数字照片档案认证方法研究

随着数码相机的普及和使用,数字照片的数量急速增长,其中有许多具有重要的保存价值.数字照片所固有的易修改性、不易被人眼识别等特点,使得人们难以判定其真伪,陕西华南虎事件就是一个很好的例子.     

Stereotypical Portrayals of Emotionality in News Photos

This research content analyzed the news photographs of a major U.S. daily newspaper to examine the emotional portrayals of individuals in different gender, age, and ethnic subgroups. A multidimensional measure of emotion (pleasure, arousal, dominance) was used. A total of 1,595 individuals were coded. The results demonstrate that emotionality was stereotyped to some degree, particularly in relation to women, ethnic minorities, and senior citizens. Specifically, African Americans were depicted as excited whereas Asian Americans were seen as calm. Women were portrayed as happy and teens were shown as sad. The results support the social construction of emotion and suggest that the news media play a role in framing and constructing emotional meaning with regard to different subgroups in American society.     

The News Framing of the 2004 Olympic Games

An examination of the framing of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games in the online version of The New York Times finds that news coverage tended to follow usual news practices, which are usually connected with daily news coverage but not with mega events such as the Olympic Games. Ordinary news practices, which dominate this coverage, tend to lead to conflict-oriented news and snapshots of reality with usually little context. In this case, the coverage of the Athens Olympics primarily focused on the issues security and readiness related to Olympic venues.     

高校图书馆读者注册时照片的批量处理

本文通过对高校图书馆读者电子照片批量处理过程的描述,指出了操作的关键环节,并介绍了处理过程中需要用到的部分程序代码。     

Framing Risk with Numbers: The Framing Effects of Risk Assertions and Number Formats on Emotions and Risk Perceptions

This study examines how risk assertions and relevant statistics presented in different number formats interact to influence emotional and cognitive outcomes. Experimental news stories present risk assertions that highlight either safety from or vulnerability to violent crime; these assertions are accompanied by crime statistics in absolute frequency, simple fraction, or percentage format. Although it may be tempting to assume that national statistics in absolute frequency format create a greater impression due to the sheer size of the numbers, our results show that only probability formats, including simple fractions and percentages, interact with assertions to generate amplified emotions. Furthermore, we find that negative emotions play a mediating role in producing pessimistic risk assessments. Our findings reveal how people process numerical information and its impact on emotional and cognitive responses. This article also discusses the empirical and methodological implications for framing research, as well as cognitive aspects of emotional reactions and the nature of emotional effects on risk perceptions.     

浅论数字时代新闻照片的真实性

本文从数字技术的角度对新闻照片的真实性进行了分析。     

The Effects of Repetitive News Framing on Political Opinions over Time

This study tests how repeated exposure to the same news frame influences political opinions over time. In a survey experiment (N = 296), we repeatedly exposed participants to the same news frame (at the start of the study, after one day, one week, and two weeks) and measured effects on opinions (at the start, after two weeks, and after six weeks). Participants in a control group were exposed only once and the effect was also traced over time. Results show that repetitive framing leads both to stronger and more persistent effects than single exposure. The persistence effects are most evident for individuals with moderate political knowledge. Our study contributes to a more comprehensive model of framing effects in mass communication experiments.     

产业竞争情报研究内容体系的框定方法

本文提出了产业链竞争时代面向国际竞争开展产业竞争情报研究的问题,阐述了产业竞争情报研究的意义.介绍了采用国内外竞争情报文献研究、情报学专家咨询会、情报学专家问卷调查、风能产业实证研究相结合,科学而规范地框定产业竞争情报研究内容体系的方法和过程.     

The Practical Importance of Inherency Analysis for Public Advocates: Rhetorical Leadership in Framing a Supportive Social Climate for Education Reforms

This essay argues that teaching rhetorical leadership, particularly the skill of inherency analysis, is crucial to preparing effective citizen leaders. Using the example of education reforms for children with disabilities, it illustrates the practical value for those interested in public concerns of understanding and using analysis of the structural, attitudinal, and philosophical inherent barriers to change. The argument focuses on the implications of and refutation options to the inherent barriers to reform of viewing education as primarily an individual rather than a social good and on Americans’ public apathy toward social goods. It concludes that reforms might be more readily conceived and more effectively made salient by citizen advocates who develop their inherency analysis skills and discusses the concomitant responsibilities for communication scholars.     

The Practical Importance of Inherency Analysis for Public Advocates: Rhetorical Leadership in Framing a Supportive Social Climate for Education Reforms

This essay argues that teaching rhetorical leadership, particularly the skill of inherency analysis, is crucial to preparing effective citizen leaders. Using the example of education reforms for children with disabilities, it illustrates the practical value for those interested in public concerns of understanding and using analysis of the structural, attitudinal, and philosophical inherent barriers to change. The argument focuses on the implications of and refutation options to the inherent barriers to reform of viewing education as primarily an individual rather than a social good and on Americans' public apathy toward social goods. It concludes that reforms might be more readily conceived and more effectively made salient by citizen advocates who develop their inherency analysis skills and discusses the concomitant responsibilities for communication scholars.     

From Belief-Importance to Intention: The Impact of Framing on Technology Adoption

The current research integrates and extends the notion of issue framing to the study of innovation-diffusion and explores the influence of frames on the formation of beliefs about a technological innovation. Frames reflecting a new note-taking software's attributes were developed based of the Unified Theory of Technology Adoption and tested within a randomized experiment. Results revealed a significant and unique framing effect. Frames influenced the psychological importance attached by adopters to specific attributes or beliefs about the technology rather than their generalized beliefs about technology. These salient beliefs, in turn, shaped the individual's expectations from technology and influenced their decision to adopt it. Of the frames tested, extrinsic frames that highlighted social influence factors had a stronger effect. This effect was strongest when the frame presents negative extrinsic information about the innovation. In contrast, frames that positively highlighted performance and ease of use of the innovation tended to create higher expectations from the innovation, get compared to the feature-based triggers in the innovation, and get rejected by users. Interestingly, though there was an attenuation of framing effects across all conditions after one week of actual technology use, the framing effect endured and significantly influenced perceptions about the technology's performance. The results suggest the possibility of using small changes in content to significantly alter the meaning attributed to a technology and powerfully influence its rate of adoption over time.     

Effects of Media Use on Audience Framing and Support for Welfare

In this study, I examined cognitive structures consisting of frames that people used in the open-ended responses to a survey question about cuts in welfare benefits. The study shows that patterns of individuals' entertainment and news media use are important sources of frames that people adopt in thinking about an important public issue. In turn, those frames partly derived from the media shape the public's policy preferences beyond controls for individuals' social location, ideology, interpersonal communication, and knowledge. Frames that are related to particular patterns of media use (e.g., increase in differences between poor and rich, need for specific approaches, some will go hungry) have power to alter even deep, ideologically motivated welfare preferences. However, the results suggest that the media's most important role may be in spreading out the field of thinkable solutions to public problems rather than making any particular position dominant in policy decision making.     

Framing a Vision for 21st-Century Librarianship: LIS Education in Changing Times

Librarianship is at a critical juncture. Technological changes have reshaped the information landscape, but libraries as social institutions have not been able to transform themselves to keep pace. This is the challenge of Library and Information Science Education. As we look to a future professional education for librarians, we need to acknowledge the need to reinvent our educational goals and methods so our graduates can lead in this new emerging environment. A relevant education for the information sectors will include a synthesis of global, technical, and critical perspectives to encourage librarians to understand the changes they need to enact to ensure relevance for the future.     

“以图搜图”技术在照片档案管理中的应用研究

读图时代,照片档案的重要性和需求度日益提升.然而,传统的照片档案检索方式已无法满足用户对信息的获取需求,也给照片档案管理带来了不便.论文试图将“以图搜图”技术引入照片档案管理中,从管理系统框架、收集模块、整理模块、查询模块几方面阐述其优越性.论文分析了应用过程中可能出现的难点,并提出了相应的解决办法.     

日语图书的编辑工作

日语出版物在外语图书中的比例逐步提高,出版社编辑对日语图书的编辑工作深感困难.本文探讨了日语图书编辑工作中的一些共通问题,并从两大方面总结经验供出版业同行借鉴:日语在排版中与汉语和英语的区别;日语图书编辑工作中的常见错误及应注意的问题.     

Framing the Revolution: Circulation and Meaning of The Revolution Will Not Be Televised

This article analyzes the circulation and contingent social production of meaning of The Revolution Will Not Be Televised, the documentary film that chronicles the 2002 coup d'état in Venezuela and its dramatic reversal. Drawing on interviews and observations with distributors and activists in New York City in 2004 and ethnographic fieldwork with community media producers in Caracas between 2003 and 2007, I explore how social actors contribute to the ongoing production of Revolution's impact. In this multisited account, I argue that the work of activists and distributors to frame the importance and authenticity of Revolution has been vital in molding debates and facilitating public discussion not only about Venezuelan politics but also about the role of media producers in shaping truth. This article draws attention to the ironies and complexities that filmmakers, distributors, and activists face when they use documentary film to challenge mediated depictions of the historical world.     

学术数据库用户满意度评价差异研究

基于D&M信息系统成功模型提出学术数据库用户满意度模型,在538份有效调查问卷基础上采用结构方程建模方法和多组分析方法验证了该理论模型的合理性,并对结构模型作了教育层次的调节效应分析,以发现对本科生和研究生用户总体满意度的影响因素中存在哪些显著差异,并据此提出改进服务的措施。     

kat是酶活性的SI单位

为了促进计量单位国际化和医学科学全球化,长久以来,为国际纯粹与应用化学联合会与国际临床化学联合会(IUPAC/IFUB)推荐并得到实际应用的以"katal"表示酶的催化活性(符号z)的单位(符号kat)及其相关建议,已于1999年10月被国际最高计量权威机构--国际计量大会(CGPM)批准,并且"kat"已成为新增的具有专门名称、符号的国际单位制(SI)的导出单位,添加在权威书籍中[1-2].     

Sexual Socialization Messages in Television Programming Produced for Adolescents

This study examined sexual content in American prime-time programs popular among the tween (9–14 years of age) audience on broadcast networks and programs aired on the most popular adolescent TV networks—an understudied area of media research. Consistent with past research, the majority of broadcast shows contained sexual talk and behaviors, as did adolescent shows. No significant difference was observed between the two types of shows regarding the frequency with which sexual behaviors were presented in a given hour of TV programming. The amount of scene focus paid to sexual themes varied, but studio audiences were almost always heard positively reinforcing these messages. The findings are discussed with respect to social cognitive and cultivation theories.