Language and the Curriculum in Hong Kong: Dilemmas of triglossia

As with colonial transition elsewhere, the language patterns in Hong Kong have changed with the return of sovereignty to China. Biglossia (whereby Hong Kong Cantonese and English predominate) is shifting to triglossia, as Putonghua, the official language of the People's Republic of China, has become increasingly important. This paper focuses on the impact of colonial transition and in particular the emergence of Putonghua and on the language subjects in the primary and secondary school curricula in Hong Kong. It argues that, whilst the rationale for promoting Putonghua is logical, tensions are evident in the school curricula, most notably in two areas. Firstly, the curricula were already heavily biased in favour of language subjects and, secondly, the necessary teaching expertise for Putonghua is not readily available.     

新加坡与香港地区教师教育比较

1970年,新加坡总理李光耀在香港大学年会上以"双城记"为题做了一场发人深省的演讲,除了讲述新加坡和香港地区所取得的相似成就与优势以外,还进一步做出预测,表示两地在未来将会取得更大的成功.在此基础上,笔者试图从一个更为广泛和更具批判性的视角进行深入分析,首先梳理出二者基本差异,进而再讨论是哪些特定的政治、文化和教育因素最终导致了二者的不同发展路径和成果.国际研究学者围绕同一主题共同创作了一篇具有独到见解的文章,这使得1970年发表的这篇文章在35年后又被重新提起.     

Beyond Pedagogy: Language and identity in post-colonial Hong Kong

The society of Hong Kong objected strongly when the government instructed schools to change their medium of instruction from English to Chinese at the junior secondary level soon after Hong Kong was reunited with the People's Republic of China in 1997. This paper tries to make sense of the objection to this piece of politically correct and pedagogically sound policy. It analyses the situation from Bourdieu's ideas of habitus and various types of capitals. The paper argues that the government's effort to persuade Hong Kong society to accept mother-tongue education on pedagogical grounds alone was to no avail because the English language has not only become a habitus of society; it also serves to distinguish Hong Kong people from mainland Chinese. The failure of the government was partly due to its insensitivity to the nature and social functions of language.     

Teachers as Disempowered and Demoralised Moral Agents: School Board Management and Teachers in Hong Kong

This study argues that teachers are disempowered and demoralised moral agents. Specifically, it uses a qualitative study of Hong Kong teachers to show that teachers’ agency in the pursuit of the moral goal of education is socially disempowered. The study shows that although teachers are committed to the moral goal of education, the obstacles to attaining this goal result in demoralisation. The difficulties consist of technical disempowerment (deprivation of power over one’s labour) and cognitive disempowerment (deprivation of power to identify the instructional value of teachers’ work), which are induced by managerialist educational reforms and school administration.     

语言测试理论在汉语水平考试中的应用

语言测试是应用语言学的一个重要理论分支,它把探究人的语言能力作为自己的终极目标,而将其直接用于语言教学实践,则对提高教学质量有不可低估的积极作用.近年来,"汉语热"在全球范围内持续升温.在韩、日等国,汉语水平考试(HSK)的成绩已成为许多企业招聘及升职的标准之一.因此,汉语水平考试也越来越受到人们的关注,文章通过对语言测试理论中几个主要理论的介绍及其应用,谈它们在HSK研究中的作用.     

第一语言和第二语言语言水平发展的异同及其对外语教学的启示作用(英文)

通过介绍二语习得理论中关于第一语言和第二语言语言水平发展的异同的相关研究,阐明了语言习得/学习过程是一个包含语言,认知,情感和社会交往等多重范畴的过程。在很大程度上,第一语言和第二语言习得/学习的特殊性(如年龄,认知能力,学习动机,学习策略,社会环境等)决定了第一语言和第二语言在语言水平的发展上存在很大的差异性。鉴于此,文章也深入探讨了第一语言和第二语言语言水平发展的差异性对于外语教学的启示作用。     

香港特区中国语文课程改革及发展趋势

一、1990年代的三大改革举措 进入20世纪90年代,香港大大加快了中小学课程改革的步伐,新的课程政策接连出台,其中对中国语文课程影响比较大的,是中国语文及文化课程的引进、目标为本课程的实施和对校本课程的推行这三项。三项改革的总方向,是摆脱过于依赖“教科书”的“教教材”,从而使中国语文课程与教学切     

香港中学会考中国语文科及英国语文科水平参照成绩汇报

由2007年开始,香港中学会考中国语文科及英国语文科开始采用水平参照成绩汇报(standards-referenced reporting)。本文以香港中学会考中国语文科及英国语文科水平参照成绩汇报为例,介绍水平参照成绩汇报的特点及采用水平参照成绩汇报的理念,着重讨论如何设定、保持水平,及汇报成绩,并略述水平参照成绩汇报对香港社会的影响以及水平参照成绩汇报的未来发展。     

香港与大陆教师文化差异研究

本文从教学方法，工作方式，教师继续教育等多方面比较了中国大陆和香港两地的教师文化差异，分析了造成上述差异的文化因素。     

港、台大学中国语言及文学专业的课程设置及启示

中国语言及文学专业作为本土的文学专业,正像其他各语种的语言及文学专业一样,是现代大学国际化进程中的一个另类。随着全球化进程的加剧,本土的语言及文学专业的国际化问题是一个必须予以特别关注的话题。在大学国际化的大语境中,本土的语言及文学专业,需要打造学生的国际视野,加强学生的外语学习,更新课程设置理念,及时开出反映国外先进知识、先进文化并以外语主讲的课程,还要更新教学方式、作业方式及考核评价方式。     

Teaching Grammar and Testing Grammar in the English Primary School: The Impact on Teachers and their Teaching of the Grammar Element of the Statutory Test in Spelling,Punctuation and Grammar (SPaG)

The research examined the impact on teachers of the grammar element of a new statutory test in Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar (SPaG) in primary schools in England. The research aimed to evaluate the nature and the extent of changes to the teaching of grammar and to wider literacy teaching since the introduction of the test in 2013. The research explored teachers’ responses to teaching grammar to a statutory test format, and how teachers implemented rapid curriculum change in their classrooms. The research sought to learn the perspectives of teachers as they adjusted to new English assessments and new expectations for children’s language in the primary school. This paper draws on teacher interviews (n = 16) and an online survey of teaching staff (n = 170). Teachers discuss their knowledge, understanding and enjoyment of grammar at their own level, and their skills for teaching pupils; they also discuss their observations of how pupils have responded to explicit grammar teaching and the grammar test. The data give some insights into the processes for teachers of applying new requirements for teaching and testing grammar, and how teachers strive to make grammar accessible to children. The findings discussed in this paper are: (1) since the introduction of the statutory SPaG test in primary schools, time spent teaching decontextualised and contextualised grammar has increased significantly; (2) grammar is now taught explicitly and formally as a classroom literacy routine; (3) the test format influences grammar teaching content and approaches; (4) teachers observe that pupils enjoy learning grammar and taking the test; (5) teachers disagree about the extent to which explicit grammar teaching and testing have a positive impact on pupils’ language and literacy skills; (6) teachers feel more confident about teaching grammar.     

浅谈“四有”好教师对高校青年教师的启示

随着新时代的发展,"四有"好教师标准的提出为高校青年教师明确了未来努力奋斗的方向。文章结合平时学习、生活、工作的经历,阐述了对"四有"好教师的理解,并就高校青年教师如何才能成为一名"四有"好教师进行了简单探讨,以及在未来的职业生涯中,能够克勤克俭,为培育出优秀的人才贡献自己的价值。     

“一国两制”：香港的成功实践与祖国统一

中国共产党和中国政府的“和平统一,一国两制”基本国策,最初为解决台湾问题而设计。香港回归12年实施香港特别行政区基本法,“港人治港”、“高度自治”,展现出勃勃生机。香港的成功实践为两岸和平统一起到了示范作用,“和平统一,一国两制”国策需要不断地丰富和发展,是实现两岸统一和中华民族伟大复兴的理想模式。     

One Hong Kong,Two Histories: 'History' and 'Chinese history' in the Hong Kong school curriculum

Hong Kong's school history curriculum is unique worldwide in that it consists of two entirely separate subjects--'History' and 'Chinese History'--which differ not only in content, but also in terms of their pedagogy and their assumptions concerning the nature of history as a discipline. The distinct subject of 'Chinese History' was first created in the 1950s, largely in response to the colonial government's desire to limit the politicisation of local schools. However, there was subsequently little interference by the government in the development of curricula for the 'two histories'. The pattern of curriculum development for history in Hong Kong over the past few decades does not support conventional theories concerning the impact of colonialism on education. On the contrary, it suggests that the relationship of colonialism to curriculum development may in Hong Kong's case be better understood in terms of a mutually convenient collaboration between the government and local educational élites.     

台港澳高等师范院校教育实习的比较分析

本文在评析台港澳高师教育实习的实习制度、实习目的、实习内容、活动安排和组织机构的基础上,概括出台港澳高师教育实习的特点,并提出了高师教育实习值得借鉴的几个问题。     

教师话语输入与学生语言输出

教师话语作为组织课堂教学的方法手段和实施互动交流的语言媒介,对促进学习者有效的语言输出具有十分重要的作用,在很大程度上决定着教与学的质量和效果.本文通过分析教师话语输入现状对学生语言输出的影响,探讨了课堂教学中教师话语与学习者语言输出的关系,提出了提高教师话语质量、促进学习者语言输出的几点建议.     

论"外语学得"前提下课堂语法教学的地位

当前的英语教学中普遍存在着忽视语法的倾向,造成了相当严重的后果。本文首先通过例证澄清了“二语习得”和“外语学得”的差别,否定了外语语法“自然习得”论;进而从“外语学得”观出发,分别从语言的创造性、语言的准确性和言语信息差调控等三个方面论证语法教学的重要性。     

Teachers’ cultural differences: case studies of geography teachers in Brisbane,Changchun and Hong Kong

The primary purpose of this exploratory study is to identify variations in the ways in which individual teachers in different educational contexts interpret their curriculum and plan their lessons and in particular to explore the possibility that cultural differences as identified by Hofstede (1991) may be a contributing factor to understanding how teachers understand their work. “Educational reform” has become a catchphrase in the Anglo-American world, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and England and Wales, as well as in the Confucian Heritage Areas such as Mainland China, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Across the world, the educational reform measures being implemented are surprisingly similar. This paper describes a study of how geography teachers in Queensland, Australia, Hong Kong, and Changchun, China, plan their lessons and curriculum. From classroom observations and interviews with the teachers involved, we confirmed marked differences in each location regarding their cultural traits of power distance, individualist and collectivist preference and uncertainty tolerance, and that these traits appear to be highly influential in their curriculum planning. Despite the small scale of this study, we contend that there are good reasons for caution before national education systems import policies and curriculum reform initiatives from other countries for unthinking adoption.     

高师英语专业测试现状分析

本文以语言学及语言测试理论为基础，从理论和实践两方面分析了高师院校英语专业在测试方面存在的四个方面的问题：1．缺乏理论指导；2．测试形式单一；3．测试方法不科学；4．测试缺乏专业化，并提出了解决问题的对策。