The Effect of a Numerical Domino Game on Numerical Magnitude Processing in Children With Mild Intellectual Disabilities

Children with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) appear to have particular problems in understanding the numerical meaning of Arabic digits. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a numerical domino game that specifically targeted the association between these digits and the numerical magnitudes they represent. Participants were 30 children with MID (M = 8.36 years), randomly assigned to either the numerical domino game or to a control color domino game. Findings revealed that both groups of children improved on a nonsymbolic comparison and arithmetic task. Most importantly, only children who played the numerical domino game became significantly faster from pretest to posttest on a symbolic comparison task. These findings suggest that numerical magnitude processing can be successfully trained in children with MID.     

Assessing Students With Disabilities: Issues and Evidence

Historically, many students with disabilities were excluded from large-scale assessments. Recent federal and state policy initiatives, including the most recent reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, require that the large majority of students with disabilities be included in the statewide assessments used in accountability systems. Although most observers agree that educational outcomes for students with disabilities were inadequate before the new policies were implemented, the research undergirding the new policies is limited. The reforms have spurred a rapid increase in relevant research, but more and improved research is needed. This article reviews the status of research on issues that are central to the new reforms and recommends directions for future research.     

“善本德育”的理论意义和实践价值

德育应“以善为本”,包括讲善言、种善因、存善心、行善举、扬善道,通过在静处闪光、让本真说话、为进步买单、对美丽负责、与成功有约、被幸福守望等等行动,培养学生忠恕、明理、知耻、礼让、悔过、孝慈、感念和敬畏的品性。     

Preparing School Counselors to Work With Students With Disabilities

Recent literature has demonstrated increasing roles for school counselors who work with students with disabilities, but it has also suggested that school counselors are not being adequately prepared to work with these students. In this research study, the authors investigated current courses and experiences focusing on disabilities offered in school counselor education programs. Results from the 137 participants suggest that school counselor education programs are incorporating more disability content into their training programs than they were in the past. Some disability content areas are included significantly more frequently in disability courses than in counseling program courses. Conclusions and implications are discussed.     

Reviving the Turtle: Exploring the Use of Logo with Students with Mild Disabilities

In this case study, a group of nine 4th grade children were introduced to the Logo programming language during three 90-minute sessions over a four-week period. They attended a private university-based laboratory school serving students with various learning disabilities. This project demonstrated that a classic version of Logo captured the students’ interest. It was a viable source of interactive challenge and problem-solving experience that provided students with a great deal of pride, intrinsic reward, enjoyment, and sense of ownership of learning. The process of overcoming obstacles while programming with Logo may be especially beneficial for students with mild disabilities.     

军备控制的理论与实践

军备控制 ,作为维护国家安全的手段之一 ,是对军备发展水平的限制 ,它以维持军事稳定与平衡为原则 ,是对军备竞赛的一种管理与安排 ,也可被看作是走向最终全面裁军的一个步骤。本文系统地总结了军备控制的历史、原理及作用 ,阐述了后冷战时期军备控制面临的困境及功能性演变 ,分析了造成这种局面的原因 ,并探讨了军备控制的发展方向     

交叉学科建设的理论与实践:以农科为例

针对以农科为主的重点大学交叉学科的建设,分析了交叉学科建设的原则和途径,以南京农业大学开展交叉学科建设工作为例,提出了推进交叉学科建设的主要措施。     

Students With Learning Disabilities: Homework Problems and Promising Practices

Students with learning disabilities are more likely than other students to have problems doing homework. In this article, we describe how deficits in language, attention, memory, and organizational skills as well as in reading, writing, and math affect homework performance. We describe family and school factors that may exacerbate-or ameliorate-their problems as well as the intervention research that has included students with learning disabilities. At this point, there appears to be a huge gap between the strategies successfully applied in intervention studies and teachers' preferences for interventions, a serious issue that spills over and has a negative influence on family life. Nonetheless, an emerging area of intervention research suggests that effective efforts to improve homework completion, accuracy, and test performance may require parental involvement, peer cooperation, self-monitoring and graphing, "real-life" assignments, teachercollaborative problem solving, or all.     

Working With Students With Psychiatric Disabilities or Other Emotional Problems

The professional literature on gatekeeping in social work education has grown; however, there remains a dearth in the literature regarding how educators truly work to engage students who are experiencing a psychiatric disability or other emotional problem. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 26 social work educators from 22 colleges and universities in the United States. Practice wisdoms emerged as interwoven strategies which encourage proactive interventions that accentuate students’ strengths through socially just opportunities. Identified strategies include having an awareness of psychosocial and environmental stressors that students may be experiencing, recognizing warning signs, approaching students, and building appropriate faculty–student relationships.     

Connecting Theories to Practice: A Model for Categorizing Theories According to Use

In modernist fashion, counseling theories are ordinarily categorized according to their common conceptual features. This system of classification generally does not serve counseling practitioners, who use theories to help clients. The author proposes a practitioner-based, postmodernist model of classification that organizes theories according to the ways that they can be used.     

Early Interventions for Children With Reading Disabilities

We examined the effectiveness of 3 different reading interventions in second and third graders with identified reading disabilities. Fourteen special education teachers taught 114 second and third graders either synthetic phonics, analytic phonics, or sight-word programs in the resource room 60 min a day for 1 school year. Growth in phonological and orthographic processing and word reading was compared for the 3 interventions. Facilitative effects of synthetic phonics were reduced when demo- graphic and Verbal IQ covariates were included in the growth-curve models. How- ever, the most significant mediator of intervention effects was initial differences in phonological and orthographic processing skills. Implications for service delivery and identification of children for special education are discussed.     

Practical Guidelines for Counseling Students With Disabilities

Counselors and advisers at the postsecondary level frequently work with students with disabilities, yet most have had very little training in this area. The authors discuss general interaction guidelines for working with people with disabilities. They also examine 7 themes that frequently arise when counseling or advising students with disabilities and provide suggestions for addressing the issues associated with these themes.     

Social Attributions of Students With Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to examine the social attributions of students with learning disabilities (LD) compared to those of nonlearning-disabled (NLD) low- achieving (LA) and average-achieving (AA) students. Ninety-two subjects partici- pated in the study; 32 students with LD and two matched control groups that consisted of 29 LA and 33 AA students. The results indicated that students with LD were likely to exhibit different social attribution patterns than did their NLD peers. They displayed a greater tendency to use external factors in explaining their social successes and failures, while attributing their successes to internal factors, than did LA and AA students. LA and AA students, conversely, were more likely to use interactional explanations of social events.     

在理论与实践之间：面向未来的研究生教育学 ——第三届全国研究生教育学学科建设理论与实践高端论坛综述

2019年4月12日,第三届全国研究生教育学学科建设理论与实践高端论坛会议在北京召开。本次论坛围绕研究生教育的基本问题研究及学科建设、研究生教育改革与发展等主题展开讨论。与会专家认为：站在新的历史起点上,要明确研究生教育的地位与作用,牢记研究生教育的核心在于育人,深入探索研究生教育学学科体系建设的方向和路径;要继续深化研究生教育改革,着力推动研究生教育迈向新台阶,努力促进我国从研究生教育大国向研究生教育强国转变。     

Adolescents With Disabilities: The Need for Occupational Social Skills Training

In this article, occupational social skills are defined and their importance is highlighted. The lack of occupational social skills has been estimated to be responsible for almost 90% of job loss. Although a number of commercial social skills instructional programs are available, none address social skills as they relate to specific occupations. We offer 4 different ways to develop appropriate occupational social skills training.     

Differences in Performance Between Students with Learning Disabilities and Mild Mental Retardation: Implications for Categorical Instruction

We reviewed eight studies that described learning differences between students with learning disabilities (LD) and students with mild mental retardation (MMR). A total of 639 students, 6–20 years old, participated in these studies. Study authors examined students' inductive reasoning and their performance during guided inquiry and more lengthy interventions in reading and math. Students with LD and students with MMR were assessed in terms of learning ease, pre‐ to posttreatment gains, and the maintenance, transfer, and application of knowledge acquisition. Students with LD statistically significantly outperformed students with MMR on both inductive reasoning and guided inquiry tasks. They made reliably larger gains following interventions in reading and math. Across all learning tasks and contexts, students with LD displayed greater consistency transferring and applying conceptual knowledge to new tasks. Regarding maintenance, results were mixed. Implications for categorical instruction are discussed.     

现代隐喻理论与实践

现代隐喻观认为隐喻是人类的思维方式和认知工具，语言本质上是隐喻性的，现代隐喻观的主要思想包括认知心理学、多值法、原型说和概念隐喻等。结合实践分析隐喻，在外语教学中有着十分重要的意义。