小说叙述视角独特价值微探——以《大卫·科波菲尔》《复活》为例

小说叙述视角通常划分为限知视角与全知视角。叙述视角有共性价值,但在不同小说中亦有独特的价值。当下,对叙述视角的套路化分析往往忽视了其独特价值。本文以《大卫·科波菲尔》《复活》为例,探究叙述视角的独特价值与小说艺术特色之间的关系。     

迷雾中的探寻——论《花腔》的叙事交流模式

李洱的长篇小说《花腔》在对民族英雄葛任历史的书写中采取了极为独特的叙述交流模式,叙述者与受述者间的关系、叙述内容的并列、叙述中的明确而又有意味的时间段选取以及叙述中用于解释说明的副本的设置,独特的叙事交流模式与小说的内容相应,使小说的书写目的在寻求历史真相的表层下直指政治话语和人性中的花腔,给人以极深启示。     

叙述与超越——论冯玉雷《敦煌·六千大地或更远》的叙事艺术

冯玉雷长篇小说《敦煌.六千大地或更远》以散点透视的叙述艺术创造了一种丰富的多元化的文本。作品通过叙述视点的不断转换,在叙述中营造出不同的叙述语境,在不同的语境中把自己的目光和笔触伸进现实、历史、人性、爱情、艺术、宗教等不同的生存层面,在叙述中实现精神和思想不断的超越与回越,使文本处于多样化的差别与对立中,从而形成该作品独特的难以把握的具有多义化结构的诗意文本。因而,这部作品在文本创造中形成一种卓越而独特的叙述艺术。     

老舍短篇小说的叙述视角

作为文坛大家的老舍在其短篇小说的创作中形成一种独特的叙述腔调,即坚持以人物为叙述视角,采用外视角的双向流动的叙述方式,由此体现出个体生命的内部活动,完成对人物的全方位塑造.     

对苦难历史的奇特叙述--评中篇小说《肚子的记忆》

在以历史苦难为题材的大量文学作品中,<肚子的记忆>采用了一种奇特新颖的叙述角度,即通过苦难遗留给"肚子"的记忆切入主题,其中叙述视角的设计尤为独特.     

叙述者干涉下的视角转换对情感建构的影响

中西方戏剧在叙述方式间的差异使得中国传统戏剧中的收尾诗成为了中国戏曲的独特风景。本文从叙述学角度,分析了《牡丹亭》中收尾诗的翻译过程中视角转换、视角越界和叙述者干涉等因素对译本情感建构的影响。     

《老残游记》的叙述视角分析

<老残游记>独特的叙述视角表现在两个方面:第一、限知视角的运用;第二、传统小说.全知式'叙述视角的因袭.这种特殊的叙述视角的形成和晚清小说家的创新精神和传统叙事模式的影响等因素相关.由于小说独特的叙述视角,小说呈现出传统小说向现代小说转变的过渡性特征.     

《叔叔的故事》的叙事解读

中篇小说《叔叔的故事》具有独特的叙述模式。在故事层面上被完全解构成了一个不确定叙述,在叙述层面上也是由于叙述者的独特位置,视角的选择、以及它的元小说因素,在小说叙事层面上也造成了一定的颠覆与解构。但这样一个颠覆性文本却在小说叙述形式以及对历史对永恒人幽的探寻上都开创了更为广阔的空间,使得这篇小说具有了耐人咀嚼的韵味。     

繁华落尽见真纯——浅谈汪曾祺新时期小说的叙事艺术

汪曾祺新时期的小说以其背离主流政治的主题和题材在新时期文学中占据特殊的位置,并使其与其他的新时期小说家们异趣。作为＂散文化小说＂叙述的个案,他重接现代抒情小说传统,同时保持他的小说中对风俗画描写的独立意义。以其独特的叙述视角、结构方式、语言表达、短篇行文为他在新时期文坛上寻觅到了独特的位置。     

试探《黑暗的心》叙述的艺术

本文从普林斯、布恩等人对叙述、叙述者及叙述接受者等理论角度,分析了约瑟夫·康德拉的《黑暗的心》。该作品的叙述角度复杂,叙述方式独特。在这部小说中,约瑟夫·康德拉采用了小说中的人物马洛,作为主要人物和事件的观察者、参与者和叙述者,使该小说更具有真实性。本文同时分析了小说中故事内叙述者和第一人称叙述者的功能。     

钦州湾表层海水温度盐度及pH值时空变化

根据2009年春夏秋冬4个季节调查资料,分析钦州湾表层海水温度、盐度及pH值的季节变化和分布特征。结果表明：钦州湾海水平均温度春季20．4℃,夏季30．1℃,秋季16．0℃,冬季14．6℃,变化特征与气温的季节变化相同,空间分布为夏秋季河口区的水温都略高于湾口区,而春冬季则相反。海水平均盐度春季20．067,夏季17．975,秋季23．864,冬季23．660,表现为秋季〉冬季〉春季〉夏季,各季节空间分布总体表现为河口区低,湾口区高的趋势。海水pH平均值春季7．82,夏季8．11,秋季8．01,冬季8．10,全年空间分布高值区均出现在大风江口外海域。钦州湾海水比较适宜大蚝、对虾、文蛤等广温广盐性品种的海水养殖。     

20世纪90年代我国区域高等教育公平与效率变化的实证研究

公平和效率是各国高等教育发展中存在的重要问题之一。一般认为公平和效率在理论上和宏观上是可以统一的，并能够得到协调发展和可持续发展。然而，从微观和实践层面上分析却往往会发现存在一种矛盾现象，似乎是一个不可调和的两难问题。我国省(市)高等教育发展的公平与效率就是当前急需关注的一个典型的、具体的问题。通过对反映我国1999年和2000年各省(市)高等教育和经济发展状况的多指标进行聚类、相关等统计分析，考察了我国20世纪90年代高等教育区域公平和效率的发展变化特征，并通过对二者量化关系的揭示，对我国省(市)20世纪90年代高等教育公平与效率问题进行了实证分析和评估，并对我国未来省(市)高等教育的进一步发展提出了相应的对策和建议。     

A comparative examination of schools' responses to bereavement and the associated needs of the school community in Galway,West of Ireland and Derry,Northern Ireland

The aim and objective of this study is to examine and compare how schools in Galway, Republic of Ireland and Derry in the North of Ireland (cities located within two independent jurisdictions in Ireland) manage and respond to bereavement. To carry out a survey of schools, the ‘Loss in Schools’ questionnaire is considered the most suitable tool. The questionnaire, which contains 10 questions designed to unearth pertinent issues including the needs and concerns of schools, had previously been administered in studies in Hull. Sixty questionnaires were administered in both Galway and Derry, with a return of 38 and 35, respectively. This study illuminates important aspects of the topic. The schools in both Galway and Derry rate bereavement (and parental separation) as highly important in terms of priorities. In terms of policy, some of the respondents in both study sites report that loss is included in their school's policy documents but not formally included in the curriculum. A designated staff member (who would speak to the pupil experiencing the death of a family member or significant other) is evident in 37% of Derry schools and 23% of Galway schools. Some members of staff in both study sites have attended training in bereavement, although the courses are relatively short term. Schools request assistance from other agencies outside the formal schools arena in times of need. In Galway the psychology services are most commonly consulted, while in Derry the Western Education and Library Board Bereavement Counselling teams and Cruse Bereavement Care are identified as additional resources from which help is sought. This paper outlines recommendations on schools' training needs in the area of child bereavement and the request for support to help further develop and formalise school policies.     

Trust in top management and immediate supervisor: The relationship to satisfaction,perceived organizational effectiveness,and information receiving

Utilizing 2068 individuals in 60 organizations in the U.S. and Italy, this study (a) examines the overall relationship between trust in top management and immediate supervisor and overall estimates of satisfaction and perceived organizational effectiveness, (b) compares the amount of variance in satisfaction and effectiveness that can be explained by trust in top management to the amount of variance explained by trust in immediate supervisor, and (c) clarifies the role of information receiving as a predictor of trust in top management and immediate supervisor. Results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that the canonical equation explained 49% of the variance in the linear composites (Canonical R = .69, p < .001). Trust in top management was more strongly associated with satisfaction and effectiveness than was trust in immediate supervisor. Tzvo separate multiple regression analyses indicated that after controlling for geographic location of company and type of industry, information received about job and organizational issues uniquely explained 26% of the variance in trust in top management and 13% of the variance in trust in immediate supervisor.     

Towards Inclusion? Models of Behaviour Support in Secondary Schools in One Education Authority in Scotland

This article draws on data emerging from an evaluation of behaviour support strategies in secondary schools in an education authority in Scotland. The authors all work at the University of Glasgow. Jean Kane has research and teaching interests in the area of special educational needs; she offers consultancy to local authorities in the development of inclusive policies and practices in schools. Dr George Head has research and teaching interests in the area of social, emotional and behavioural difficulties and social inclusion; he is also an experienced teacher. Both Jean Kane and George Head are lecturers in the Faculty of Education. Nicola Cogan is a researcher at the Strathclyde Centre for Disability Research and has a background as a research psychologist in the health sector.
In Scotland, the growth of behaviour support provision is closely related to broader policy on social inclusion. It is argued in this article that new models of behaviour support can be developed in the light of previous and related experience in the development of inclusive support systems in schools. The authors present a typology of behaviour support, drawing upon their evaluation of provision, and discuss the characteristics of the types of support that emerge. Using data from exclusion statistics, pupil case studies and interviews with teachers, managers, pupils and parents, Jean Kane, George Head and Nicola Cogan explore the implications of their work for future developments in support for pupils who present difficult behaviours.     

北京话旁称代词的历时嬗变（1750—1950）（上）

自18世纪中叶到20世纪中叶,北京话旁称代词系统在句法、语义上呈现出了比较明显的发展变化,这种发展变化在三个时期的三部典型的北京话文献《红楼梦》《儿女英雄传》《正红旗下》中得到了充分的反映。就旁称代词系统而言,历时嬗变的发生轨迹是：由18世纪中叶的＂别人、人家、别人家、他人、旁人＂阵容切换到了19世纪中叶的＂人家、别人、他人、旁人＂阵容,并最终切换到了20纪中叶的＂别人、人家＂阵容,期间的此消彼长、删汰整合昭然。就旁称代词个体而言,历时嬗变的发生轨迹是：1.＂别人＂由18世纪的炙热到19世纪的没落,再到20世纪的重新走强;2＂.人家＂由18世纪的初露锋芒到19世纪的首度大大超越＂别人＂而一枝独秀,再到20世纪与＂别人＂的平分天下;3＂.他人＂这个曾经在相当长的时段内的旁称代词家族的宠儿由18世纪的颓势已现到19世纪的英雄末路,直至20世纪的难觅踪影;4.不温不火一路走来的＂旁人＂由18世纪的衰落到19世纪的走向没落,直至20世纪的淡出我们的视线;5.产生于元代的＂别人家＂由18世纪的衰弱到19世纪的没落,直至20世纪的只留存在部分方言中而在北京话中彻底消亡。     

水彩画中的光影魅力

从文艺复兴时期的写实水彩画到当代的趣味性水彩画,光与影一直伴随其间。通过对西方水彩画发展历史的概述和15、16世纪的德国,18、19世纪的英国,20世纪的美国等几个时期在光影处理方面具有鲜明特点的水彩艺术大师的作品分析,研究其光影处理技巧在作品中和所在时期创作中的作用,可以探索光影运用发展的意义,感悟水彩画中的光影魅力。     

Students' Argumentative Writing Skills in Science and First-Language Education: Commonalities and differences

The ability to build arguments is a crucial skill and a central educational goal in all school subjects including science as it enables students to formulate reasoned opinions and thus to cope with the increasing complexity of knowledge. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined the domain-specificity of argumentative writing in science by comparing it with a rather general type of argumentation as promoted in first-language education and with formal reasoning to gain insight into different forms of argumentation on theoretical and empirical levels. Using a paper-and-pencil test, we analyzed written argumentations and the reasoning abilities of 3,274 Grade-10 students in German secondary schools. Correlation and multiple regression analyses as well as a qualitative analysis of students' answers to a subset of tasks in the domains of science and first-language education were conducted. Results showed moderate relations between argumentation in science, argumentation in first-language education, and reasoning. Half of the variance in argumentation in science was explained by individual differences in argumentation in first-language education and reasoning. Furthermore, the examination of written arguments revealed differences, for example, in students' weighing of pros and cons. We assume that the familiarity of the underlying scientific information may play an essential role in the argumentation process and posit that it needs to be investigated in more detail. Overall, the study indicates that investigating the argumentational abilities of learners in first-language education and reasoning abilities can help to shed light on the domain-specificity of argumentation in science.     

公平与均衡：发展中国家教育变革的体制探析

均衡发展是发展教育的本质要求。教育体制在很大程度上直接规定了教育体系存在、运行和发展的基本方式,制约着教育资源的开发、配置以及教育各项社会功能的实现。世界各国教育存在方式和发展模式上的种种不同都相对集中地反映在其教育体制上。文章从体制层面来探析发展中国家的教育变革,力图为发展中国家教育变革的公平与均衡提供体制性保障,促进发展中国家的教育发展。     

港台作家作品中的熟语变异现象之我见

用普通话写作的港台作家作品中所用的熟语受到港台话的影响而发生变异。本讨论共同语的熟语在港台话中的语形变异和语义变异，提出并讨论其变异的方式，以求其沟通普通话和港台话对同义或同形熟语的相互理解。