Learning to Love the LOR: Implementing an Internal Learning Object Repository at a Large National Organization

This article is a case study that discusses the development and implementation of an internal learning object repository (LOR) for a large national organization with a distributed working environment. It describes the organizational environment and why an internal LOR was needed. It describes technical considerations, including the various document management systems (DMS) available, and why an open source DMS was selected to use as an internal LOR. Lastly, this article weighs the benefits and challenges of implementing a LOR across a distributed working environment and reflects on challenges associated with implementation.     

英国专利开放许可制度实施效果的验证与启示——基于专利数量和质量的分析

[目的/意义] 英国是专利开放许可制度的开创者，验证其制度的实施效果，探寻其制度的利弊，有助于我国对于该制度的科学引入和实施。[方法/过程] 利用Innography数据库，对英国开放许可专利从数量和质量两个维度进行深入分析，数量分析包括时间、主体和技术领域的分析，质量分析主要是专利强度分析。[结果/结论] 2003-2019年英国开放许可专利年均登记量仅有1 364件；在有效开放许可专利中，92%由前20位国外大企业拥有，高校仅有16件，技术集中于汽车领域和计算机软件领域，足以说明该制度的整体吸引力有限且不均衡。但是，开放许可专利的质量并不低，况且有效开放许可专利中还有9%的高强度专利和少量的标准专利，侵权并无明显增加，比理论推导的结果要好。基于此，我国引入该制度时应该注意：年费的优惠幅度、许可费的开放性、辅助激励机制的效果以及我国高校和标准专利的适用性。     

英国专利开放许可制度实施效果的验证与启示——基于专利数量和质量的分析

[目的/意义] 英国是专利开放许可制度的开创者，验证其制度的实施效果，探寻其制度的利弊，有助于我国对于该制度的科学引入和实施。[方法/过程] 利用Innography数据库，对英国开放许可专利从数量和质量两个维度进行深入分析，数量分析包括时间、主体和技术领域的分析，质量分析主要是专利强度分析。[结果/结论] 2003-2019年英国开放许可专利年均登记量仅有1 364件；在有效开放许可专利中，92%由前20位国外大企业拥有，高校仅有16件，技术集中于汽车领域和计算机软件领域，足以说明该制度的整体吸引力有限且不均衡。但是，开放许可专利的质量并不低，况且有效开放许可专利中还有9%的高强度专利和少量的标准专利，侵权并无明显增加，比理论推导的结果要好。基于此，我国引入该制度时应该注意：年费的优惠幅度、许可费的开放性、辅助激励机制的效果以及我国高校和标准专利的适用性。     

Revisiting a Polysemic Text: The African American Press's Reception of Gone With the Wind

This article is a historical and discursive analysis of the African American press's reception of the motion picture Gone With the Wind (1939). The African American press represents a specific sphere wherein ambivalence and resistance to the cultural hegemony exhibited in this popular film text may be examined. Coverage of the film by 5 newspapers from December 1939 through May 1940 suggests a process in which discourse changed from watchful indifference to ambivalence toward the film. News and commentary suggest the polysemic readings of the text by African American journalists and filmgoers and the emergence of more complex forms of viewer resistance to Hollywood's cultural hegemony. The Academy Award received by Hattie McDaniel for her performance made the sense of resistance to such hegemony more substantive, while also bringing a new sense of purpose to the audiences' readings of the text. The resistance to this cultural hegemony was cut short, however, when reports of a new production of The Birth of a Nation (1915) were carried by the newspapers. A collective effort by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the African American press, and its readers curtailed the remake of The Birth of a Nation, although it would be years before Hollywood included African Americans in meaningful, multidimensional roles.     

The More You Know … The More You Enjoy? Applying ‘Consumption Capital Theory’ To Motion Picture Franchises

In this article, we build on Stigler and Becker’s (1977) “consumption capital theory” and propose a novel conceptualization of film quality for the analysis of motion picture franchises. Generally, this theory predicts that the utility consumers derive from a particular good or service increases with prior consumption. We test our theoretical conjectures by drawing on the population of sequels that were running in the US between 1992 and 2011. The empirical results point to the explanatory power of the proposed framework. Film executives may use our findings to improve the profitability of their sequel productions. From a theoretical point of view, consumption capital theory allows for a more refined analysis of sequel performance along different dimensions. Moreover, it may provide a fruitful basis for the analysis of other serial media content, including books, TV, music, and games.     

Market Competition and Cultural Tensions Between Hollywood and the Korean Film Industry

The market shares of Hollywood movies in European and Asian markets are so large that policymakers around the world are concerned about the import domination not only in theaters but also in the subsequent windows. Media economists acknowledge that domestic producers have an advantage in terms of a "cultural discount," referring to the unavoidable disadvantage of imported films. However, expenditure on a film's production also determines the extent of popular appeal, thus creating an advantage for films that have a large and wealthy home market base such as Hollywood. In this article, I aim at understanding the dynamics of these 2 seemingly opposing forces in the motion picture market in Korea. I review the film market in Korea, explore the relation between performances of 2 windows, theaters and home video, over the two countries-the United States and Korea-and compare the determinants of performance of Hollywood and local films in Korean box offices. A strong hit orientation and preference for local content was empirically found.     

Development of Radio in Kazakhstan

This article discusses how radio in Kazakhstan changed after the Soviet Union collapsed and market-oriented independent countries emerged. Since independence in 1991, the media, including radio, developed partly as a private enterprise and partly as a government entity with government radio operations controlled by the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Corporation. State radio stations in Kazakhstan are subsidized and operations do not depend on popularity or successful competition for audiences. Commercial stations have found support in advertising and continue to be successful. Although Kazakhstan has been independent for about 20 years and Kazakh stations are successful, the radio market in Kazakhstan is dominated by Russian radio. This article highlights the significant challenge for Kazakh radio as it continues to develop a uniquely Kazakh character that can promote Kazakh language and culture, and successfully attract a Kazakh audience.     

Effects of Image Motion on a Small Screen on Emotion,Attention, and Memory: Moving-Face Versus Static-Face Newscaster

We examined the modulating influence of a small moving vs. static facial image on emotion- and attention-related subjective and physiological responses to financial news read by a newscaster, and on memory performance among 36 young adults. A moving-face newscaster was associated with high self-reported pleasure and arousal, but not with physiological arousal (electrodermal activity). Facial electromyographic responses to facial image motion were at variance with pleasure ratings. Facial motion was associated with decreased respiratory sinus arrhythmia, an index of attention, and improved memory performance for positive messages. A talking facial image on a small screen increases attention and knowledge acquisition.     

A Tutorial on Testing,Visualizing, and Probing an Interaction Involving a Multicategorical Variable in Linear Regression Analysis

Empirical communication scholars and scientists in other fields regularly use regression models to test moderation hypotheses. When the independent variable X and moderator M are dichotomous or continuous, the practice of testing a linear moderation hypothesis using regression analysis by including the product of X and M in a model of dependent variable Y is widespread. However, many research designs include multicategorical independent variables or moderators, such as in an experiment with three or more versions of a stimulus where participants are randomly assigned to one of them. Researchers are less likely to receive training about how to properly test a moderation hypothesis using regression analysis in such a situation. In this tutorial, we explain how to test, visualize, and probe interactions involving a multicategorical variable using linear regression analysis. While presenting and discussing the fundamentals—fundamentals that are not software specific—we emphasize the use of the PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS, as it greatly simplifies the computations and potential for error that exists when doing computations by hand or using spreadsheets based on formulas in existing books on this topic. We also introduce an iterative computational implementation of the Johnson-Neyman technique for finding regions of significance of the effect of a multicategorical independent variable when the moderator is continuous.     

Screen Survival of Movies at Competitive Theaters: Vertical and Horizontal Integration in a Spatially Differentiated Market

This article empirically examines the effects of vertical integration and horizontal control on the exhibition of films at competing theaters in a market in which some theater owners are integrated into film distribution and others are not. It analyzes the duration of the exhibition runs of movies released by distributors who owned no theaters in Singapore during 2002 and 2003 through a survival model. The estimation shows that films released by these distributors are exhibited for shorter periods in distributor-owned theaters than in independently owned (i.e., unintegrated) theaters, and in theaters that belong to large theater chains than in the theaters of small theater chains. A spatial aspect of competition among theaters with different owners is revealed in the finding that a film is more likely to stay on at the theater at a given time when an adjacent rival theater still runs the same title. The increase in the probability of screen survival due to the spatial rivalry is greater the nearer the competing theater. These results are found when both film and theater-specific variations are controlled for.     

Acrylic emulsion paint films: The effect of solution pH,conductivity, and ionic strength on film swelling and surfactant removal

To date, a limited number of aqueous conditions have been tested experimentally as potential cleaning reagents on modern acrylic paint films. Those assessed have tended to extract measurable quantities of paint film components and distort the paint films physically. In this paper the results of a series of experiments designed to examine pH, conductivity, and specific ion effects of potential aqueous cleaning solutions on a series of commercial acrylic paints are reported. A three-dimensional microscopic technique was used to characterize the physical (volume and surface roughness) changes and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the chemical (extracted surfactant) changes following paint film exposure to the aqueous solution. The tested paint films in this study clearly exhibit an isotonic point below which swelling and extraction is significant, and above which the swelling and extraction is diminished. Manipulation of conductivity and the ionic species in solution can reduce both the physical film changes and surfactant extraction from acrylic paint films; while pH appears to be of limited use in controlling aqueous cleaning effects. Moreover, there seems to be a specific ion effect for both swelling and de-swelling in acrylic paint films that can be rationalized through the Hofmeister Series.     

Conceptualizing hybrid model for influencing intention to adopt cloud computing in North-Eastern Nigerian academic libraries

The understanding of cloud computing adoption in academic libraries in North-Eastern Nigeria is still unclear. Therefore, this research combines two technology adoption theories of technology-organizational-environmental and diffusion of innovation (TOE-DOI) theories to identify the influencing factors and develop a model for the adoption of cloud computing in academic libraries. A quantitative technique using survey design was adopted and previously used scales were adapted and formulated structured questionnaires. The study population comprises decision-makers from North-Eastern Nigerian academic libraries and purposive sampling was used in selecting 212 sample respondents where 192 were found usable. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Partial Least Square–Structured Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analyzing the data. Findings revealed that all the independent variables (relative advantage, compatibility, technophobia, government regulations and competitive pressure) were significant factors in the adoption of cloud computing in academic libraries. In contrast, the moderating variable (perceived trust) was found to be insignificant in all the relationships. Based on this finding, it is recommended that the significant factors should be given serious attention when deciding to adopt cloud computing by academic libraries. The moderating variable should be tested in future studies to ascertain its effect in that context.     

危机事件中网络信息表征对用户持续分享意愿影响研究

[目的/意义]为了探索危机事件中网络信息表征对用户持续分享意愿的影响机制，通过对网络中不同表征的信息进行分类和定级，对危机信息进行差异化监控与治理，并从信息表征的视角强化正面信息的用户持续分享意愿。[方法/过程]以信息表征为自变量、持续分享意愿为因变量及体验保留度与感知渗透性为中介变量构建研究理论模型。通过问卷调查法对相关数据进行采集，采用结构方程模型方法，并借助AMOS22.0统计软件对数据进行处理和分析。[结果/结论]其研究结论为：①危机事件中网络信息的动作性表征、映像性表征及符号性表征分别通过体验保留度及感知渗透性的中介作用，对用户的信息持续分享意愿产生显著正向影响；②动作性表征信息对用户持续分享意愿的影响效应最大，其次为映像性表征信息，最小为符号性表征信息；③信息表征对用户持续分享意愿的影响效应，在人口统计学上存在显著性差异。     

Market Competition and the Media Performance of Taiwan's Cable Television Industry

Using industrial organization as the theoretical framework, this study examines the relation between market competition and the media performance of Taiwan's cable television industry. The media performance of cable television systems is defined as the subscribers' satisfaction with program service, customer service, and community service. A telephone survey was conducted to collect data for the study. This study's findings in general support a positive relation between market competition and media performance, which accords with most previous studies.     

Why we fought: Holocaust memory in Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan

–Steven Spielberg's film Saving Private Ryan has been criticized for its failure to frame narrative action in terms of national, moral purpose. This criticism can be understood in terms of the constraints that the “Vietnam syndrome” places upon contemporary cinematic narratives of war; Vietnam memory subverts earnest declaration of high national principle. This essay examines how Saving Private Ryan “reillusions” American national identity in the wake of Vietnam by giving presence to an even more distant past. Supported by close textual analysis of key scenes centering upon the sole Jewish character in the film, this reading argues that the specific moral justification for waging war and accepting its horrors and sacrifices is found in a moral crusade against the Nazi program of Holocaust. By suturing the Holocaust into the film as its moral foundation, the film participates in the “Americanization” of Holocaust memory, circumvents Vietnam as a source of traumatic memory, manufactures a redemptive national identity, and constructs an ethically usable past in the present.     

有关土壤特征指标曲线图表达形式的调查与谬误辨析

通过"中国知网"检索2011年发表的主题为"土壤深度"的论文,选择其中90篇查阅并下载图的标目为"土壤深度"及其含义的41篇论文进行图形式样调查统计,以探讨此类图形的正确、规范表达模式。结果显示:有34篇用曲线图,且曲线图出现7种不同的表达形式。对各曲线图式样以及图中标目的量与单位表达的谬误辨析结果表明,有关土壤特征指标曲线图的准确、规范表达模式为:以"土壤深度"为横标目(自变量),土壤特征指标为纵标目(因变量)且纵坐标轴向上,标值均为正数,标值增量方向与坐标轴方向一致,标值线向内。     

Network dynamics of interorganizational cooperation: the Croatian civil society movement

Throughout the world, social cause organizations and independent media organizations work together, despite their differences and competition with each other for resources, toward creating civil society. This paper assesses the network dynamics of a system of cooperative competitors in Croatia. The research is framed from the theoretical perspectives of resource dependency, cooperation competition, and structural holes with results that describe the roles of various organizations in the development of civil society. Network relationships are described among 18 civil society organizations from their initial participation in the Croatian transformation in the year 2000 to a democratic nation to two years later. Results identify benefits and drawbacks of the general system structure, specific organization's network roles, and reputations associated with networking activities. Theoretical implications address the complementary contributions of using multiple theoretical perspectives to approach interorganizational relationships and their pragmatic utility with respect to building stronger networks among civil‐society partners.     

聚氨酯／天然、丁腈热贴合硫化胶料配方探索胶的耐热油性能研究

贴合是橡胶加工中常用的一种工艺方法,贴合是指胶片的贴合,即使用压延机将两层或两层以上的多层的、同种或异种胶片压合在一起,使之成为较厚的胶片这样一种压延工艺过程。贴合工艺主要用于生产含胶率高、气体不易排出、气密性要求比较严格等性能要求的胶片的制备;适用于两种不同胶料组成的胶片以及夹布胶片等。在贴合胶片的生产中,为了保证贴合胶片的质量,要求各被贴胶片具有一致的可塑性,否则,将会导致胶层和起皱等现象。当胶料的配方和一次胶片的厚度均不相同时,两层胶片的贴舍,最好采用“同时贴合法”进行贴合加工,即将从压延机出来的两块新胶片同时进行热贴合。这样,可使贴合的半成品胶片致密、无气泡,也不容易起皱。     

Gender differences in information seeking behavior in three universities in West Bengal,India

The Information Revolution has resulted in dynamic changes in information dissemination services. It is difficult for most people to understand the dynamic causes, processes, and the effects of these changes on the information world. Gender as a variable has been identified in some studies as a possible influencing variable in information seeking research. Some social psychology depicts physical, mental and social differences between men and women in society. Gender as a variable may be useful for better understanding the cognitive and social background of human information processing and may have important implications for information dissemination services and systems. Hence, it is pertinent to explore the gender-specific differences in information seeking behavior of university students so as to better assist them in their information search processes.

The objective of this study was to determine whether gender as a variable is related to the information seeking behavior of university students. Data were collected from 600 university students studying different disciplines (arts, science and commerce) from three state-aided universities in West Bengal, India. Data tools included a General Information Schedule and an Information Seeking Behavior Inventory. Significant differences were noted in most of the domains of information seeking behavior with respect to gender (male and female). Females scored high on all the domains of information search except in diversity in search where the males were found to be high. The findings may have implications for research and practice in psychology, especially in the subfields of educational institutions, library science, cognitive development, and training and performance appraisal.