论高校教师素质及提高途径

提高教师素质是当代教育发展的必然趋势,高校教师应具备高尚的思想道德素质、创造性的思维素质、扎实的业务素质、健康的身心素质。提高教师素质应加强教师师德建设,加大岗位培训力度,搞好学科带头人的培养和选拔,改善教师工作、学习和生活条件。     

Staff Development: Theory and Practice

The importance of strategic planning in education has been increasingly recognised but observations of school principals have shown that little time is apparently devoted to reflective planning. This case study of a secondary college principal, aimed to discover if the reflective practitioner exists by extending non‐participant observation to include the content and timing of a principal's thinking periods. The evidence from observation was also used to find out if planned strategies were translated into actions.     

Staff Working Parties: A Policy for Increased Productivity

This article presents findings of research into the quality control (QC) of schools from 2001–2006. In 2001 several targets for QC were set and the progress of 939 primary schools is presented. Furthermore, using cluster analysis, schools are classified into four QC-types that differ in their focus on school (self) evaluation and school improvement. Accordingly, the progress of those four types of quality control from 2001 to 2006 is shown. Next, regression analyses have been conducted to find predictors of school progress in QC. Finally, attitudes of schools towards external quality control will be discussed.     

Quality assurance,the educational standards debate,and the commodification of educational research

ABSTRACT

The idea of quality assurance dominates educational discourse at the present time. This is reflected in the emphasis placed on test and examination results, inspections and school performance indicators. It is argued in this article that this is not simply an attempt to legitimate traditional conceptions of knowledge. It is also an attempt to construct a new narrative of knowledge. School effectiveness research is an example of this as it applies a performativity criterion to educational research methodology. The article concludes by suggesting that action research may be subordinated to the logic of performativity, and as a result is less able to fulfil its proper purpose which is to create the conditions for innovative experiments in education.     

美国学校效能研究的回顾与反思

提高教育质量是教育改革中持久不衰的话题,20世纪80年代以来,美国经历了新一轮的教育改革高潮,在这个过程中,学校效能研究的开展为这场改革提供了知识基础、政策来源和实践指导,并形成了一种以实证研究为先导的美国教育政策制订的新模式.尽管学校效能研究也不断遭到各方面的批评,但学校效能研究所取得的巨大成果以及它所带来的政策模式的变化,却是众所公认的知识和经验的财富,值得我们学习和参考,其研究中的不足也值得我们借鉴和克服.本文通过对美国学校效能研究的发展历程的回顾和分析,探讨其经验与教训,反思其不足.     

贵阳市高校退休教师体育活动现状的调查与分析

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等多种研究方法,对贵阳市高校退休教师全民健身计划开展现状进行调查,并对调查结果进行分析与研究,提出应进一步加大宣传力度,使高校退休教师树立和提高体育健身和体育消费的观念,带动整个社会的全民健身运动更好地发展,还应加大投入资金力度,增设一些退休教师喜欢参与的体育项目的场地和设施,为退休教师参加体育锻炼提供一个安全的、丰富多彩的活动空间。     

Developing Attitudes towards Science Measures

In this study, we describe the development of measures used to examine pupils’ attitudes towards science. In particular, separate measures for attitudes towards the following areas were developed: learning science in school, practical work in science, science outside of school, importance of science, self‐concept in science, and future participation in science. In developing these measures, criticisms of previous attitude studies in science education were noted. In particular, care was taken over the definition of each of the attitude constructs, and also ensuring that each of the constructs was unidimensional. Following an initial piloting process, pupils aged 11–14 from five secondary schools throughout England completed questionnaires containing the attitude measures. These questionnaires were completed twice by pupils in these schools, with a gap of four weeks between the first and second measurements. Altogether, 932 pupils completed the first questionnaire and 668 pupils completed the second one. Factor analysis carried out on the resulting data confirmed the unidimensionality of the separate attitude constructs. Also, it was found that three of the constructs—learning science in school, science outside of school, and future participation in science—loaded on one general attitude towards science factor. Further analysis showed that all the measures showed high internal reliability (Cronbach’s α > 0.7). A particular strength of the approach used in this study was that it allowed for attitude measures to be built up step‐by‐step, therefore allowing for the future consideration of other relevant constructs.     

昆明市中学教师教育科研状况的调查分析与思考

通过对昆明市中学教师进行开放式问卷调查，了解了昆明市中学教师教育科研的现状。根据调查结果，从四个方面认真分析和思考了当前昆明市中学教师教育科研方面存在的问题，提出了一些如何通过教育科研提高中学教师素质的建议和要求。     

Attitudes and Communications about Wildlife

Abstract

In order to determine the effects of sex, grade level, region, and academic preparation on energy opinions, selected items from Kuhn's revision of Wert's Energy Opinionnaire were constructed into a criterion measure on total score and three sub-scale scores. The Ss were 251 secondary school students from two regions of the country and an academically prepared class of secondary students enrolled in a course entitled “Science and the Economics of Energy.” The data were analyzed first to compare selected chi-square results of the study with results reported by Kuhn and to compare Alpha Statements. The second phase included the use of ANOVA and Scheffe Comparisons. In general, there were significant differences in ANOVA results by sex, region of the country and, to some extent, academic preparation. There were no significant results by grade level or conservation.     

The school effectiveness movement: origins,shortcomings and future possibilities

ABSTRACT

This paper argues that the school effectiveness/school improvement movement has provided an antidote to the pessimism and fatalism of the 1970s. However, it is deficient in four important respects: (1) it places too much emphasis on the notion of progressive school management as the dynamic of change; (2) it fails to take full account of the characteristics of the education system as a whole; (3) it shows little regard for issues of social class; (4) it has little to say about issues of curriculum content and pedagogy.     

关于打造一流教师队伍的思考和实践

只有教师不断成长和发展,才有学生的不断成长和发展。因此,作为学校管理者,必须有＂教师第一＂的思想。在打造一流教师队伍的过程中,校长要率先垂范,引领教师铸造＂硬功＂,彰显＂外功＂,打造＂内功＂;要用制度增强教职工的认同感、归属感,形成共同的价值追求;对于处于不同发展期的教师,学校应采取不同的引领方式和策略。     

地方教育科研人员的定位和科研指导

地方教育科研人员要找到自己的生存和发展空间,必须在多个坐标系中选择独有的价值定位,进而在实践中明确和落实自己的功能定位、目标定位、操作定位、着力点定位,从而全面地建立自己的比较优势.教育科研指导的10种操作模式是可以参照的,但关键在于要从厘定核心价值观、形成个人教育理论、改善指导技巧、积淀实践智慧、提升个人品牌等5个方面着手提升科研指导力.     

老一代优秀高校英语教师发展因素研究

为了进一步理解我国老一代优秀高校英语教师的发展因素,我们对我国某外语院校的30位优秀离退休教授进行了访谈.研究表明,老一代优秀高校英语教师的发展因素包括新教师选拔、新教师业务培训、老教师传帮带、教师自我反思等环节.对老一代优秀高校英语教师的发展因素进行研究,有助于挖掘和保护老一代教师留下的宝贵财富,并有效指导当前英语教师教育的改革与实践.     

A study of practical‐moral knowledge in science teaching: Case studies in physical science classrooms

This study further extends a conceptual framework that explores science teaching as a “practice” not reducible to the application of formal knowledge, but as informed by teachers' practical‐moral knowledge. A hermeneutic model was developed to examine practical‐moral knowledge indirectly by investigating teachers' commitments, interpretations, actions, and dialectic interactions between them. The study also aimed to analyze teachers' actions in terms of their interpretations and commitments as they realize “internal goods” of their practice. Ethnographic case studies of three science teachers were conducted through classroom observation, in‐depth interviews and dialogues, and artifact analysis. A commitment of preparing students for national exams was common to the three teachers but was manifested differently in classroom practices. This commitment originated from interpretations about the duty of “good” teachers not letting students and schools down. Other emergent commitments were commitments: to conceptual understandings, to “challenge” learners, and to social modeling. We present each with associated interpretations and actions. The concepts of practical wisdom (phronesis) and gap closing are used to characterize teachers' practical knowledge and its development respectively. Implications for teacher education are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 929–951, 2010     

Attending to changing landscapes: Shaping the interwoven identities of teachers and teacher educators †

Teachers, in Canada and elsewhere, live and work on school landscapes being shifted by globalization, immigration, demographics, economic disparities and environmental changes. Within those landscapes teachers find themselves struggling to compose lives that allow them to live with respect and dignity in relation with children, youth and families. In places in Canada, increasing numbers of teachers are leaving after only a few years of teaching. In this paper we take up questions about the stories teachers tell of their leaving and about what we can learn about our work as teacher educators from listening to, and inquiring into, their stories. Considering the inter-relatedness of our lives as teacher educators with teachers, we also inquire into our shifting landscapes as teacher educators. We discuss possible spaces we might collaboratively shape with teachers as they, and we, attempt to sustain our stories to live by on these shifting landscapes.     

Status of University Students in Relation to High-School Courses

Abstract

The possibility of a relationship between the authoritarianism and morale of teachers and the authoritarian level of their administrators is considered in this study. The California F-Scale and Purdue Teacher Opinionaire (PTO) were administered to a population of 273 elementary teachers and twenty principals. Faculties of administrators with high F-Scale scores did not differ in authoritarianism or morale from faculties under principals scoring low. Comparison of F-Scale scores to morale factors did reveal significant relationships. The factor of age consistently showed significant influence on other variables. Older teachers scored much higher in morale factors and authoritarianism than did younger teachers. This leads the author to suspect a selection process in which anti-authoritarian teachers leave teaching.     

教师认知研究回溯与思考:对教师教育之意涵

教师认知研究在过去二十多年中是国际上教师教育研究的一个重要领域。随着理论视角与范式的变化,其研究的内容在不断演变扩展:从教师的临床信息加工,到教师的知识与信念、教师反省思维与专业发展,再到教师的建构性学习;研究方法也从实验操控和定量分析发展为包括人种志调查、叙事探究在内的各种手段。这些变化对推动我国教师教育研究与发展具有重要意义。     

A dynamic approach to school improvement: main features and impact

This paper refers to the dynamic approach to school improvement (DASI) which attempts to contribute to the merging of educational effectiveness research and school improvement. The main underlying assumptions and the implementation phases of DASI are discussed. Moreover, a study aiming to compare the impact of DASI in helping schools to reduce bullying is presented. The results reveal that DASI has a stronger impact on improving school factors and reducing bullying than other approaches to school improvement. Suggestions for further research investigating the sustainability of DASI on school effectiveness are provided and policy implications are drawn.     

特殊教育学校数学教师知识结构:现状、成因及对策研究

通过问卷、听课、访谈调查,了解特殊教育学校数学教师知识掌握情况。统计结果表明,特殊教育学校数学教师对知识的掌握程度依次为数学知识、教育学与心理学知识(两者之间没有显著性差异)、其它知识。与普通小学数学教师知识掌握情况进行对比,在数学基础理论、数学思想方法、数学新课程和教学、数学学习认知与心理等方面的知识有显著性差异,知识结构欠合理,深度与广度上存在明显缺失。特殊教育学校数学教师应树立终生教育的理念,顺应特殊教育课程改革的需要,在知识发展的目标、内容、方式、保障机制等方面制定对策,以促进知识的发展。     

Concepts,policies and practices of teacher education: an analysis of studies on teacher education in Portugal

Education policies, and in particular those related to teacher education, are central to the construction of Europe as a knowledge society and for facing the social and economic challenges that European countries must respond to in this millennium. This article presents an analysis of studies on the evaluation of in-service teacher education conducted in Portugal since 1992. Based on the results of this analysis, the study develops a reflection on the concepts, policies and practices of in-service teacher education, contextualising it within a wider equation related to teachers’ education in Europe. The study consisted of content analyses of scientific articles, research reports, studies of evaluation and legal documents that provide the guidelines for in-service teacher education in Portugal. At the end, a final reflection and some general recommendations for teacher education are presented. There is a focus on the importance of placing in-service teacher education at the centre of educational contexts and on the problems that this causes in teachers’ work, emphasising its importance for social justice in Europe.