高校排球专项课与体育院系排球课之间的“序差”

运用教育学、心理学原理,分析了高校排球专项课与体育院系排球课之间的教学目标、教学要求、两类大学生对排球课的态度、需要、兴趣等异同,揭示了“两课”之间的结构程序、学生的认识程序等差异。     

排球专项课教学模式的实验研究

专项课是近年来高校体育教学改革的主要手段.本文以我院91—93级排球专项男生为研究对象,探讨了在专项课理论与实践课的教学中,采用不同的授课方法对专项课教学效果的影响.结果显示:理论课采用“化整为零”的授课方法,不仅提高了理论课的教学效果,还有利于学生掌握专项技术及发展身体素质,提出了普通高校排球专项课的教学模式.     

普通高校排球专项课教学初探

普通高校排球专项课教学初探南京大学王敏生排球专项课是大学生最喜爱的专项课之一．本文就排球专项课教学中的一些基本问鹰及如何提高排球专项课教学质量提出租钱看法，供研究参考．中学体育教材以田径、体操为主，排球是补充教材，只供选用．对用京大学５８６名男生进行...     

评定多课型成绩的新尝试

为了改革体育教学,解决体育教学中长期存在的“吃不饱”与“吃不了”等矛盾,我校由原来的“单打一”上课形式,改成了篮球、排球、足球、田径、武术五个专项课与普通体育课兼有的多样课型。这几年的教学实践证明,这种多课型的教学,受到     

排球专项课教学研究与探讨

近几年,各普通高校巳普通开设了体育专项课.它的出现改变了过去高校体育教学形式单一的模式,使高校体育教学活动从形式、内容、效果等方面有了新的突破.多年来几经探素,我校从二年级开始开设专项课逐步过渡到一,二年级同时开设专项课,使之形成了较为规范并行之有效的模式.本人通过90,91、92三个年级排球专项课教学的具体实践,通过学生的信息反馈以及大量的数据收集跟踪调查,对排球专项课进行了     

论体育教育专业排球课专项身体素质训练的重要性

本文运用多种研究方法，对我国师范类高校体育教育专业学生排球课加强专项身体素质练习的重要性和必要性作了较深入的研究、论证，指出师范类体育专业学生排球课应结合实际教学，弥补身高的不足，选择增加专项身体素质练习内容，可以更快更容易的掌握好各项排球技术。     

高校排球专项课“男女生合班”教学的研究

在现行体育教学模式中,部分高校还在实行男女生分班教学模式。这种体制已无法实现发展体育兴趣,培养终身体育观、提高体育文化素养的高层目标,也阻碍了体育教学改革的进程。结合本校体育教学改革情况,针对性的对排球专项课男女生分班、合班的教学模式进行研究对比,认为排球专项课实行男女生合班教学模式是可行的。     

对排球专项课"男女生合班"教学的研究

高校现行的体育教学形式依然是以性别划分,实行男女生分班授课.这种几十年一贯制的老套路已经无法实现发展体育兴趣、培养终身体育观、提高体育文化素养的高层目标,严重阻碍了体育教学改革的深入进行.结合本校体育教学的实际情况,对本校排球专项课男女生分、合班2种教学形式进行比较研究,通过对学生心理和生理情况的分析,认为排球专项课应该实行男女生合班教学.     

对排球专项课“男女生合班”教学的研究

高校现行的体育教学形式依然是以性别划分，实行男女生分班授课。这种几十年一贯制的老套路已经无法实现发展体育兴趣、培养终身体育观、提高体育文化素养的高层目标，严重阻碍了体育教学改革的深入进行。结合本校体育教学的实际情况，对本校排球专项课男女生分、合班2种教学形式进行比较研究，通过对学生心理和生理情况的分析，认为排球专项课应该实行男女生合班教学。     

普通高校排球专项课“三自一体”教学模式实验研究

运用教学实验对比的方法,对大学生排球专项课实施“三自一体”教学模式,在提高大学生的身体素质、基本技术以及学习兴趣和学习态度等方面具有良好的促进作用.研究结果表明：排球专项课实施“三自一体”教学模式有助于提高大学生的身体素质和基本技术,满足不同兴趣爱好、不同运动水平的学生对排球运动需求,符合我国高校素质教育的要求和教育改革的发展趋势.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.