School Consultation to Counter Stereotype Threat

ABSTRACT

Perceptions teachers have regarding their students are associated with their students’ school performance. Similarly, students’ psychoeducational and psychosocial functioning are partly shaped by their beliefs about teachers’ opinions of them. Psychoeducational performance and psychosocial interactions are linked with perceived stereotype threats. Stereotype threat refers to how a person’s fear or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype associated with being a member of a stigmatized group undermines their performance in evaluative contexts. This work offers a theoretical and practical prevention and intervention teaching and learning framework to ameliorate stereotype threat. We describe the stereotype threat interruption model (STIM) as a consultation model that delineates stereotype threat and provides teacher-focused, student-centered, and environment-applied consultation strategies to abrogate its effects. STIM is applicable in graduate training and in the professional environment. It highlights a prevention science teaching and learning framework that proactively encourages healthy student development and efficient consultation services.     

Consultation Training Program for School Counselors

In order to increase counselors' effectiveness in cooperative and systemic approaches to problem solving, a large school district offered an in-service consultation program. Two successive training designs were piloted and evaluated. Evaluation of the first training model led to a shortened, revised model that was more efficient and as highly rated by counselor trainees as the earlier, lengthier model. This training program was associated with significant increases in counselor collaboration with faculty and staff. Several recommendations are proposed for further improvements in the training design.     

高校心理咨询现状调查与对策分析

采用问卷调查法对900名大学生进行测量并访谈。结果表明,大学生在寻求专业性心理帮助的态度总分和各维度上,均存在显著民族差异;在寻求专业性心理帮助的态度总分和需要维度上存在性别差异;长期处于心理困惑、内心冲突的人是咨询首选对象;面对心理困难时,大学生倾向选择好友、父母进行求助,部分自己承受;对心理咨询师的首要要求是思想品德好,希望咨询室放松、安静、舒适、温馨;大学生会根据不同的咨询内容选择不同性别、年龄的咨询师,且面谈咨询成为首选咨询方式;大部分人希望高校心理咨询免费,但认为测量和治疗可适当收费。研究初步结论认为,大学生对高校心理咨询的态度与要求将为西北地区高校更优质地开展心理咨询服务提供一定的理论支持与实践基础。     

School Psychologists' Sense of Self-Efficacy for Consultation

The Consultation Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) was developed and validated to assess school psychologists' perceptions of self-efficacy for engaging in school-based consultation. A pilot study with graduate students (N = 92) indicated high internal consistency (α = .99) and provided evidence of discriminant validity, as a group with more consultation experience had significantly higher total self-efficacy scores (M = 512.25) than a moderately experienced group (M = 437.35). Subsequently, a sample of 347 practicing school psychologists completed a revised CSES, consistently endorsing moderate to high levels of consultation self-efficacy (M = 404.08, SD = 51.73). Although consultation self-efficacy was hypothesized to be a multidimensional construct, exploratory factor analysis indicated a single-factor structure. Construct validity of the instrument was supported by significant correlations between school psychologists' consultation self-efficacy ratings and perceptions of their ability to respond to hypothetical consultation referral problems (r = .69, p < .01), and regression analysis found that years of experience and time spent consulting with teachers predicted psychologists' self-efficacy scores.     

The School Counselor Alumni Peer Consultation Group

School counseling literature indicates that school counselors experience isolation and frustration and that partnership projects between counselors and counselor educators are potentially valuable. The author describes the school counselor alumni peer consultation group, which provides (a) support and networking opportunities for new counselors and (b) a forum for studying counseling issues and for developing strategies to solve problems. This innovative strategy for professional development and collaboration has implications both for counselor educators and for school counselors.     

Culturally Responsive Consultation Among Practicing School Psychologists

ABSTRACT

School-based consultation has garnered increasing attention relevant to culturally responsive practice in school psychology. Although prior research has investigated school psychologists’ experiences with supporting culturally diverse youth through school-based consultation, few studies have utilized an established framework to understand school psychologists’ experiences. We utilized specific components of Ingraham’s Multicultural School Consultation framework to examine fifteen school psychologists’ experiences with providing culturally responsive consultation. Constant comparative analysis revealed the various strategies used by practitioners to support culturally diverse students throughout the consultation process (e.g., involving multiple people in decision-making, using non-confrontational approaches to educate school personnel about cultural dynamics, providing messages of support and encouragement to diverse students and families) and the socio-contextual barriers to their practice (e.g., cultural minimization, lack of administrative support). Implications for research, training, and school-based practice are discussed.     

基于整本书阅读的小学语文阅读教学策略研究

随着新课程改革进程的推进和发展,整本书阅读的概念受到了广泛的关注,所以在小学语文教学中也开始引入整本书阅读的概念,以此提升学生的阅读能力,拓宽学生的阅读视野。因此,教师应该深入探索整本书阅读的教学策略,充分发挥自己的引导作用。基于此,本文将对小学语文阅读教学中的整本书阅读教学策略进行分析和研究,不断提升其教学有效性。     

School Counselor Consultation Preparation: A National Study

The authors examined trends in school counselor consultation preparation using data collected from 238 program websites, 73 program survey responses, and 57 syllabi. The results indicated an emphasis on consultation content related to theories, stakeholders, and topics, rather than experiential practice. The findings suggest a need to incorporate and assess more application-specific consultation activities and assignments.     

Research on Baseline Assessment in Mathematics at School Entry

This paper presents findings from research investigating the skills and knowledge in Mathematics of Cypriot pupils entering primary school (Average age=5.92 (decimal years)). A performance test, which was designed to assess skills and knowledge in Mathematics identified in the Curriculum of Primary Education in Cyprus, was administered to a representative sample of pupils in Year 1 (n=835). Teachers were also asked to complete a report for each pupil. The most important findings were as follows. Firstly, the skills included in the curriculum were differentiated into those which more than 75% of pupils entering primary schools had achieved and those which more than 30% of pupils entering primary school had not achieved. Secondly, significant differences among the skills and knowledge of the whole group of pupils entering primary school have been identified. Thirdly, cluster analysis revealed five relatively homogeneous groups of pupils according to their different knowledge and skills in Mathematics. Fourthly, a correlation was identified between findings gathered from the performance test and from teachers' assessment of pupils' skills in Mathematics. Implications for the development of a national policy on baseline assessment are drawn.     

Consultation Barriers Between Teachers and External Consultants: A Grounded Theory of Change Resistance in School Consultation

The aim of this study, conducted in Sweden, was to investigate the cultural barriers between school personnel (teachers and principals) and nonschool personnel (a resource team), who were external to the school system, regarding consultation about challenging or difficult-to-teach students. Focus groups with teachers, principals, and the resource team as well as interviews with students and parents were conducted. The qualitative analysis resulted in a grounded theory of change resistance in the context of school consultation. Differences in professional assumptions led to conflicting professional main concerns. An intergroup conflict was inevitable in many cases and the professional cultural barriers that remained produced and reinforced professional ethnocentricity. This contributed to a lack of integration between external consultants and school personnel. Lack of integration contributed to the legitimacy loss and the maintenance of professional ethnocentricity. The basic social process of change resistance was centered in the interaction between professional ethnocentricity and lack of integration.     

Consultation Related to Giftedness: A School Counseling Perspective

School counselors, when serving as consultants and assuming consultee roles, can contribute significantly to the well-being of gifted students at all school levels. This article summarizes pertinent current training of school counselors, social and emotional concerns of gifted children and adolescents, and the practice of consultation as it relates to school counseling. In addition, brief narratives describe consultations related to peer relations, underachievement, college and career decisions, assistance to classroom teachers and parents, small-group work, potential misdiagnosis, alternative and affective curriculum, and diversity.     

Exploring the Associations Between Delayed School Entry and Achievement in Primary and Secondary School

This research investigated whether delayed school entry was associated with higher achievement in national tests of reading and numeracy in Grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 (n = 2,823). Delayed entry was related to advantages in reading (0.14 SD) and numeracy (0.08 SD) at Grade 3, although little variance was explained (1%–2%). This slight advantage persisted for both domains in Grades 5 and 7, albeit with smaller effects. In Grade 9 there was no association between delayed entry and either reading or numeracy. Exploratory analyses with subsamples in each grade (n = 424–667) revealed no associations between delayed entry and achievement after controlling for inattention and hyperactivity, and negative associations between inattention and achievement in all grades in both domains (−0.33, −0.49 SD).     

人教版小学一年级语文教材注音问题商榷

考察人民教育出版社小学一年级语文教材中的所有注音,发现存在一些问题,主要是：部分轻声词未注轻声;根据习惯应读轻声的,教材注音为非轻声;“啊”的音变与词形处理混乱。针对这些存在的问题,提出关于小学低年级语文教材注音规范的意见与建议。     

高校心理咨询现状分析与对策完善——以某高校1 005份心理咨询案例为例

为探讨高校心理咨询服务现状、特点与问题所在,更有针对性地开展心理咨询服务,研究通过对某高校1 005份咨询记录进行统计学分析,结果发现:1)寻求心理咨询的学生虽然逐年增多,但占大学生总数比率偏小。2)寻求咨询学生存在一定规律性:女生多于男生,文科生多于理科生,大一学生多于其他年级学生;3)情感、情绪、人际关系和学业是大学生最常见的四种咨询问题,各年级侧重点不同;4)网络问题等咨询学生较少;研究者建议通过开设心理健康必修课、建设学生朋辈心理辅导员队伍、加强心理咨询师专业化队伍建设与开展多种形式心理咨询服务,来加强心理宣传力度、拓展心理咨询服务范围,提高心理健康服务质量。     

儿童群体加入策略研究综述

群体加入技能是儿童成功地进行同伴互动的基本技能.儿童加入群体时所采用的策略多种多样,效果各不相同,且儿童对这些策略的选择和使用受多种因素的影响.本文通过对国内外相关研究成果的梳理,分析儿童群体加入策略的研究现状及其不足.