试论中小学教师的学习

在现代知识社会,学习对中小学教师具有特殊重要的意义。学习效果在一定程度上取决于个体对学习的理解和学习方式。理论性学习可以培育教师的学科理论素养,提高理性思考能力。研究性学习属于以高阶思维为主要认知活动的高投入性学习。合作性学习可以促进个体知识经验的聚合和视界的融合,从而实现知识共享。社会化学习是个体学习社会知识,并不断内化和再创造的过程。教师应端正学习态度,提高学习内驱力,将工作和学习融为一体,相得益彰。     

New learning and choices of secondary school teachers when arranging learning environments

The aim of this study was to determine the types of choices secondary teachers make when arranging learning environments and to determine how these choices change within the context of educational reforms aimed at the stimulation of New Learning. Interviews held with 15 Dutch secondary teachers showed three aspects of learning environments to which these choices of teachers are primarily related: (1) the division of teacher and learner roles, (2) learning goals, and (3) learning materials. The same three aspects emerged when teachers were specifically asked about arranging learning environments that stimulate New Learning. The interviews showed, however, that teachers have different conceptions of the instructional choices that will stimulate New Learning. In addition, teachers appeared to be thinking mostly in terms of learning products and not in terms of learning processes as a learning goal. Furthermore, teachers showed hardly any attention for arranging cooperative learner roles. For the successful transformation of education in the direction of New Learning, therefore, more support for teachers is recommended.     

Acceptance of learning management system: The case of secondary school teachers

There are many ICT tools that teachers can use to support teaching and learning. In recent years, Learning Management Systems (LMSs) have been present in most higher education institutions. However, the availability of LMSs in K-12 is more recent. Furthermore, we believe that LMSs are promising even for K-12 teachers in face-to-face learning contexts because they have many educational features that can support learning with students. The goal of this study is 1) to identify the factors that influence the acceptability of the LMS by teachers, 2) to see if teachers’ ICT use influences their intention to use the LMS, and finally 3) to see if teachers’ ICT use influences their perception of the affordances of LMS educational features. The LMS in our study was introduced in a school board of more than 35,000 students and approximately 2400 teachers. To study the acceptability of the LMS, we used the Technology Acceptance Model. The results obtained from the show that the perception of usefulness is a good predictor of the intent to use the LMS. As for ICT use and the affordances of LMS educational features, the results show that they are not a good predictor of the intention to use.     

湖北省特校教师在职培训模式研究

在职培训模式研究是当前特教教师专业化成长领域中研究的热点。本研究通过问卷调查及教师访谈,对湖北省70所特校教师培训现状、问题与策略进行了研究,结果表明,特教教师在职培可供选择有6种模式,即＂以学校为中心＂反思式校本培训、＂以龙头校引领片区校＂合作研究、特教专家巡回指导、特教高校集中培训、远程培训、职前培养与在职教育一体化。加大每一种模式的应用实践效果的研究是下一步研究工作的方向。     

中学教师教育方式倾向性的研究

采用问卷法对 216名中学教师的教育方式进行考察。结果表明，中学教师的教育方式可以归为四个维度：民主性、专制性、放任性和溺爱性。不同教龄教师在教育方式各维度上存在显著差异。     

Facebook group dynamics: an ethnographic study of the teaching and learning potential for secondary school teachers

ABSTRACT

This study examines the role of social networking sites on the learning processes, teaching practices and professional development of secondary school teachers. By conducting observations and in-depth interviews with active participants, we present an ethnographic study of the Facebook group Teaching ideas secondary education [author’s translation], which is hosted and primarily employed by Flemish teachers. By drawing parallels between the study findings and the theory of affinity spaces we aim to gain greater insight into emerging group dynamics and social informal learning processes. According to respondents, the Facebook group has the potential to address teachers’ needs with respect to the exchange of teaching ideas, experiences and materials. The findings point to a number of emerging developments in the educational landscape, highlighting that social media environments present a new source of inspiration, and combined with a collaborative atmosphere are able to stimulate cross-fertilization, social informal learning processes and self-management and -reflection. We hold these findings up to the light of current education discourses.     

地方高校教师在岗培训的新途径

在我国高等教育大众化快速发展时期,地方高校师资呈快速增长态势.为提高教学质量,青年教师在岗培训成为一个重要问题.本文分析了地方高校原有教师在岗培训方式的弊端及其原因,提出了地方高校教师为适应大众化教育发展要求的在岗培训新途径.     

Development of a competency model and tailored assessment method for high school science teachers utilizing a flipped learning approach

Many professional development programs aim to improve student outcomes by enhancing teacher competencies. Effective evaluation of these programs requires a clear delineation of the competencies to be gained. A competency model was developed to evaluate the impact of a teacher professional program that aimed to improve teachers’ ability to effectively implement technologically engaged modules in a flipped classroom setting. Competencies were identified via participatory evaluation techniques and assessments were aligned to the competencies. The competency of teachers in the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for creation and delivery of effective flipped lessons can be tracked using a radar graph to guide tailored professional development.

     

The cognitive effects of a mathematics in-service workshop on elementary school teachers

Siegler's rule assessment methodology was used to investigate the cognitive effects of a 32 hour mathematics in-service workshop on 28 elementary shool teachers. This paper reports on attempts (a) to assess the levels of cognitive understanding of the basic concepts of proportion, probability, and correlation among elementary teachers, and (b) to change teachers' levels in understanding these concepts by a method of direct instruction. Significant improvements were noted in the levels of cognitive development associated with the concept of proportion. Though nonsignificant improvements were noted in the concepts of probability and correlation, all the teachers were assigned to the highest cognitive rule associated with the probability concept at the end of the workshop.     

Building an indigenous learning community through lesson study: challenges of secondary school science teachers

Universalists believe that indigenous knowledge should not be studied since it excludes non-indigenous people. A qualitative method was used to explore the impact of lesson study on a science teacher at a secondary school. The research indicated that lesson study has positive impacts on teachers professionally by improving their science content knowledge, developing their teaching strategy and skill, enhancing their interest in working collaboratively, and creating a sense of an indigenous paradigm. The four categories of impact are interrelated and mutually influential. Through a lesson study, a relationship of mutual trust is well established in an indigenous learning community.     

中小学教师综合素质培训关键点探讨

教师综合素质培训是教育体制改革的关键,同时也是保证基础教育有效开展的基础,其直接关系到人才的早期培养,对国家持续性发展有重要作用。目前中小学教师综合素质培训工作正在全国范围内如火如荼的开展,现在我们通过汇集多份资料,结合培训进行中的实际情况,对中小学教师综合素质培训工作中的关键点进行研讨,并针对性的给出相关对策。     

Blended teaching and learning: a two-way systems approach

A first-year tertiary-student structural equation modelling approach builds understanding of blended learning. The Biggs' 3P teaching-and-learning-systems model displays significant two-way interactions between each of its presage, process and product constructs. This study validates the Biggs' approach as a dynamic interactive learning system. The student learning processes occur through teacher contributions, mixed with learning interactions and feedback systems. Greater learning, knowledge and skills transfer is possible when students are suitably pre-prepared/pre-skilled for their ensuing learning experiences and for the varieties of teaching/learning interactions that they encounter.     

探究学习模式在中学体育教学中的应用研究

2001年,我国正式启动了以《基础教育课程改革纲要（试行）》为标志的新一轮基础教育课程改革。大力提倡培养学生的独立性和自主性,引导学生质疑、调查、探究。探究学习模式成为我国新一轮基础教育课程改革的重点之一。本文首先阐述了在中学体育课学习中采用探究学习模式的意义。其次,从让学生真正成为学习的主体,让学生在创造性活动中学习,加强中学体育教师素质培养等方面,对如何在中学体育教学中应用探究学习模式提出了自己的建议和看法,具有一定的参考价值。     

Exploring inclusive education: early steps for prospective secondary school teachers

Recent changes in the structure of initial teacher education have resulted in teacher training institutions having to think again about how they address the issue of inclusion within their provision. In this article, Sue Pearson, who co-ordinates the MA (SEN) programme in the School of Education at the University of Leeds, and who contributes to Post Graduate Certificate in Education training, reports on developments in the training of secondary phase geography teachers. The article examines the planning, development and evaluation of a session which was designed to complement students' school-based experiences and other university-based sessions. The activity was co-taught by the geography and inclusive education tutors. The tutors used activity theory to analyse the elements of inclusive education and drew upon the literature related to the training of health professionals to design the session. This led to the adoption of a problem-based learning approach involving simulation activity. Sue Pearson provides details of the planned session together with evaluations from the tutors and students. She argues that this type of session, early in the university-based part of the course, provides a productive environment in which prospective teachers can be alerted to some of the complexities and uncertainties of inclusive education. While the initiative described here was matched to circumstances at the University of Leeds, the collaboration between tutors, the planning process and the style of activity have wider implications.     

Self-instructional videocourses: a cost-effective approach to in-service training of teachers in special education

The article describes employing a short self-instructional videocourse as a form of in-service education for teachers of children with severe learning difficulties. The study examines the feasibility of training teachers to implement simple teaching games in the classroom, aimed at enhancing the basic number skills of children with severe learning difficulties. Teachers'attitudes to the materials were positive, and the videocourse was effective in helping to improve the counting ability of a sample of thirty children. The provision of training opportunities for teachers using videocourses is supported. The article concludes with a discussion of some of the features of the self-instructional model employed in the study.     

Ideal versus school learning: Analyzing Israeli secondary school students’ conceptions of learning

This study explored 130 secondary school students’ conceptions of learning using an open-ended task, analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Students’ reality of learning comprised two separate spheres, ideal learning and school learning, which rarely interacted. Generally, students commented more about school than ideal learning. Factor analysis of learning conception categories revealed separate “grand” categories for each sphere and some shared ones. Strikingly, students held complex, deeper conceptions of ideal learning (as self-interest/curiosity, understanding, and knowledge acquisition), but these were separate from their conceptions of school learning as merely the minimal, surface compliance necessary to survive the system by “satisficing” [Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99–118] – satisfying and sufficing – the teachers (grades, task completion, and active class participation). Theoretical and educational implications were discussed regarding classroom instruction to heighten educators’ awareness of students’ thinking about learning.     

From pre-service to in-service teachers: a longitudinal investigation of the professional development of English language teachers in secondary schools

This study reports on a longitudinal inquiry into professional identity construction among six novice cross-border English language teachers from mainland China, who completed their pre-service teacher education in Hong Kong (HK) and began their teaching practice in local HK schools. The findings indicate that the participants navigated obstacles in teaching by deploying their own multiple languages as a cultural and linguistic repertoire. The findings also show that the teachers experienced difficulty legitimising their professional identity in the teaching community, where contextual issues and power interplays mediated the process. Furthermore, it is found that the participants’ commitment to teaching was negatively influenced by their non-legitimate position in the teaching community and the discordance between their teaching beliefs and the norms and values of their workplace. This study suggests that complex inter-relationships between marginal status in and legitimate membership of the community, between historical and cultural background, present practice, and future expectations, between social discourse and personal location, are involved in the process of identity construction. Measures to legitimate these teachers’ position and to transform the linguistic and cultural repertories of these teachers into valuable resources of the local schools are suggested. Implications for future research are outlined.