The Reliability and Validity of the Fitjump Photoelectric Cell System for Determining Vertical Jump Height

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to assess the reliability and validity of the Fitjump system. Fifty-seven participants (age = 22.62 ± 5.24 years, height = 180.69 ± 12.53 cm, body mass = 75.61 ± 9.56 kg) performed three countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) with a 1-week interval for test and retest reliability. For validity, the participants performed the same jump protocol on the force platform while being simultaneously measured with the Fitjump system. There was excellent test–retest reliability of the Fitjump system for CMJ and SJ with high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs) (0.97 and 0.97, respectively), low coefficient variation (CVs) (2.3% and 2.4%, respectively), and low typical error of estimate [(TEE (%)] (4.0% and 4.4%, respectively). For validity, ICCs were extremely high for CMJ and SJ (0.93 and 0.94, respectively), with low TEE (%) (2.9% and 2.0%, respectively). However, Fitjump overestimated jump height for CMJ and SJ (3.54 and 3.37 cm, respectively; p < 0.001) when compared with the force platform. As a conclusion, the Fitjump system demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and high relationship with a systematic bias for validity. Therefore, the Fitjump system can be used as a portable tool for monitoring vertical jump changes over time, but it should not be used interchangeably with a force platform.     

The Reliability and Validity of Selected Physical Fitness Tests for High School Girls

Abstract

The Rogers' Strength Test, the Kraus-Weber Test of Minimum Muscular Fitness, and a battery of motor fitness tests were administered to 169 freshmen, sophomore, and junior girls at Shoreline High School, Seattle, Washington. Each test was administered two or more times in order to investigate the reliability of the tests. The results seemed to indicate that the Rogers' Strength Test and Washington Battery were reliable, that those who scored high on the Washington Battery and on the PFI had a much lower percentage of failures on the Kraus-Weber test than did those with poor Washington Battery and PFI scores, and that there was a moderate correlation (.54) between the Washington Battery and the PFI.     

三种心肺功能运动负荷测试的评价效度研究

以VO2 max作为反映人体心肺功能的综合性评价指标,通过计算和比较目前国内、外常用的三种心肺功能运动负荷实验检测结果及其与VO2 m ax的相关性发现,台阶指数评价心肺功能的有效性明显不及2 0 m往返跑和库博1 2 min跑测试。研究分析认为,2 0 m往返跑因其操作方法简便、运动形式适当、评价效度高和易于实施与控制,成为简便有效的人体心肺功能运动负荷评价方法。     

Validity of the Blast Athletic Performance Monitor for Assessing Vertical Jump Height in Female Volleyball Players

Introduction: Wearable activity monitors have been developed for jump height assessment, but the Blast Athletic Performance monitor has not yet been validated, and it remains unclear if the Blast can track changes across a sports season. Methods: Collegiate women’s volleyball players (n = 20) wore the Blast monitor (waistband) while performing standing vertical jumps (SVJs) and one-step vertical jumps (OSJs) weekly during and after a 9-week season. Jump heights from the Blast were compared to a Vertec (criterion). Results: Correlations of Blast and Vertec were moderately high (r = 0.67–0.69), but the Blast underestimated SVJ and OSJ (9.2–10.0 cm), with mean absolute percent errors 19.8–21.0%. A + 23% correction factor reduced errors to 10.5–11.3%. The Blast did not detect small decreases (2–4 cm) in criterion-measured jump height in the postseason. Conclusion: The Blast underestimated jump height and had limited ability to detect changes of up to 5.0 cm following a volleyball season. A relative correction lowered, but did not eliminate, measurement error.     

滑翔伞定点与飞机定点跳伞的比较分析

运用对比分析等方法,对滑翔伞定点的航线和着陆方式进行了分析。结果表明:(1)滑翔伞定点中航线的设计和飞机定点跳伞的航线设计有所区别,由于客观条件滑翔伞不能执行正常的5边航线,迂回点的选择在第3边航线处为宜;(2)通过对两个项目的着陆方式及比赛规则进行比较,发现滑翔伞的下滑观察角度相对飞机定点跳伞要略小,而且着陆时伞速大于风速为宜。研究提示,要想安全飞行和快速发展滑翔伞项目,应当注意训练的正规化,熟知滑翔伞的飞行性能,把握滑翔伞的比赛规则,才能帮助更多的人们实现飞行梦想,更好地普及和推动这个项目的发展。     

The Validity and Reliability of the MyJump2 Application to Assess Vertical Jumps in Trained Junior Athletes

This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of jump assessments using the MyJump2 application. Eleven junior athletes (15 ± 1.4 years) performed five countermovement (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ) measured simultaneously by a force platform and MyJump2. Additionally, intra- and inter-day reliability was assessed over two sessions, 7 days apart. Extremely high agreement between MyJump2 and the force platform (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC ≥ 0.99) and the intra- and inter-operator agreement (ICC = 0.98–0.99) confirmed the validity and reliability of MyJump2. Mean typical errors (coefficient of variation percentage, CV%) within the first and second sessions were 4.9% and 4.5% respectively for CMJs, and 8.0% to 11.8% for DJ outcomes. CMJ height held acceptable inter-day reliability (CV < 10%; ICC > 0.8), while DJ did not. Results supported MyJump2 to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing jumps; however, with variability in DJs in this cohort, appropriate caution should be taken if including in a junior assessment battery.     

Actigraph及其信效度研究

体力活动不足是影响人类健康的重要因素,客观、准确的体力活动监测方法和仪器对于开展体力活动研究、运动干预和人们的日常健康管理具有重要意义。Actigraph是目前国外应用最多的加速度传感器能量消耗监测仪器之一,首先介绍了Actigraph的基本技术、参数,然后对相关Actigraph的文献从"信度"、"效度"、"能量消耗推算方程"、"仪器对比研究"等方面进行回顾,以期为相关研究提供有益参考。     

感知跳跃测量方法的可靠性研究

采用实验法及数理统计分析法，对431名大学生的感知跳跃进行多次测量，用单因素方差分析法对测量数据的可靠性进行统计分析。结果表明，性别、测量次数和取值方法是影响测量可靠性的因素。建议在运动员选材、机能评定以及全民健身体质测评工作中推广应用文章中的两种方法。     

球类项目灵敏测试的实践应用:基于信度与效度评价的系统综述

目的：对国内外经检验的球类运动灵敏测试方法的设计结构、信度和效度进行系统综述,为球类运动灵敏素质的评价提供更科学的测试方法。方法：通过数据库对相关关键词进行检索并搜集符合标准的文献,运用PE-Dro评分系统对文献进行质量评估。结果：共纳入33篇文献,质量评价平均得分15分,得分范围13~17分。所有搜集文献共包含59种测试方法,37种为改变方向速度测试（CODT）,22种为反应灵敏测试（RAT）。结果：CODT设计的移动距离相对更长,改变方向的次数相对更多,两类测试方法的变向角度主要采用45°、90°和180° ;CODT的组内相关系数（ICC）范围为0.5~0.99,RAT的ICC为0.33~0.99,3篇文献发现较低的信度且均为RAT ;效度检验主要通过区分运动员水平、比赛位置以及年龄段来实现。结论：球类项目灵敏素质评价主要应用CODT与RAT两类测试方法。由于设计结构的差异,两类方法在信度和效度上各有优劣。CODT具有相对更高的信度,RAT则具有相对更高的效度。认知与决策能力作为高水平球类运动员的关键指标,建议未来在球类项目灵敏素质测量评价中加入刺激源组件     

Vertical Jump and Leg Power Norms for Young Adults

Medical students and their spouses (N= 724) served as participants to create norm-referenced vertical jump values for active, healthy people ages 21–30. All tests were conducted and measured by thesameindividual during a campus fitness evaluation using a Vertec^TM apparatus.Jumpheightwas measured to the nearest 0.5 in.Meanjump height was similar throughout this age range within each gender. Mean jump scores, for men were 21–25 years = 22.2±3.5; 26–30 years = 21.9±3.3; and for women were 21–25 years = 14.1±2.5; 26–30 years = 14.0±2.4. From jump data, power and peak power were calculated. In this group of active individuals in their 20s, no decline in vertical jump success or power outputwas found between 21–25 and 26–30 year old groups.A table of norm-referenced values, based on percentiles,was developed that will be useful in comparing normal, active individuals in this age group to select individuals for whom leg power is an important performance measure.     

Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale (PHORS): Reliability,Validity and Invariance

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale (PHORS). Data for PHORS were collected from three different trail sites (Appalachian Trail, Pacific Crest Trail, and First Landing State Park) during three separate time periods, allowing for cross-validation and invariance testing. Exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, and invariance testing procedures were conducted. The results indicate that PHORS, with 13 items across three underlying factors, showed high reliability and strong evidences of validity. Full configural and metric invariance indicated the factor loading pattern. The measurement properties of PHORS were generally invariant across recreation participants using different trails, situating PHORS as a potential instrument that can be used in various outdoor recreation trail settings.     

The validity and reliability of the Basketball Jump Shooting Accuracy Test

The aim of this study was to examine the content validity, construct validity and reliability of the newly developed Basketball Jump Shooting Accuracy Test (BJSAT). Basketball athletes from different playing levels (State Basketball League [SBL], n = 30, age: 22.7 ± 6.1 yr; SBL Division I, n = 11, age: 20.6 ± 2.1 yr) completed four separate trials of the BJSAT with each trial consisting of shot attempts from two- and three-point distances at pre-determined court locations. Each shot attempt was scored utilising a criteria where higher scores were given when greater accuracy was exhibited. The BJSAT detected a significant, large difference in accuracy between two- and three-point shots (d = 0.99, p < 0.01). Relative reliability across the repeated trials was rated as moderate for all athletes (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.71, p < 0.01) and good for the SBL athletes (ICC = 0.78, p < 0.01). Absolute reliability for all athletes was above the acceptable benchmark (coefficient of variation = 16.2%); however superior to skill tests available in the literature. In conclusion, the BJSAT is sensitive to two- and three-point shooting accuracy and can reliably assess jump shooting accuracy in basketball athletes.     

Validity and Reliability of Trichotomous Achievement Goal Scale

The Trichotomous Achievement Goal Scale was developed by Agbuga and Xiang (2008 Agbuga, B. and Xiang, P. 2008. Achievement goals and their relations to self-reported persistence/effort in secondary physical education: A trichotomous achievement goal framework. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 27: 179–191. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) by including selected items from the scales of Duda and Nicholls (1992 Duda, J. L. and Nicholls, J. 1992. Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84: 290–299. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Elliot (1999 Elliot, A. J. 1999. Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34: 169–189. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), and Elliot and Church (1997 Elliot, A. J. and Church, M. A. 1997. A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72: 218–232. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and adapting them into Turkish. The scale consists of 18 items, and students rated each item on a 7-point Likert scale. To ascertain the validity and reliability of the Trichotomous Achievement Goal Scale, it was administered to 845 female and 861 male Turkish high school students attending three public schools in the 2008–2009 spring semester. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and Cronbach's alpha and Fornell and Larcker's (1981 Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F. 1981. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18: 39–50. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) criteria were tested on the items that measured the students' achievements, screening for the three distinct types of achievement goals proposed by the trichotomous framework. Based on the results of the study, the 16-item Trichotomous Achievement Goal Scale can be claimed as a valid a reliable scale.     

关于提高跳远运动员助跑准确性的研究

对7名跳远运动员采用标记跑进行了6个月的助跑训练,结果表明,这种方法能够促使助跑最后几步步长的稳定,明显提高助跑的准确性。并且有利于加快运动员助跑最后几步的步频,提高助跑后10m的水平速度,从而导致跳远专项成绩的提高。     

等速训练对篮球运动员弹跳力的影响

研究等速训练对篮球运动员弹跳能力的影响,探讨篮球运动员下肢力量训练的新方法。方法：以武汉体育学院男子篮球队10名队员为研究对象,运用实验法、数理统计分析法、文献资料法等进行研究。结果：左右屈髋肌和伸髋肌在60°／s、120°／s和180°／s时相对峰力矩训练后较训练前提高非常显著、左右屈膝肌在120°／s、180°／s时相对峰力矩训练后较训练前提高非常显著、左右踝跖屈肌在60°／s、120°／s时相对峰力矩训练后较训练前提高非常显著;左右屈髋肌、屈膝肌和踝跖屈肌在60°／s和120°／s时到达峰力矩时间训练后较训练前缩短非常显著;立定跳远和助跑单脚跳摸高成绩均显著提高。结论：等速训练可以有效地提高篮球运动员下肢弹跳能力,是一种值得实践推广的训练方法。     

师范大学生三级跳远运动员助跑踏跳准确性分析

现状调查法、文献法、数理统计法等,对年第六全国高等师范大学生田径运动会(甲、乙、丙三个组别)三级跳远决赛中,男、女运动员的助跑踏跳调查分析,旨在给教练员和运动员充分认识到助跑踏跳准确的重要性,科学地进行针对性的训练,稳定助跑踏跳的准确性,提高运动成绩,为读者提供参考。     

体育测量评价中信度、效度检验的应用研究

对信度、效度的概念进行了解析,分析了其相互之间的关系,对信度和效度在体育测量评价中的应用领域及存在的问题进行了研究,并对信度、效度检验的应用研究提出了可行的建议,以期更好的控制测评情境,尽量降低信度和效度的误用几率及测评误差。