版权保护与盗版侵权的经济学分析

行使版权及相关知识产权保护,旨在防止权利所有人经济价值的损失。本文探讨了盗窃、侵权和盗版对受保护作品造成的损失以及这些损失反映在实物作品和虚拟作品上的差异。作者分析非法使用带来的成本和供求关系变化,揭示其导致的经济损失。同时考察对实物作品和虚拟作品的盗窃、侵权和盗版所产生的不同影响,认为这些损失的负面影响完全有可能避免,虚拟产品由于盗窃、侵权和盗版遭受的损失要小于实物产品。     

打造用户学习中心:图书馆学习共享空间构建研究

学习共享空间在构建主义学习理论的影响下具有支持学习的内涵,是确立图书馆学习中心地位的重要服务模式。在充分发挥用户学习中心的功能的基础上,从物理共享空间、虚拟共享空间、文化共享空间三个维度构建学习共享空间。学习共享空间将朝参与E-learning和功能整合的趋势发展,使图书馆成为用户学习中心。     

Devising Video Distribution Strategies via the Internet: Focusing on Economic Properties of Video Products

This article tries to link economic properties of video products to strategies that can be used by Internet-based video distributors. First, this study suggests 4 economic properties of video products: video as an experience good, returns to scale, video as a public good, and interdependency of willingness to pay. Second, based on economic attributes, this study synthesizes several strategies. Finally, this article uses a case study to compare theoretical strategies to actual strategies used by 2 Internet-based movie distributors. As a result of this study, we found that there are several possible strategies that are not yet being used in practice. It is expected that as the market becomes more mature through the development of technologies (e.g., digital rights management), more strategies will be adopted by online video distributors.     

THE MISSION OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY

The author briefly describes arguments used in the quality versus demand debate, discusses how a number of public librarians have compromised between the two in their selection practices, and shows how battle lines are being redrawn with the rise of public libraries which claim to be exclusively demand‐oriented.

The bulk of the paper, however, reviews research done during the last quarter‐century in public libraries to determine whether any evidence has been found to support claims that demand‐oriented public libraries are filled with materials of dubious quality. While a great deal has been written on the quality versus demand issue, the author notes that much of it is rhetoric only; the research itself is scanty, in part due to the complexities of defining and measuring quality. However, three factors are identified which have been assumed to affect collection quality: the financial resources the library devotes to book purchases, the educational background of individual selectors, and the degree of contact such selectors have with the public. The author reviews studies relating to these factors and concludes that to date, there is no evidence to corroborate the belief that the quality of books in demand‐oriented libraries is less than that of their quality‐oriented counterparts. Suggestions for future research needed are included.     

国际经济信息需求与供给分析研究

论述国际经济信息需求和供给的意义、含义、特征、发展现状、影响国际经济信息需求和供给的因素及其相互影响,并在此基础上分析当前国际经济信息供需差距,探讨如何缩小信息供需间的差距和提高信息的有效供给,进而提出满足国际经济信息需求的对策和建议。     

虚拟参考咨询的理性思考

实时虚拟参考起步于商界,目前举步维艰。国外图书馆实时虚拟参考效果甚微,处境尴尬。且这项作业成本高昂,图书馆包袱沉重。国内对实时虚拟参考咨询项目应慎重决策,要从资金来源、用户市场、馆员素质、技术装备、虚拟环境及工作模式等方面作深入分析研究,待条件具备时才能上马。表1。参考文献13。     

公权力拥有者主张私权利的限制与评价——从重庆公安局支持民警“双起”维权谈起

本文从双起事件入手,探讨了公权力组织及公权力人物与媒介的关系,并就公权力人物主张私权利成立要件进行了分析。同时,作者从起诉行为的社会评价角度,说明了评论和评价都源自公权力的赋予者——社会公众。公权力组织和个人起诉主张自身的私权利这一行为并没有错,但其中需要注意起诉的条件。我国要成为法制国家,追求以法治国,必须成为一个宪政中国,尊重并保护公民的权利。     

Media Plurality and the Intensity of Readers' Political Preferences

In this article, the author studied the effect of the intensity of readers' political preferences on the news firms' incentives to choose between a single- and a multi-ideology strategy (i.e., media uniformity vs. media plurality). The author shows that alternative formalizations of the intensity of readers' preferences alter the equilibrium level of media plurality, given that they affect demand for news. In particular, when the readers' disutility of consuming news that differs from their ideal variety is relatively high for politically close news, the media firms choose a multi-ideology strategy, because the increase in demand is large. On the contrary, when the readers' disutility of consuming news that differs from their ideal variety is relatively low for politically close news, media firms choose a single-ideology strategy because a multi-ideology strategy does not significantly increase demand.     

读者权利:图书馆服务中一个不容忽视的问题

从法制的视野认识读者的权益，剖析图书馆服务中存在的“违权”、“违法”的问题，提出实现与保障读者权利的基本对策。     

The cocial construction of mobile telephony: an application of the social influence model to perceptions and uses of mobile phones within personal communication networks

The purpose of this study was to test the argument that perceptions and uses of mobile phones are socially constructed in close personal networks. The study hypothesized that, through collective sense making, perceptions and uses of mobile phones would be more similar within 45 personal communication networks than for the entire sample of 194 individuals. Findings from a self-report survey reveal that several factors were significantly more similar within the networks than for individuals throughout the sample, including perceptions of the handset as a means of display, use for safety and security, attitudes about use in public, microcoordination, hypercoordination, and comfort with technology. Interviews were conducted to explore how perceptions and uses were shaped through relationships and interactions situated in social context. The interview data illuminate how social interaction contributed to perceptions and uses in four key areas: mobile phone adoption, attitudes about products and services, perceptions of non-normative use, and collective use. Results of the study serve as evidence supporting the argument that perceptions and uses of communication technologies are, at least in part, constructed socially among close personal contacts. This study demonstrates why it is important for researchers to consider social contacts and social contexts when examining the implications of communication technologies.     

论复合图书馆文献信息资源开发的模式演变

随着复合图书馆的发展,图书馆的文献信息资源开发工作正在发生着一系列模式演变:社会需求模式从文献保障转变为知识保障;开发范围从纸本为主转变为虚实一体化;开发深度从"种""卷""册"转变为知识单元;开发技术从文献加工转变为知识重组;开发产品从二、三次文献转变为以知识库为主.     

The influence of talk radio on political efficacy and participation

Talk radio has emerged as a major political force in the past few years, but there is little systematic evidence on how talk shows may affect listeners. The author uses national survey data to investigate how talk radio exposure may influence two important aspects of a healthy democracy: political efficacy and participation. The author concludes that talk radio is unrelated to self‐efficacy, the belief of one's own competence to deal with public affairs. However, attention to talk radio leads to less system efficacy, the belief in the responsiveness of government institutions and officials. Finally, exposure is found to be strongly related to participating in a number of conventional political activities.     

针对读者需求的图书馆营销策略

认为针对用户需求开展营销活动是提高图书馆服务质量的最佳途径。结合国内外一些图书馆的典型案例和部分经济学原理,从如何充分挖掘读者需求、与读者建立密切关系、加强读者合作管理、整合图书馆营销体系等4个方面探讨图书馆的营销策略。     

Critical Explorations of Human Rights: Recent and Selected Works

Abstract

The author provides an overview of recent critical works on human rights that constitute important contributions to the literature and ties together key threads from the discourse. Monographs, edited collections, and select articles on human rights are examined that draw primarily on critical legal theory and feminist approaches, among others, such as radical democracy and radical cause lawyering. Also explored are intersections between the critical human rights scholarship surveyed and recent works on ecological feminism and environmental human rights. The author argues that such collected works are invaluable contributions for those seeking transformative approaches to law and social change through the critical human rights lens.     

发展乡镇图书馆事业的依据及调控

The author has put forward an mathematical formula for defining the basis of developing library work of town and township libraries. The formula shows that the cultural demand coefficient of towns and townships are determined by the annual social total output, the per capita, per annum income, the total number of population, the rate of non-illiteracy, the land area and the amendment value. In order to show an object scene of the cultural demand of various towns and townships and the conditions of library work coordination,the author brings forward the cultual demand coefficient and the distribution illustration of the sample variable probability of the library holdings,thus the cultural demand curve is comparable to that of the existing holdings.1 illus.     

数字鸿沟的危害性及其跨越策略

数字鸿沟将进一步加剧贫富分化,威胁国家安全乃至全球政治经济的稳定,威胁世界文化财富和语言的多样性,剥夺一些人参与社会活动的权利。应调动一切可以调动的力量,携手解决这个问题。要加快发展中国家和农村的通信基础设施建设;在通信技术的研究开发中,优先考虑缩小数字鸿沟的技术;要全面提高教育水平,普及信息技术教育。     

我国虚拟参考咨询研究文献的计量学分析

采用文献计量方法,对国内虚拟参考咨询研究领域论文的时间分布、著者分布、期刊分布及主题分布进行了定量分析,探讨了这一领域论文研究特点及存在的问题,对今后的进一步研究提出建议。     

Do Holdings Have a Future?

Summary

Holdings are multipurpose data which libraries use to acquire and control publications, display information to users, and manage physical and sometimes virtual items. This workshop focused on how the various functions interact, what further services librarians will demand from automation of their holdings, and what they can do in the meantime to make their holdings more useful. The workshop gave special attention to the USMARC Format for Holdings Data (MHFD), its features, advantages and difficulties, and its particular role in conveying serials information. It explored possibilities for adapting the format to solve the special problems associated with multiple versions and title changes.     

A Virtual Reference Shelf for Nursing Students and Faculty

SUMMARY

A virtual shelf for nursing that closely mirrors what previously was found on a physical reference shelf is now a reasonable goal. Advantages of doing this for nursing students and faculty in an academic setting are enumerated. Overviews of relevant vendor and publisher interfaces and models are included. The authors present a selected list of appropriate electronic reference sources that demonstrate how e-books and Internet sites can be combined to build a virtual reference shelf in this subject area.