台湾五十年（1895～1945）农业科研述要

自１８９５年台湾沦为日本殖民地,到１９４５年台湾光复,共５０年,其间,日本在台湾设立了大批农业科研机构,进行各种农业资源调查,农业试验研究等活动,直接为其殖民经统计服务。该文从农业科研机构,农事调开,品种改良,其他农事试验研究等方面,对其进行了择要论述。     

A field of great promise: soil bacteriology in America, 1900-1925

In the first decades of the 20th century, soil bacteriologists promised to revolutionize farming practice, much in the same way that medical bacteriologists, in the previous century, had transformed pathology, public health and sanitary engineering. Following the isolation of the microorganisms responsible for nitrification and nitrogen fixation, American soil scientists anticipated the time when farmers could 'seed' their crops and lands with these beneficial bacteria. Soil bacteriologists, during the early 20th century, never fulfilled the promise of supplying a biological source of unending soil fertility. However, in their search for productive microbes, these same researchers directed attention to the underappreciated dimensions of bacterial metabolism and microbial ecology.     

The affect of experiment. The turn to emotions in Anglo-American physiology, 1900-1940.

The author argues that during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Anglo-American physiologists discovered that the emotional experiences of their laboratory animals influenced their experiments. Asserting that previous generations had ignored the affective dimension of experimentation, these physiologists developed practices for recording, reporting, managing, and controlling the emotions of laboratory animals during physiological encounters. The author also argues that emotion became a powerful conceptual, rhetorical, political, and practical tool of the modern laboratory and that physiologists invoked emotion in order to contain and interpret numerous physiological facts and artifacts, promulgate alternative forms of knowledge-making, privilege new knowledge claims, and diffuse mounting political pressures. The study of the affect of experiment aims to contribute to the history of experimentation, knowledge, and emotion.     

基于低碳的绿色增长及绿色创新——中、美、英、德、日、韩实证与比较研究

构建了一个"绿色增长指数(Green Growth Index)"对国家/区域层面的绿色增长进行衡量,并以此界定了"绝对绿色增长"、"相对绿色增长"和"非绿色增长"3种类型的增长方式。论文以中国、美国、英国、德国、日本和韩国6个国家为对象,采用1996-2012年的数据,对其绿色增长路径进行了比较分析;运用面板回归模型对创新投入等7个主要影响因素进行了识别。回归结果显示:创新投入、劳动投入、城市化水平、产业结构轻型化对加速绿色增长有显著正面效果,而能源消耗和环境税对绿色增长有显著负面效果;在此基础上,论文进一步阐述了我国经济新常态下转向绿色增长、以绿色创新驱动绿色增长战略的政策建议。     

Women in the early history of genetics. William Bateson and the Newnham College Mendelians, 1900-1910.

William Bateson was one of the pivotal figures in the early history of genetics, having championed the promise of Mendelism to unravel the secrets of heredity. Many refer to the "school" of genetics he directed at Cambridge between 1900 and 1910, but few note that Bateson's group consisted primarily of women. Bateson turned to botanists, zoologists, and physiologists associated with Newnham College, Cambridge, for critical assistance in advancing his research program at a time when Mendelism was not yet recognized as a legitimate field of study. Cambridge women carried out a series of breeding experiments in a number of plant and animal species between 1902 and 1910, the results of which provided crucial evidence that both supported and extended Mendel's laws of heredity. This essay shows how the situation of women in science in the early twentieth century was a factor--along with scientific, institutional, social, and political developments--in establishing the new discipline of genetics.     

“一带一路”背景下高校非通用语素质选修课教学优化探索——以德语教学为例

随着国家"一带一路"战略的实施和推行,中国和德国的经济贸易往来日益增多,高校的德语素质选修课教学需要与时俱进地发展与改进,从而培养更多的复合型人才。针对目前学校、教师、学生层面反馈的不同问题,应该从改进教学大纲、优化课程资源、创新教学模式手段、互补学科资源、激发学生跨文化意识等方面实现教学优化和改进。     

教研结合、同行评议与大科学规划简论德国科学中的制度创新

从制度创新的角度来考察科学史与社会、政治和文化之间的相互关系,德国是一个很好的范例。历史上,德国曹一度成为世界的“科学中心”。许多适应环境变化的制度创新起到过非常重要的作用。从创建教学与研究相结合的传统、建立专门从事研究的机构、首创同行评议制度、到采纳“大科学”研究模式等等,无不渗透着科学决策者的深谋远虑和良苦用心。本文从德国近两百年的科学发展史中,抽取出几个片段,试图说明制度创新在德国科学发展过程中的作用以及它们是如何与各种内外因素纠缠在一起的。     

基于主题教学模式下的初中德语课堂设计——以《格林童话》为例

本文以《格林童话》主题教学设计为基础,阐述了将主题教学模式引入初中德语课堂的意义,并提出了一些德语教学的方法和思路。同时,也根据学生反馈信息分析了主题教学模式在初中德语课堂中的有效性。     

浅谈高原首例肾移植围术期护理

我院于 2 0 0 3年 3月在海拔 370 0米的高原地区成功完成了西藏首例同种异体肾脏移植手术 ,现将护理体会报告如下。1　临床资料患者 ,女性 ,39岁 ,因“乏力”夜尿增多一年余 ,加重伴恶心、呕吐、双下肢浮肿十余天”于 2 0 0 3年 2月收入我院。化险血Bun 4 5 .2mmoL/L ,Cr 110 7mmoLh ;B超示 :双肾体积缩小。诊断为“慢性肾功能不全(尿毒症期 )” ,予持续静脉血液透析等治疗 ,患者病情明显好转。经积极术前准备后 ,于 2 0 0 3年 3月在持续硬膜外麻醉下行“同种异体肾移植术”。通过精心护理 ,现患者已康复出院。2　护理对策2 1　术前护理…     

General physiology,experimental psychology,and evolutionism. Unicellular organisms as objects of psychophysiological research, 1877-1918

This essay aims to shed new light on the relations between physiology and psychology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by focusing on the use of unicellular organisms as research objects during that period. Within the frameworks of evolutionism and monism advocated by Ernst Haeckel, protozoa were perceived as objects situated at the borders between organism and cell and individual and society. Scholars such as Max Verworn, Alfred Binet, and Herbert Spencer Jennings were provoked by these organisms to undertake experimental investigations situated between general physiology and psychology that differed from the physiological psychology advocated by Wilhelm Wundt. Some of these investigations sought to locate psychological properties in the molecular structure of protoplasm; others stressed the existence of organic and psychological individuality in protozoa. In the following decades, leading philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Charles Sanders Peirce, and Henri Bergson, as well as psychological researchers like Sigmund Freud, integrated the results of these investigations into their reflections on such problems as the nature of the will, the structure of the ego, and the holistic nature of the reactions of organisms to their environment.     

Biomedicine in Edinburgh, 1887-1920

This paper examines the scientific work of the Laboratory of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh from its foundation in 1887 to 1920. It looks in particular at the pivotal role of clinical cases in the work of the Laboratory, using the concept of 'triangulation' to analyse how cases served both as objects of scientific knowledge and as sites for articulating and aligning the concerns of medical practitioners and career scientists. It goes on to propose a general model for thinking about the role of cases in scientific knowledge production, based on a rereading of Kuhn as seen through the lens of the sociology of scientific knowledge. It concludes with some general reflections on how this analysis of the work of the Laboratory helps us to rethink the relations between basic and applied medical science in the period before the emergence of modern biomedicine.     

The relationship between technology, innovation, and firm performance—Empirical evidence from e-business in Europe

This article analyzes the relationship between the usage of Internet-based technologies, different types of innovation, and performance at the firm level. Data for the empirical investigation originates from a sample of 7302 European enterprises. The empirical results show that Internet-based technologies were an important enabler of innovation in the year 2003. It was found that all studied types of innovation, including Internet-enabled and non-Internet-enabled product or process innovations, are positively associated with turnover and employment growth. Firms that rely on Internet-enabled innovations are at least as likely to grow as firms that rely on non-Internet-enabled innovations. Finally, it was found that innovative activity is not necessarily associated with higher profitability. Possible reasons for this and implications are discussed.