The development of web-based training on Yoga for housewife group at Ratburana region, Bangkok Metropolitan area

The purpose of the research was to develop and find out the efficiency of a web-based training package （WBT package）, the effectiveness, the satisfaction, as well as the performance evaluation of housewife group of WBT on Yoga. Sample of 30 persons were the group of housewives from Soi Prachautit 15, Ratburana Region, Bangkok Metropolitan Area. Research tools were： （1） the WBT package on Yoga, （2） a user＇s manual of WBT package on Yoga; （3） an achievement test; （4） a questionnaire on the group of housewives＇ satisfaction, and （5） a performance evaluation form on Yoga. The research results revealed that the efficiency of the WBT package was at 80.08/82.89, which was higher than 80/80 as already identified by the criteria. When the average scores of pre-test （M=22.33, SD=3.13） and post-test （M=82.89, SD=-3.37） training were compared, it was found that the WBT package could increase the learning effectiveness to 60.56%, which met the criteria set of 60%. The mean scores of the group of housewives＇ satisfaction was at a good level （M=4.40, SD=-0.60）. According to the Yoga performance evaluation on group of housewives, the average mean scores （M=3.81, SD=-1.62） of the group of housewives＇ training was 75% correct, and perfect as shown in the WBT package. Thus, the WBT package on Yoga could be used as a self-study.     

Learning to Program in KPL Through Guided Collaboration

A quasi-experiment was conducted at an elementary school to investigate if guided collaboration would facilitate programming learning of 6 graders. Sixty-six students of two intact classes learned to program in KPL （kid＇s programming language） for 18 weeks during the experiment. One class was randomly assigned to the control group （i.e., free-collaboration） and the other to the experimental group （i.e., guided-collaboration）. Students in both groups formed heterogeneous teams of 3 persons. The guided-collaboration teams in experimental group were provided with a worksheet for every programming task. The worksheet contained a set of task-specific guiding questions to guide students through the problem-solving process in a systematic and disciplined manner. An analysis of test scores showed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in the achievement tests, suggesting that the guiding questions were useful in enhancing students＇ comprehension of programming concepts and developing their programming skills. A comparison of the amount of time spent at each problem-solving step showed that the experimental group spent significantly more time than the control group at the analysis/design/coding step as well as the reflection step. Conversely, the control group spent considerably more time at the debugging step. With the help of the guiding questions, students in the experimental group were also more able to conduct meaningful discussions.     

Activities to Teaching Electric Field Based on Physics by Inquiry

We designed and used a series of activities （named activities to teaching electric field （ATEF）） based on the Physics by Inquiry （PBI） strategy to teaching the electric field concept with university students. We used a concentration factor tool to assess the effectiveness of those activities used during three weeks of instruction. Results indicate that students who had traditional teaching obtained a very tiny gain （less than 1%）; concentration factors indicate that most of their responses fall into a random area, which is not favorable. On the other hand, the experimental group using our activities had greater gains （〉 10%） than the control group. Concentration factors showed that after instruction, students＇ mental models changed toward a favorable pattern about comprehension of electric field concept and Coulomb＇s law. A hypothesis test of two samples indicated that there is a significant difference between both traditional teaching and ATEF based on PBI.     

Hands on group work paper model for teaching DNA structure,central dogma and recombinant DNA

Understanding life on a molecular level is greatly enhanced when students are given the opportunity to visualize the molecules. Especially understanding DNA structure and function is essential for understanding key concepts of molecular biology such as DNA, central dogma and the manipulation of DNA. Researches have shown that undergraduate students typically lack a coherent view of concepts and their relationships when studying molecular biology within instruction-based lecture with no other pedagogical applications. In this study, we have designed an experimental to investigate the effect of a hands on paper models exercise within group work （Jigsaw Cooperative learning） on student biology teachers＇ academic achievement and attitudes to biotechnologies. Our goal was to develop a manipulative activity using inexpensive but graphic materials. The sample for this study consisted of 42 student teachers in the department of Biology Education during the 2005-2006 academic year. We have divided the students in two different classes. One of the classes was randomly assigned as the non-paper model （control, n=21） and the other as the paper model group （n=21）. In experimental group cut and paste paper models exercise within cooperative groups, in control group traditional instructional design has been applied in teaching DNA structure, Central Dogma and Recombinant DNA. The posttests of the groups in achievement and attitudes to biotechnologies show significant differences. The results indicated that the paper model group was more successful than the non-paper group.     

伴发ATTR型淀粉样沉积的骨关节炎患者的临床和生物学特征分析(英文)简

Objective： Our aim was to investigate clinical and laboratory characteristics of osteoarthritic patients who had amyloid deposition in their knee joints. Methods： Synovial membranes were obtained from 36 patients with knee osteoarthritis （OA） who underwent joint replacement surgery. From this sample, the diagnosis of amyloid was deter- mined by Congo red staining, which demonstrated apple-green birefringence under a polarized microscope. All syn- ovial membranes were immunohistochemically characterized for the expressions of amyloid immunoglobulin light chain （AL-K and AL-,k）, serum amyloid-A （SAA）, amyloidogenic transthyretin （ATTR）, and amyloidogenic 152- microglobulin （A152M）. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionizaton/time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS） was used to analyze transthyretin （TTR） isoforms in the serum of each patient. Results： Nine cases （25%） were found to be amyloid-positive. Immunohistochemicaliy, eight cases （88.9%） had ATTR deposition, and one sample （11.1%） was shown to be AL-K-positive. MALDI-TOF MS identified that the TTR in the serum of the patients was unmodified wild-type TTR, TTR-Cys-S-S-Cys, and TTR-Cys-S-S-CysGly. The age at surgery and the disease duration were sig- nificantly higher in the ATTR-positive group than in the ATTR-negative group. Knee score and function score were significantly lower in the ATTR-positive group than in the ATTR-negative group. Conclusions： Amyloid deposition in synovial membranes of OA patients was found to be ATTR and AL-K. TTR in the serum of the patients was unmodified wild-type TTR together with two isoforms. The high age at surgery, long disease duration, and a deteriorated knee function were associated with ATTR amyloid deposition in the osteoarthritic knee joints.     

Kantorovich＇s theorem for Newton＇s method on Lie groups

The convergence criterion of Newton＇s method to find the zeros ofa mapffrom a Lie group to its corresponding Lie algebra is established under the assumption thatfsatisfies the classical Lipschitz condition, and that the radius of convergence ball is also obtained. Furthermore, the radii of the uniqueness balls of the zeros of fare estimated. Owren and Welfert （2000） stated that if the initial point is close sufficiently to a zero off then Newton＇s method on Lie group converges to the zero; while this paper provides a Kantorovich＇s criterion for the convergence of Newton＇s method, not requiring the existence of a zero as a priori.     

Perceptions of elementary teachers on the instructional leadership role of school principals

In this research, elementary school principals＇ instructional leadership behavior was evaluated based on the perceptions of elementary school teachers. The research is believed to contribute to the development of instructional leadership behavior of elementary school principals for the development of school organization. A ＂semi-structured interview technique＂, one of the qualitative research methods in the literature was used in the research. The study group was made up of elementary school teachers working in Nigde, Turkey, during the 2008-2009 academic year. For the study sample, one teacher from each school was selected at random, resulting in group of twenty elementary school teachers. Based on the content analysis, five themes of instructional leadership behavior were found. These themes are： （1） determination of the school＇s purpose; （2） management of instruction; （3） evaluation of students; （4） support to teachers; and （5） creation of a regular learning-teaching environment.     

An Analysis of the Effects of Communication Skills Training Provided to the Mothers of Six-Year-Old Children on the Social Skills of Children

This study aims to analyze the effects of communication skills training program provided to the mothers on the social skills of their children. The study uses pre- and post-tests control group design. Experiment and control groups consisted of a total of 30 six-year-old children who were enrolled in nursery school. Experiment group consisted of 15 children; control group consisted of 15 children. The mothers of the children in experiment group were provided communication skills training for 13 weeks. SSES （social skills evaluation scale） was administered to the children before and after the training. The results of pre- and post- tests were compared and the effects of mothers＇ training program on the social skills of the children were investigated.     

非谓语动词专项练习

用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. He entered the classroom ________ （follow） by a group of students. 2._________（not receive） a reply, we wrote again. 3._________ （inspire） by the expert＇s speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.     

Research on the protection effect of pioglitazone for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in rats

Objective： The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） has markedly increased. Insulin resistance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This study was aimed at observing the relationship between insulin resistance and NAFLD, and evaluating the role of pioglitazone （PGZ） acting as insulin-sensitizing agents in the prevention and treatment of rat fatty liver induced by high fat feeding. Methods： The rats were separated randomly into 6 groups： model group Ⅰ were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks, PGZ prevention group were given PGZ 4 mg/（kg.d） simultaneously, while control group Ⅰ were fed normal food for 8 weeks; model group Ⅱ were fed high fat diet for 16 weeks, PGZ treatment group were given PGZ 4 mg/（kg.d） orally simultaneous with high fat diet for 8 weeks after high fat feeding for 8 weeks, control group Ⅱ were fed normal food for 16 weeks. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks and 16 weeks respectively. Liver weight, body weight, serum activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）, fasting blood glucose （FBG）, fasting plasma insulin （FINS）, HOMA （homeostasis model assessment） insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR）, and the liver histology of rats of all groups were assayed. Results： After 8 weeks, the liver in model group Ⅰ showed typical steatosis, accompanied with mild to moderate lobular inflammatory cell infiltration, liver indexes and serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TNF-α were significantly increased （P〈0.05） compared with control group Ⅰ. Whereas, the degree of hepatic injury was attenuated in PGZ prevention group, liver indexes and serum levels of ALT, ALP were significantly decreased （P〈0.05） compared with model group Ⅰ. After 16 weeks, notable steatosis, and lobular inflammation were observed in model group Ⅱ rat liver, while the degree of hepatic injury was attenuated in the PGZ treatment group. Liver index, serum levels ofALT, AST, ALP, FINS and HOMA-IR were significantly increased （P〈0.05） in model group Ⅱ compared with control group Ⅱ. Whereas, in PGZ treatment group, serum levels of AST and FINS showed decreasing tendency, liver indexes, serum levels of ALT, ALP, TNF-α and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased compared with model group Ⅱ. Conclusion： Insulin resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in rats. Pioglitazone can attenuate insulin resistance and biochemical and histological injury in high fat-induced fatty liver in rats.     

A new local ablation for unresectable primary liver tumor： effect of electrothermal and electrochemical therapy on rat liver

Background： Electrochemical therapy （ECT） has been used to treat unresectable hepatic tumor. In order to improve its efficacy, we combined ECT with hyperthermia induced by electrothermal needle （ETN） （ETECT）. The aim of this study is to investigate the destructive effect of ETECT on normal rat liver. Methods： Twenty rats were randomized into 4 treatment groups （n=5 in each group）： control, ECT alone, hyperthermia alone and ETECT. Following the treatment, sections of the livers were histologically examined by light microscopy and the destructive volumes were measured with micrometer. Results： We found that the destructive volumes in ETECT group were the largest （P〈0.01）. In ETECT group coagulative necrosis was found in both anode and cathode areas, around which transition zones existed. The transition zones can only be seen when coulomb was increased in ECT group. Conclusion： ETECT was demonstrated to enhance the destructive effect of ECT. This study provides theoretical and experimental basis for a new local ablative treatment for unresectable primary liver tumor.     

Physical Appearance and Intimate Friendship in Adolescence： A Study Using a Portuguese College Student Sample

A group of students enrolled in the 12th year of education, was asked to answer a direct application questionnaire containing the following measures： Intimate Friendship Scale （IFS） （Sharabany, 1994）, The Self-perception Profile for College Students （Neemann ＆ Harter, 1986） adapted for the Portuguese population （Ribeiro, 1994） and Social Notation of Family Scale -Adapted Graffar, adapted of the original （Graffar, 1956）. The values of Intimate Friendship are higher for girls and the values of Perception of Physical Appearance, were higher for boys.     

碎裂QRS波对急性心肌梗死患者的短期预后评估(英文)简

This study is aimed to investigate the clinical significance and the short-term prognostic value of frag- mented QRS （fQRS） for patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Three hundred patients with AMI were tested with retrospective analysis on the patients＇ clinical information, hospitalized treatment, fQRS onset time, location of lesions, and other relevant data, in order to assess the relationship between the presence of fQRS and its prognosis. The rates of malignant cardiac arrhythmia, left ventricular systolic dysfunction （LVSD）, and mortality in the positive fQRS group were 13.6%, 29.2%, and 23.7%, respectively, with all showing a p value 〈0.05. For the ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） subgroup, all the rates showed significant differences with a p value 〈0.01, while for the non-STEMI （NSTEMI） subgroup showed no significant differences. In patients with a positive fQRS, there were no differences in malignant cardiac arrhythmia between patients with and without percutaneous coronary in- tervention （PCI） （p〉0.05）. As for the LVSD and mortality, the p values between patients with and without PCI were 0.031 and 0.000, respectively, suggesting statistical significance. The results imply that AMI patients with positive fQRS especially for the patients with STEMI had higher rates of malignant cardiac arrhythmia, LVSD, and mortality than the non-fQRS group. Patients of AMI with positive fQRS, who underwent early revascularization, could lower the incidence of the cardiovascular event. In addition, the presence of fQRS could be used as an indication of early in- tervention treatment for patients.     

Up-regulation interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 by activated protein C in lipopolysaccharide-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Objective： To investigate the effect of activated protein C （APC） on inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVEC） stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Methods： The second passage of collagenase digested HUVEC was divided into the following groups： serum free medium control group （SFM control）, phosphate buffer solution control group （PBS control）, LPS group with final concentration of 1 μg/ml （LPS group）, APC group with final concentration of 7 μg/ml, Pre-APC group （APC pretreatment for 30 min prior to LPS challenge）, and Post-APC group （APC administration 30 min after LPS challenge）. Supernatant was harvested at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after LPS challenge. Interleukin-6 （IL-6） and Interleukin-8 （IL-8） levels were analyzed with ELISA. Cells were harvested at 24 h after LPS challenge, and total RNA was extracted. Messenger RNA levels for IL-6 and IL-8 were semi-quantitatively determined by RT-PCR. Results： Compared with control group, IL-6 and IL-8 levels steadily increased 4 to 24 h after LPS stimulation. APC treatment could increase LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production. The mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-8 exhibited a similar change. Conclusion： APC can further increase the level of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by LPS. The effect of these elevated cytokines is still under investigation.     

AFAR: adaptive fuzzy ant-based routing for communication networks

We propose a novel approach called adaptive fuzzy ant-based routing （AFAR）, where a group of intelligent agents （or ants） builds paths between a pair of nodes, exploring the network concurrently and exchanging obtained information to update the routing tables. Routing decisions can be made by the fuzzy logic technique based on local information about the current network state and the knowledge constructed by a previous set of behaviors of other agents. The fuzzy logic technique allows multiple constraints such as path delay and path utilization to be considered in a simple and intuitive way. Simulation tests show that AFAR outperforms OSPF, AntNet and ASR, three of the currently most important state-of-the-art algorithms, in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery, and packet drop ratio. AFAR is a promising alternative for routing of data in next generation networks.     

Improving Writing Skills of Thai EFL Students by Recognition of and Compensation for Factors of L 1 to L2 Negative Transfer

In this study, we examined the likelihood of a TAME （extended technology acceptance model）, in which the interrelationships among computer self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, intention to use and self-reported use of computer-mediated technology were tested. In addition, the gender- and age-invariant of its causal structure were evaluated. The data were collected from a self-reported questionnaire administered to 477 administrative staff of a public university in Malaysia. The results of structural equation modeling supported the adequacy of TAME. Although the TAME＇s causal structure was applicable to both male and female staff, age group appeared to moderate the structural relationships among the constructs of interest.     

Accelerated effect on Mitsunobu reaction via bis-N-tert-butoxycarbonylation protection of 2-amino-6-chloropurine and its application in a novel synthesis of penciclovir

Solubility of 2-amino-6-chloropurine in Mitsunobu solvents could be significantly improved after its exocyclic amino group is protected via N-tert-butoxycarbonylation. The bis-Boc protected 2-amino-6-chloropurine also shows excellent activity and N9 selectivity in the coupling with various alcohols by a Mitsunobu reaction. Then, a new practical and efficient method is established for the synthesis of penciclovir （PCV） from bis-Boc-2-amino-6-chloropurine 9 and the side chain of 5-（2-hydroxyethyl）-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxane 5~the latter being a more easily prepared cyclic precursor of the diacetate side chain used in the conventional process. The coupling of 9 with 5 proceeded regioselectively at a N9 position of purine derivative for a good yield under Mitsunobu conditions.     

Influence of fasting on muscle composition and antioxidant defenses of market-size Sparus macrocephalus

The study was conducted to investigate fasting effects on flesh composition and antioxidant defenses of market-size Sparus macrocephalus. Two hundred fish （main initial weight 580 g） were divided into two groups （control and fasted） and reared in 6 cages. After two weeks of adaptation, group I fasted for 28 d; group II was fed normally as a control. In 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, 6 fish per group were sampled for proximate flesh composition, liver antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde flesh content analyses. In fasted fish, the reduction of lipid content in muscle occurred after day 3, and, compared to controls, the content of protein decreased from day 14, the activities of liver antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GPX） increased from day 3, and flesh malondialdehyde levels increased from day 21. Flesh fat reduction shows that fasting may be used as a technique to reduce flesh lipid content in Sparus macrocephalus. However, considering flesh protein loss and the subsequent oxidative stress, the fasting technique should be used with precautions.