瑞士特殊教育师资培育及其框架课程方案

在瑞士 ,“特殊教育”(ＳｐｅｃｉａｌＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ,德文Ｓｏｎ ｄｅｒｐａｄａｇｏｇｉｋ)一词的同义语有 :“医疗卫生教育”(ｈｃｉｌ ｐａｄａｇｏｇｉｋ ,专指对生理和智力发育上有缺陷的儿童进行的教育 ,亦称健康或养护教育 )、“专门化的教育”(ＳｐｅｚｉｅｌｌｅＰａｄａｇｏｇｉｋ ,专指某种特殊教育需要 )、“障碍者教育”(Ｂｅｈｉｎｄｅｒｔｅｎｐａｄａｇｏｇｉｋ)等。按其对象和不同障碍程度、类别可分为 :障碍者教育、超常或异常儿童教育、学习困难者或学习滞迟者教育 ,以及特殊教育需要者教育等 ;仅以障碍者教育为例…     

伴有述情障碍的孤独症谱系障碍者情绪问题及其影响

述情障碍是一种相对稳定的人格特征,会限制个体的情绪发展水平。述情障碍在孤独症谱系障碍者中的发生率显著高于普通人。大量研究探讨了有述情障碍的孤独症谱系障碍者的情绪问题及其影响。研究表明,他们面临的情绪问题主要包括面部和声音情绪识别困难、情绪表达连贯性差、情绪调节困难及移情能力不足。这些情绪问题对孤独症谱系障碍者的社会交往、心理健康、道德判断造成不良影响。未来研究需要进一步分析述情障碍与孤独症谱系障碍者情绪各方面之间的关系,深入探究伴有述情障碍的孤独症谱系障碍者情绪问题对其他领域发展产生的影响,并针对述情障碍开展相关干预研究,改善述情障碍对孤独症谱系障碍者造成的不良影响。     

两类英语学科学习困难者的分析与治疗

本文以19例英语学科学习障碍来访者的咨询档案为研究对象,采用档案分析法,对19名来访者的特征、问题形成的影响因素及对抗各因素的方法进行分析,发现英语学科学习障碍来访者可分为两类:程序错误型障碍者和低焦虑动机型障碍者,针对其不同特征进行干预可取得良好的效果。     

学习障碍视觉空间障碍研究概述

学习障碍者的视觉空间障碍严重地阻碍了其社会认知能力的发展,并引起国内外各界研究者的高度重视。本文用文献回顾法梳理了学习障碍者的视觉空间认知缺陷的行为表现,并结合其脑功能定位进行分析,探求学习障碍的视觉空间加工神经心理机制。目的:(1)旨在为更精细地确定大脑皮层各区域的功能结构提供理论依据,(2)针对学习障碍的异质性,为确定科学有效的干预措施和治疗手段提供生理学上的证据。     

谈当前小学教师对学习障碍的认识误区

通过对小学教师的访谈,发现了当前小学教师对学习障碍学生的认识误区及其导致的不良后果。由于教师不正确的认识,伤害了学生的自尊心,易使他们误入歧途,难以实现教育的最终目标。所以有必要正确认识学习障碍,帮助有障碍的学生全面发展。     

韩国的特殊教育

特殊教育系指对那些身心障碍者(其中包括视觉障碍、听觉障碍、情绪障碍、精神迟滞、肢体不自由者等)所进行的知识、职业、治疗等全面教育而盲的。韩国的特殊教育有着悠久的历史,但是形成一种制度、建立健全的教育体制、面对所有身心障碍者进行全面教育,那还是进入20世纪70年代以后的事。究其原因,一是韩国从60年代初建立了“出口主导型”经济体制,国民经济飞速发展,1962年至1978年期间国民生产总值     

信息技术环境下数学学习障碍学生的教学策略研究——基于UDI通用教学设计理论

UDI通用教学设计(Universal Design for Instruction)源于建筑学中无障碍设计理念通用设计(Universal Design),目的是开发和应用技术使学习障碍者的学习机会最大化,文章基于UDI通用教学设计的使用原则,根据Geary提出的三个数学障碍的亚类型,利用各种技术手段刺激学生的三大学习网络,针对数学学习障碍学生提出了具体的教学策略。     

如何认识和实现职工教育的价值

职工教育的价值至少有三个方面。一是出生产力,二是出人才,三是出后勤。实现职工教育价值仍有阻力和障碍,其表现是在认识上弃远就近,企业经营者只重经济效益:在时间上避学就工,领导强调生产忙,不解决学习时间;在做法上避难就易,教育力量投入不足,效益不佳。如何实现职工教育价值,需要解决: 1.端正价值观。正确认识生产与提高的关系和重视投资与教育的     

人性的选择

Leading:沙亚是一个有学习障碍的智力障碍者,他无法像别的孩子一样学习,也无法像别的孩子一样理解事物。像沙亚这样的孩子来到这个世界,给人们提供了展现真实本性的机会。     

我国小学儿童非言语型学习障碍的研究现状

非言语型学习障碍(Nonverbal learning Disabilities,NLD)是近年来学习障碍研究的一个新领域,是一种源自大脑右半球的神经障碍。我国研究者依据智力、学业、社会功能、排除等方面的标准对小学儿童非言语学习障碍进行筛查,并加强小学儿童NLD的心理特点研究,如情绪面目表情的认知、社会信息加工、视觉空间认知、选择性注意功能、右脑功能以及干预等。未来我国小学儿童非言语型学习障碍研究,应不断扩展其研究领域,为学校心理辅导提供理论和实践上的指导,从而改善和提高小学儿童非言语型学习障碍者的学习和生活状况。     

The end of innocence: historiography and representation in the discursive practice of LD

In this article, I discuss two interrelated sets of challenges that the discursive practice of learning disability (LD) will need to address, namely, issues associated with the development of a historiography of special education and a more complex understanding of representation issues. I use social theory to address these challenges and raise questions the LD field will need to grapple with as we move toward the consolidation of discursive practices.     

Some Cultural and Moral Implications of Inclusive Education in India—a personal view

This article provides a personal viewpoint on and outline of the author's contribution to learning disability in India. It refers to her doctoral research on policy and the status of people with disability in India. It puts forth the view that although India addresses diversity in many ways it tends to exclude people with disability from national programmes. It argues that inclusive education should be context- and culture-specific and that inclusive programmes can develop, albeit incrementally, despite the fact that systemic change has not taken place. The article ends with the suggestion that moral and ethical considerations demand that people engaged with inclusion need to work towards inclusion of all children wherever necessary and that each individual first of all needs to internalise the change within themselves.     

UK initiatives to promote inclusion in higher education for students with disabilities

ABSTRACT

The inclusion in higher education of students with disabilities and learning difficulties has become a matter of concern within the past eight years. Recent Higher Education Funding Council initiatives to promote greater inclusion have had some success in improving access to higher education (HE) and raising awareness across the sector of the need to ensure full participation by students with disabilities in the learning environment once they enter the university. Hopes that the new UK disability rights legislation would help promote equality of access to HE were disappointed when it became apparent that the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 excluded education from its main provisions. The only requirement affecting post‐compulsory education is that institutions publish a statement on their provision for students with disabilities and learning difficulties. These disability statements confer no legal rights and it appeared that they would have little impact on access to HE for disabled people. This paper reports the findings of a survey of the anticipated effects upon the higher education sector in England of the requirement to produce disability statements. There may be some positive effects not only upon the nature and form of information available, but also on the provision offered in the sector.     

Stop the Pity,Unlock the Potential: The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Disability Services: Evaluating and Monitoring Progress

ABSTRACT

The aim of this qualitative study is to evaluate the role of non-governmental organisations in disabilities services. The study group comprised of nine representatives of each of these NGOs. Data obtained by semi-structured interviews were analysed by using the content analysis method on RQDA qualitative data analysis software. Voice of disabled people is represented through non-profit organisations. In enhancing capacity for development, considering the scope of disability (physical, social barriers), societal attitudes, and religious factors’ impact on society attitudes on persons with disabilities that disabled people are sick and helpless and need to be looked after and medical models that consider disabled people as sick patients trying to recover seem to be important. Content analysis was done to evaluate service capacity of Profession NGOs for the disability. This research study revealed that Profession type of non-governmental organisations need awareness on disability. They need in-service training to understand practices for disabled people. Integration of self-help projects, networking mechanism are essential for the development. The method of Sensitivity Training which is one of the most emphasised organisational development techniques comes forward. Expression of this education with the concept of sensitivity comes from recognising and understanding the behaviour of individuals.     

Inclusive education and intellectual disability: a sociological engagement with Martha Nussbaum

As a result of exclusionary tactics, social, cultural or economic disadvantage or disability, vast numbers of pupils have poor educational experiences and are either marginalised or demonised due to ‘difficult differences’. In the context of Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach, where she suggests that we ought to be who we want to be, this paper addresses intellectual disability, inclusion and inclusive education. It proposes that care, compassion, creativity and ethics are critical in understanding the education for all children and young people, rather than necessarily pedagogical process. In addition, it suggests that learning should take place within and through relationships and that these relationships are important in developing a healthy sense of self. Therefore politically, rather than following a path of blame whether it is the dysfunctional family, the deficit child or the economically deprived nation, this paper says that we require socially just practices, compassion and care as fundamental to human development, social inclusion and inclusive education. Ultimately, education is failing a large sum of children and young people and therefore needs to be radically reconsidered.     

Ubiquitous Learning Environment as a Solution to Education Problem

Ubiquitous learning means the intelligent learning environment that enables people to learn using any terminal at any place and at any time no matter what the contents may be.This is different from the existing method of learning the information through the internet or studying at specific place,such as school or library,and so on.People do not need to go to specific place at specific time to access the information that they want,but the learning information finds its way to people,which is the biggest difference from the existing method. Ubiquitous learning aims to solve current problems of education in more creative and learner-oriented way by creating an education environment where learners can learn with any terminal anytime and anywhere without regard to contents.The presentation this time would help promote the understanding of the Ubiquitous and explore the ubiquitous education environment that is capable of solving overall problems of education.In addition,it will propose a direction of ubiquitous learning scenario and the change in the educational environment.     

Promoting access to education for disabled children in low-income countries: Do we need to know how many disabled children there are?

Poor people are most likely to be disabled, and the exclusion of disabled people from education means that they are also more likely to remain poor. Despite calls for better data to inform the extension of education for disabled children, data in this field remain weak. This paper asks whether a national survey of disability prevalence is the best starting point when promoting the educational inclusion of disabled children in low and middle-income countries. The paper analyses what information is needed about disability in education systems, and also analyses difficulties with measuring childhood disability. The paper concludes that the most pragmatic and ethical way forward is to make the most of knowledge we already have to develop and continue learning from existing provision.     

Barriers to learning online experienced by students with a mental health disability

Online education is widely regarded as increasing accessibility to higher education to individuals with disadvantage and disability, including those with a mental health disability. However, the learning challenges these students experience within the online learning environment are not well understood. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to better understand the barriers to learning that these students face in this environment. A qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 students revealed three major learning barriers: (a) impact of impairment, (b) personal and situational circumstances, and (c) learning environment. These barriers were found to have wide-ranging consequences for the students’ ability to fully engage in study and their overall wellbeing. The findings lend insight into the low retention rates for this cohort of students and the learning barriers that need to be addressed by online education providers to better enhance the educational experience of these students.     

儒家思想在教育中的解读

解读传统文化是为了当下的现实,理解传统文化内涵需要从教育过程中体验。以孔子为代表的儒家思想在教育过程和实践里闪烁出一系列的思想精华,并时时进发着人性和知性之美。对儒家思想的批判吸收、培养国人的学习精神,提高民族创造力,理解仁爱的价值观都要按照以人的教育为主的教育规律来展开。体会中国传统文化的精髓,构建和谐社会,实现中华民族的伟大复兴,是中国教育所要担当的历史重任。