试论师范院校英语专业的职业技能课程设置

师范院校英语专业的职业技能课程存在课程设置不太科学、课时分配不太合理、技能训练不太充分等问题。这无疑会影响教学质量和培养目标,因而必须尽快解决。为此,可在提高认识的基础上重点抓住增设与职业技能课程相关的边缘学科课程、增强“英语教学法”课程的教学功能、增加技能训练的教学活动等几个环节,使既有问题得以逐步解决,使课程设置形成科学系统,以保证教学目的和培养目标的实现。     

The role of orthography in oral vocabulary learning in Chinese children

Previous research has shown that the presence of English word spellings facilitates children’s oral vocabulary learning. Whether a similar orthographic facilitation effect may exist in Chinese is interesting but not intuitively obvious due to the character writing system representing morphosyllabic but not phoneme-size information, and the more direct semantic-orthography mapping but less consistent orthography and pronunciation correspondence in Chinese. The current study aims to examine whether semantic and phonological information provided by character radicals affects oral vocabulary learning of Chinese children. Twenty-four second graders studied made-up associations between 12 spoken labels and pictures accompanied either by accurate phonological information characters, misleading phonological information characters, or no orthography. Half of phonologically accurate or misleading characters were semantically accurate or misleading. Pictures prompted recall of spoken labels without orthography present on tests. Results showed that exposure to characters which accurately represent sounds and meanings during learning did not enhance recall of the spoken labels compared to no orthography in early trials. But exposure to characters, which misrepresent sounds and meanings, significantly impeded vocabulary learning compared to no orthography.     

国学教育与素质教育

本文主要论述了国学教育的必要性与可行性，阐明了国学教育与素质教育的关系。旨在消除国人对素质教育和国学教育的错误认识。     

Changing the Metacognitive Orientation of a Classroom Environment to Stimulate Metacognitive Reflection Regarding the Nature of Physics Learning

Problems persist with physics learning in relation to students' understanding and use of representations for making sense of physics concepts. Further, students' views of physics learning and their physics learning processes have been predominantly found to reflect a ‘surface’ approach to learning that focuses on mathematical aspects of physics learning that are often passed on via textbooks and lecture-style teaching. This paper reports on a teacher's effort to stimulate students' metacognitive reflection regarding their views of physics learning and their physics learning processes via a pedagogical change that incorporated the use of a representational framework and metaphors. As a consequence of the teacher's pedagogical change, students metacognitively reflected on their views of physics and their learning processes and some reported changes in their views of what it meant to understand physics and how they might learn and understand physics concepts. The findings provide a basis for further explicit teaching of representational frameworks to students in physics education as a potential means of addressing issues with their physics learning.     

Using metaphor to probe students' conceptions of chemistry learning

Changing students' views of themselves as learners and the learning strategies they use requires methods to make their views regarding teaching, learning and their roles as learners explicit to themselves and to teachers. This was an interpretive study that investigated students' metaphors for themselves as learners within a Year 11 chemistry classroom. Students' metaphors were found to be congruent with their views of learning and their learning processes as evidenced from multiple data sources. In making students' views explicit, metaphors can provide valuable information for practicing teachers and researchers who aim to investigate and enhance students' learning processes and encourage metacognition.     

大学生性心理及性行为现状研究——以浙江省金华市为例

采用自编性心理和性行为调查问卷,以金华市742名大学生为有效被试,从性心理、性行为、性观念、性教育四个方面对当前大学生性心理及性行为现状进行调查。结果表明,大学生性心理发展的主流是积极健康的。但仍有一定数量的学生性心理混乱或错误,学校有必要开展系统正规的性教育。     

关于现实社会中儿童学习若干现象的检讨——以“科学数学观”视域下数学学习为案例分析

现实社会中"科学数学观"视域下儿童的数学学习,其"学习数学就是为了上一所好幼儿园、小学、初中、高中,乃至大学""学习数学只要天天有所进步就值得肯定乃至鼓励""学习数学看书总比不看好,多看总比少看强"等极端表现,值得从"综合数学观"的立场来批判反思."科学数学观"视数学学习为一个"吸收与准备"的活动或阶段,是为其它学科学习或未来社会生活与职业生涯做准备、而学习人类此前所创造的"客观具体与普遍有效"的数学规律的教育活动或人生阶段."综合数学观"视域下的数学学习非常强调数学本身及其发生、发展过程中诸多主观、不确定、差异性和多样性等丰富资源。     

Cultural Perspectives on Teaching and Learning: A collaborative self-study of two professors' first year teaching experiences

In this collaborative self-study, two first-year assistant professors examine their views of teaching and learning from two cultural perspectives. Drawing from multiple data sources, including reflective analyses of teaching, monthly peer-support meetings, and the Students Opinion Information Survey, the study explores the differences in views of teaching and learning between Chinese and American cultures and how these differences affected our teaching practices. By exchanging views of teaching and learning, two first-year professors gained a more profound understanding of their own cultures and identified the strengths in each culture in order to provide better instruction to their students.     

High school students’ approaches to learning physics with relationship to epistemic views on physics and conceptions of learning physics

Background and purpose : Knowing how students learn physics is a central goal of physics education. The major purpose of this study is to examine the strength of the predictive power of students’ epistemic views and conceptions of learning in terms of their approaches to learning in physics. Sample, design and method : A total of 279 Taiwanese high school students ranging from 15 to 18?years old participated in this study. Three questionnaires for assessing high school students’ epistemic views on physics, conceptions of learning physics and approaches to learning physics were developed. Step-wise regression was performed to examine the predictive power of epistemic views on physics and conceptions of learning physics in terms of their approaches to learning physics. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that, in general, compared to epistemic views on physics, conceptions of learning physics are more powerful in predicting students’ approaches to learning physics in light of the regression models. That is, students’ beliefs about learning, compared with their beliefs about knowledge, may be more associated with their learning approaches. Moreover, this study revealed that the higher-level conceptions of learning physics such as ‘Seeing in a new way’ were more likely to be positively correlated with the deep approaches to learning physics, whereas the lower-level conceptions such as ‘Testing’ were more likely to positively explain the surface approaches, as well as to negatively predict the deep approaches to learning physics.     

The interplay of scientific epistemological views,learning strategies,and attitudes of college students

This paper focuses on research that illustrates the important interplay between students' scientific epistemological views and their learning strategies. We address the problem of facilitating meaningful science learning as contrasted to rote memorization, which is practiced by many students and encouraged by instructional and evaluation practices. We show that when metacognitive tools are used to facilitate meaningful learning, positive consequences in learning of subject matter, attitudes toward science, and epistemological views can emerge. Positivistic epistemology continues to be the subtle enemy to encouraging meaningful learning and constructivist views of the nature of science and knowing. If you're a scientist, you can say that all knowledge is scientific and everything can be based on fact and experiment. I've taken so many science classes that I've started to believe that.     

建构主义理论与教学改革——建构主义学习理论综述

建构主义是行为主义发展到认知主义以后的进一步发展。经过长期的理论探索和教学实践,逐步形成了独具特色的学习理论体系。建构主义的学习理论的许多观点和主张具有合理性,对教育改革实践具有借鉴意义。但部分建构主义者的某些观点阐述往往从一个极端走向了另一个极端。我们应该坚持以辩证唯物主义的观点为指导,批判地吸收建构主义学习理论的合理解释。     

Making sense of research-based learning in teacher education

Research-based learning challenges teacher educators to rethink pedagogical strategies, particularly so in a context where views about the role of research in pre-service teachers' professional development are contested. The views of academics implementing a research-based learning course in teacher education are examined through qualitative semi-structured interviews in order to understand how learning autonomy is fostered. Variation was found in what teacher educators thought the course was intended to achieve and in their teaching strategies. The basis for pedagogical decision-making appeared to be their own research learning experiences. Implications for teacher education and for implementing research-based learning more generally are discussed.     

VAKing out learning styles—why the notion of ‘learning styles’ is unhelpful to teachers

The notion of learning styles, and the multiple intelligence theory from which some of this derives, has come to be one of the dominant themes in the discourse on learning and teaching. This article argues that much of the language associated with this recent educational phenomenon is misleading for teachers. The author argues that instead of drawing attention to how children learn and the tools and processes of learning, learning style theories have led to pupils being labelled as being particular types of learners. The article argues for a more sustained debate on the notion of learning styles that will encourage teachers to interrogate underlying concepts more deeply.     

Development of a scale on learners' views on blended learning and its implementation process

The purpose of this study was to extend the evaluation of learners' views on blended learning and its implementation process by developing and validating an objective assessment instrument. Cronbach' alpha, item analysis and item discrimination indices, principal component analysis, varimax rotation, and discriminant validity were used to measure the reliability and validity of the scale. A 50-item refined version of the scale was found to be highly reliable and of reasonable length.Further refinement was made based on principal component analysis. This indicated two major components, which facilitate the elicitation of learners' views on blended learning and its implementation process in relation to the complexity levels of the learning process.The scale is recommended to identify individual's views on blended learning and its implementation process and thus, to contribute to the improvement of a blended learning environment for learners.     

论高校知识产权评估的对象及其法律影响因素

以我国现行法的相关规定为依据，集中探讨了高校知识产权评估的对象和影响知识产权评估的法律因素两个问题，以期纠正长期以来对知识产权评估工作的一些模糊认识。     

The interaction of learning environments and student discourse about knowing,learning, and the nature of science: Two longitudinal case studies

This is one of a series of studies conducted by a high school physics teacher, who used constructivist referents to plan and enact the curriculum, and to understand and improve the learning environment in his physics classes. Data were collected in the course of a two-year physics course including (a) repeated administrations of a classroom learning environment survey, (b) written essays on the topics of knowing, learning, and classroom learning environment, and (c) interviews. While there was a general trend for students to adopt more constructivist views of knowing and learning, there was also a small number who resisted to adapt to the constructivist learning environment in their physics course. Two case studies of individual students are used to illustrate the interactions of the learning environment, student understanding of scientific knowledge, and the nature of science, and students' views of their own learning.     

建构主义学习理论及其在教学中的局限性

建构主义学习理论内容非常丰富,其核心可以概括为建构主义的知识观、学习观和教学观。目前,该理论备受教育界的关注,在一定程度上推进了“以学为中心”的新课程改革,但是,它却没有在实践中得到有效的应用和推广,其原因主要有:建构主义学习理论本身还存在着一些缺陷;理论在教学实施过程中还存在着一定的困难。     

Palestinian science teachers' epistemological beliefs: A preliminary survey

The purpose of the study was to determine what percentage of Palestinian science teachers held beliefs about knowledge and learning that are congruent with the recent constructivist/conceptual change epistemological basis of science education, what factors influence these beliefs, and if the beliefs about knowledge and learning were related. Two questionnaires were developed to probe teachers' beliefs in these two areas, and a sample consisting of 91 teachers with varying educational background and teaching levels responded to these questionnaires. The study showed that only a small percentage of Palestinian teachers subscribed to the recent views of learning and scientific knowledge (25% and nine percent respectively). With regard to the views of learning, this was mainly due to very few teachers believing or realising that students hold alternative preconceptions and that science learning entails conceptual change. Very few teachers also believed that science itself develops through conceptual change. Indeed, more than 80% believed that science develops through accretion and about 40% preferred the inductive model of science to the hypothetico-deductive one which only 11% preferred. It was found that these views were not related to the teachers' years of schooling, years of experience, level at which they taught, or teacher specialisation. The two views of learning and knowledge were moderately related. The results and implications for future studies are discussed.     

浅论传统动词不定式之弊端

传统语法对动词不定式这一语法范畴的阐述弊端太多 ,不利于语言教学 ,问题的关键在于对to的误解。回顾传统语法对其称为不定式的阐述 ,从to的词义出发 ,讨论和探索这一语法范畴 ,从而归纳概括出一条较为实用的语法规则