超广谱β-内酰胺酶阳性肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希氏菌筛查及药敏分析

目的:在常规药敏试验中筛查产超广谱β—内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希氏菌,了解其耐药性,为临床提供参考.方法:采用双纸片协同试验,检测587株肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希氏菌的产超广谱β—内酰酶阳性率,并对其体抗生素耐药性作了初步研究.结果:超广谱β—内酰胺酶(ESBLS)总阳性率24.7%.219株肺炎克雷伯菌中ESBLS菌株66株,阳性率30.1%,368株大肠埃希氏菌中ESBLS菌株79株,阳性率21.5%.ESBLS产酶株对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢他啶的耐药性高达86.4%—100%.较不产ESBLS菌株高74.6%—83.1%.所有受试菌对亚胺培南均敏感.结论:治疗ESBLS细菌引起的感染,应用碳西霉类、头霉烯类,或加酶抑制剂的抗生素.     

葡萄球菌耐药性的探讨

目的：为研究葡萄球菌的耐药性。方法：对近年来抗生素滥用现状,而导致的葡萄球菌进行耐药监测、对其耐药特征、机制以及各种耐药金葡菌感染后的处理进行相关探讨和研究。结果：多重耐药葡萄球菌包括甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、甲氧西林耐药表皮葡萄球菌（MRsE）和甲氧西林耐药溶血葡萄球菌（MRsH）的出现,对院内感染构成了重大威胁。结论：控制和合理正确使用抗生素是当今我们临床医师和药师所要迫切面对的重要环节。     

MRSA对甲氧西林耐药机理及检测方法研究进展

随着抗生素的广泛应用 ,越来越多的细菌出现耐药 ,其耐药水平也越来越高。近年来具有多重耐药性的常见革兰阳性菌已在世界各地区流行 ,其中最重要的病原菌之一为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MR SA)。MRSA自 6 0年代出现后 ,在 30多年的时间里已逐步成为全球性引起医院内感染的重要致病菌之一。MRSA非但对甲氧西林耐药 ,而且对绝大多数 β-内酰胺类抗生素呈交叉耐药 ,并可对氨基糖甙类、大环内酯类等常用抗生素产生多重耐药 ,因此MRSA的感染成为当前临床治疗的棘手难题[1] ,严重感染死亡率可高达 5 0 % ,已引起国内外学者的高度重视。…     

大理学院附属医院大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性研究

目的：对大理学院附属医院2011年至2012年临床分离的大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯杆菌的耐药性进行分析,指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法：菌株分离及培养按常规方法进行,细菌鉴定采用VITET-2 Compact 60全自动微生物分析仪,药敏试验采用K-B法。结果：共收集标本183株,其中大肠埃希菌146株：口痰92株（63%）、分泌物17株（11.6%）、尿液16株（10.9%）,脓液9株（6.1%）,其他12株（8.2%）;肺炎克雷伯杆菌37株：口痰27株（73%）、分泌物5株（13.5%）、脓液3株（8%）其他2株（5.4%）。药敏试验结果显示：大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌对头孢哌酮、阿米卡星、亚胺培南等耐药率较低,分别为10.3%、6.2%、2.7%和10.8%、13.5%、2.7%。结论：大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯杆菌两年痰液中检出率呈上升趋势,对左氧氟沙星、头孢唑啉,氨曲南,头孢他啶等耐药率超过50%,特别是头孢他啶的耐药率相对于2008年显著升高,而对头孢哌酮、阿米卡星、亚胺培南等耐药性较低,临床应根据药敏实验合理选择抗生素。     

34株嗜麦芽窄食单细胞菌的耐药性分析

目地：探讨嗜麦芽窄食单细胞菌对各种抗生素的耐药性,指导合理使用抗生素.方法：采用标准纸片扩散法进行试验.结果：菌株对于复方磺胺甲恶唑、左旋氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、派拉西林、头孢他啶、头孢哌酮、奥格门丁/克拉维酸和头孢噻肟的耐药率为9.8%、17.6%、34.6%、56.3%、69.9%、67.8%、95%、93.1%,对于亚胺培南、头孢唑啉、氨苄西林的耐药率为100%.结论：嗜麦芽窄食单细胞菌对临床常见的抗生素以复方磺胺甲恶唑最为敏感.     

肺炎克雷伯菌膜孔蛋白OmpK35、OmpK36基因分析及模型构建

对耐碳青霉烯类药肺炎克雷伯菌膜孔蛋白相关基因进行分析,构造膜孔蛋白结构模型,以了解膜孔蛋白在其耐药中的作用。采用聚合酶链技术(PCR)对确认为产KPC和IMP型碳青霉烯酶29株肺炎克雷伯菌的膜孔蛋白Omp K35和Omp K36基因进行检测、序列测定和生物信息学技术分析。结果,29株肺类克雷伯菌表现为对碳青霉烯类药物耐药、均检出膜孔蛋白Omp K35和Omp K36基因;通过序列比对和同源性分析发现,各菌株间存正突变、同源性高,构建了分子进化树和膜孔蛋白结构模拟图。结果表明,膜孔蛋白在碳青霉烯类药物耐药机制中不起主要作用,并初步了解膜孔蛋白分子进化情况和膜孔蛋白结构。     

铜绿假单胞菌随机扩增DNA多态性基因分型研究

目的:调查铜绿假单胞菌在临床各科中的流行情况,以期建立稳定的临床检测系统,在控制院内感染的流行病研究中发挥更大的作用.方法:用微量液体稀释法进行药敏检测,用RAPD技术进行基因分型.结果:耐药谱分6型,Ⅰ型占44.5%,Ⅱ型占18.5%,Ⅲ型占7.4%,Ⅳ型占7.4%,V型占11.1%,Ⅵ型(不定型)占1.1%;RAPD分9型,A型占51.9%,B型占7.4%,C型占7.4%,D型占7.4%,E型占7.4%,F型占3.7%,G型占3.7%,H型占7.4%,Ⅰ型占3.7%.结论:基因型A型、耐药谱Ⅰ型的铜绿假单胞菌是此次ICU医院感染暴发流行的菌株,其它型别为非流行相关菌株.RAPD基因分型的灵敏性、特异性及可靠性优于耐药谱分型,在医院感染流行病学调查中具有较大的应用价值.铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林、头孢唑啉、头孢呋肟耐药率高;对喹诺酮类抗生素较敏感;对氨基糖甙类抗生素有一定的耐药性;亚胺培南的耐药率最低.     

某院细菌耐药率与抗菌药物用药频度相关性分析

目的：分析细菌耐药率与抗菌药物用药频度的相关关系,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据.方法：采用K-B法进行药敏检测,按美国临床和实验室标准化协会（CLSI）标准分析结果;采用用药频度分析法对本院近3年抗菌药物消耗量进行统计及排序;采用SPSS分析软件进行细菌耐药率与抗菌药物用药频度相关性分析.结果：3年抗菌药物用药频度平均下降率为21.23％;肺炎克雷伯菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率随左氧氟沙星用药频度升高呈上升趋势,而铜绿假单胞菌对环丙沙星的耐药率随环丙沙星用用药频度下降呈降低趋势.结论：细菌耐药率与抗菌药物用药频度变化趋势存在一定的内在联系,规范抗菌药物的临床合理应用可能减缓细菌的耐药趋势.     

楚雄州中医院2011年细菌耐药性监测结果分析

目的：了解2011年临床分离菌株对常用抗生素的耐药性。方法：采用API鉴定和ATB药敏板条及纸片扩散法对2011年临床分离1127株细菌进行药敏试验。结果：1127株细菌中革兰阴性菌占76．8％,革兰阳性菌占23．2％。革兰阴性菌中前3位为大肠埃希菌45．7％（395／865）、肺炎克雷伯菌10．6％（92／865）和铜绿假单胞菌9．0％（78／865）;革兰阳性菌中前3位为屎肠球菌27．1％（71／262）、金黄色葡萄球菌24．8％（65／262）和表皮葡萄球菌16．0％（42／262）。药敏试验结果显示泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌检出率分别为19．2％（15／78）和32．8％（23／70）;MRSA和MRCNS分别占金黄色葡萄球菌和CNS的32．3％（21／65）和83．3％（40／48）。结论：定期进行耐药性监测有助于了解细菌耐药性的变迁,为临床用药提供依据。     

福氏志贺氏菌2a型耐药性分析

目的 :了解我院肠道福氏志贺氏菌的常见耐药谱 ,指导临床医生合理使用抗生素。方法 :用K -B纸片法检测 2 6株福氏志贺氏菌对 2 4种抗生素药物敏感试验。结果 :2 6株福氏志贺氏菌中 ,2a型 2 5株 (96 .15 % ) ,3a型 1株 (3.85 % ) ,福氏志贺氏菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高(96 .15 % ) ,对氟嗪酸和头孢哌酮最低 (分别为 3.85 %、0 % )。结论 :福氏志贺氏菌对抗生素多重耐药逐年上升 ,临床应加强对福氏志贺氏菌耐药性监控。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.