders independently, with all differences resolved by consensus.ResultsOur analysis showed that 69% of comments were posted by non-authors (N = 1366), and 31% by the preprints’ authors themselves (N = 617). Twelve percent of non-author comments (N = 168) were full review reports traditionally found during journal review, while the rest most commonly contained praises (N = 577, 42%), suggestions (N = 399, 29%), or criticisms (N = 226, 17%). Authors’ comments most commonly contained publication status updates (N = 354, 57%), additional study information (N = 158, 26%), or solicited feedback for the preprints (N = 65, 11%).ConclusionsOur results indicate that comments posted for bioRxiv preprints may have potential benefits for both the public and the scholarly community. Further research is needed to measure the direct impact of these comments on comments made by journal peer reviewers, subsequent preprint versions or journal publications.     

The Digital Divide and Increasing Returns: Contradictions of Informational Capitalism

The spectacular growth of the Internet in Korea has propelled her to the very top of the international rankings based on technology peneration statistics. The resulting international attention and national pride have fostered the notion of “Korea—a strong Internet nation.” The ready embrace of this idea by officials and the public at large has made a critical evaluation almost an anathema. This article reviews the published critiques, which have been rare and scattered, and opens up the “what next” question for an unbounded discussion.     

浅谈材料科学与工程专业化学纤维方向“卓越工程师”课程体系改革

实施卓越工程师教育培养计划是我国高等工程教育的重大改革措施。本文介绍了我校在借鉴国内外高等工程教育成功经验的基础上,根据我国化学纤维行业发展对专业设置的要求,结合我校材料科学与工程专业的现状,以工程技术为主线,着力提高学生的工程意识和工程素质,培养学生的工程实践能力及创新精神。通过整合课程模块,改革实践教学体系,多层次训练学生的工程实践与创新能力,以期为地方高校化纤人才培养提供有益的指导。     

新形势下浸润式思政在工科专业课程中的应用研究

以工科专业课浸润式思政的实现为出发点,立足新形势,从时代需求、行业需求和人才培养需求三个方面探讨了专业课浸润式思政改革的意义;从工科专业课基础理论知识和核心专业知识两个方面,挖掘工科专业课的德育内涵;从教师队伍人文素质提高、教育内容合理选取、教学方法的灵活运用三个维度,规划了浸润式思政教育的实现途径。     

河南省高校专业结构现状分析及调整对策

我国实行高等教育大规模扩招政策以来．已进入了“大众化教育”时代。高等教育专业设置不仅关系到人才培养规格、质量和目标,更关系到整体教育资源的配置和协调,也关系到教育的质量和效益。我省高等教育实现了跨越式发展,但高校专业结构依然是导致就业形势困难的一大主要问题。本文通过对河南省本科类、专科类院校专业设置结构现状描述和分析,指出了症结所在,并提出了相应的调整建议。     

论数字时代学术期刊出版编辑力的提升

[目的]从政府与社会、出版单位和编辑个体三个层面,探索在数字出版时代学术期刊出版编辑力提升的策略与路径。[方法]分析学术期刊的现实困境并指出,复合型人才缺乏,公共出版资源建设不足,出版技术难以转化为出版能力等是数字时代学术期刊出版编辑力没能快速提升的原因。[结果]政府和社会应该从多方面加强政策落实,出版单位应该在坚持传统优势的前提下实施数字发展战略,编辑个体应该加强学习,以积极的心态迎接数字出版的挑战。[结论]学术期刊要抓住政策与环境的机遇,切实加强自身建设,提升出版编辑力,发挥学术期刊对科技文化发展的引领作用。     

药物制剂工程教材选取和建议

药物制剂专业是在药学院开设的相对较新的一个专业,药物制剂工程课程是药剂专业必修课。目前,药物制剂工程教材繁多,因此,根据药物制剂专业特点和学校培养学生的目标,选择合适的制剂工程教材,为更好地培养药剂专业人才服务很有必要。     

Making a Community Network Sustainable: The Future of the Wired High Rise

Much time and money has been committed by governments, private business, and the third sector over the last 5 years in establishing opportunities for underserved populations to gain access to new forms of information and communication technologies, in an effort to overcome the so-called “digital divide.” This article traces the efforts that have been made to establish a networked community at a single high-rise public housing estate in inner Melbourne, Australia, and considers some of the potential opportunities for and barriers to ensuring the continuity of the network, which is large, complex, costly, and potentially fragile, into the future.