金樱子体外抗氧化提取工艺的研究

采用超声波法对金樱子提取工艺进行研究,并对所得的提取物进行体外抗氧化能力试验.实验结果表明:金樱子的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度25%、溶媒用量15倍、提取时间30 min,提取1次,该提取工艺稳定,重现性好,方法简便易行;所得的金樱子提取液具有较强的体外抗氧化作用,氧化时间为4.01±0.34(s·g-1),超氧阴离子清除率为80.33±2.51%,还原力测定的吸光值(A)为0.824±0.065.     

金樱子酒的开发

报道了一种以野生金樱子果为主要原料，辅以冰糖，柠檬酸和米酒经浸泡，脱涩，过滤等工艺调剂面成的金樱子酒，是一种新的营养型配制果酒。     

复合金樱子保健饮料的研制

以金樱子、玉米须和西瓜皮为主要原料，研制出色，香，味俱佳的营养保健饮料，产品具有果香浓郁，清凉爽口，低糖低热的特点，更适于糖尿病人的饮用，以明胶作澄清剂，清除金樱子果汁中的多酚物质，有效地防止产品的浑浊，适量添加西瓜皮汁和柠檬酸，有效地抑制金樱子汁的涩味，提高产品的适口性，确定了产品的最佳生产配方。     

金樱子多糖对药物性肝损伤小鼠血脂代谢的影响

为探讨金樱子多糖（RP）对药物性肝损伤小鼠血脂代谢的影响,采用KM小鼠为研究动物,将小鼠平均分为5组（高、中、低剂量组、正常组、模型组）,RP连续灌喂5周．其中第5周的星期一、三、五、日在正常灌胃后2h,除正常组外,其余4组均按5mL／kg腹腔注射0．5％CCl4的花生油溶液,并于末次注射CCl4后18h摘眼球取血,测...     

金樱子提取物的流变性研究

测定不同条件下金樱子提取物溶液的粘度变化,对其流变性能进行研究.结果表明：金樱子提取物溶液为＂非牛顿流体＂,其粘度随着溶液浓度的增加而增加,当溶液浓度达到1.4 mg/ml时成凝胶状;该溶液在碱性条件下比较稳定,具有良好的耐盐稳定性和抗降解性能;冻融变化使该溶液的粘度有所增加,且冷冻处理后的效果更明显;苯甲酸钠、微波等...     

金樱子多糖体外抗脂质过氧化和红细胞溶血作用研究

采用体外实验研究了金樱子多糖（RP）对小鼠肝脏自发性脂质过氧化、H2O2诱导的脂质过氧化、Fe^2＋-Vc诱导的肝线粒体氧化损伤和H2O2诱导的红细胞氧化溶血的影响,比较了金樱子多糖和维生素C（Vc）的抗脂质过氧化作用．结果表明：金樱子多糖具有较强的体外抗脂质过氧化作用,且呈现良好的量效关系;其抗氧化活性明显高于维生素C．     

金樱子总黄酮对大鼠全血黏度和血小板聚集的影响

以金樱子为原料,用60%乙醇为提取剂提取金樱子总黄酮,设计大鼠急性血瘀模型及体外二磷酸腺苷、血小板活化因子诱导的血小板凝集实验,分别用低（0.06g/kg）、中（0.12g/kg）、高（0.24g/kg）3种不同浓度的金樱子总黄酮作受试对象,并用丹参、阿司匹林为参考,探讨金樱子总黄酮对大鼠全血黏度和血小板聚集的影响。结果表明,中、高浓度的金樱子总黄酮能明显降低大鼠全血黏度,且有一定的抑制血小板聚集作用（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,具有进一步的研究价值。     

金樱子色素的提取及其稳定性研究

用酒精浸提金樱子果橙红色素，对色素的光稳定性，热稳定性，耐氧化还原性及耐酸碱性等性质进行了研究，结果表明，该色素在ｐＨ￣４．５内性质优良，食用安全。     

金樱子多糖对免疫抑制小鼠肝功能及血脂代谢的调节作用

为探讨金樱子多糖对免疫抑制小鼠肝功能及血脂代谢的调节作用,取50只昆明小鼠随机平均分为正常对照组、模型组、RLP低剂量组、RLP中剂量组、RLP高剂量组．低、中、高剂量组分别按100ms／kg·d、200mg／kg·d、400mg／kg·d连续灌胃30d;正常对照组和模型组灌胃生理盐水．于试验前一周在继续灌胃的基础上,除正常对照组外,分剐于第l、3、5天给小鼠按25mg／kg体重腹腔注射地塞米松（Dex）建立免疫抑制动物模型．摘小鼠眼球取血,用试剂盒测定小鼠血清的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）．结果表明,金樱子多糖能显著降低免疫抑制小鼠血清中TC、LDL—C、AST、Au含量,对HDL—C和TG有一定的调节作用．因此,金樱子多糖对免疫抑制小鼠肝功能及血脂代谢具有一定的调节作用．     

铃兰提取液对蟾蜍心肌活动的影响

本文通过化学方法提取的铃兰毒甙(convallataxin)液,铃兰皂甙(convauasaponin)液作用于蟾蜍离体心脏活动,发现铃兰叶、茎、根、全草浸液,水提取液皆有强心作用.     

The effects of school quality on income

This paper uses a unique data set created by merging the Panel Study of Income Dynamics with school data from the Common Core of Data to examine the relationship between school expenditures and earnings. I find that school expenditures are related to earnings, and also positively affect the returns to schooling. This is particularly important given recent papers that have found no effect because this study is able to observe wages at later ages and is estimated for males and females. Robustness estimates find that if the sample were only observed at young ages, or estimated for white males, as has been done previously, the results would not hold. Therefore, it appears that even using an individual-level data set with students educated in this half of the century, school spending affects earnings.     

The effects of reticence on group interaction

Research regarding the effects of reticence on group interaction reveals that reticence does not necessarily impede the group process; however, reticent individuals are seen as less effective participators due to their limited vocal activity, and they are less likely to emerge as the group's leader.

Research on the effects of reticence on group interaction is reviewed and suggestions are made to instructors of the small groups course regarding helping reticent students participate in the small group.     

The effects of accountability on higher education

This paper analyzes the effects of a higher education accountability system in Brazil. For each discipline, colleges were assigned a grade that depended on the scores of their students on the ENC, an annual mandatory exam. These grades were then disclosed to the public and colleges were rewarded or penalized based on them. I find that the ENC had a positive effect on the education and the proportion of full-time faculty and that it increased the number of vacancies offered, applicants and enrollments. Colleges were affected differently depending on grades, ownership and academic organization, changing the distribution of students among them.     

The effects of Greek affiliation on academic performance

We use a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the effects of Greek affiliation on academic performance. There are strong negative effects in some periods but smaller effects in others: fraternity affiliation hurts performance by 0.32 standard deviations in the Freshman Spring; sorority affiliation hurts performance by 0.22 standard deviations in Spring semesters after Freshman year. We estimate both ceteris-paribus effects and non-ceteris-paribus effects which allow Greek affiliation to influence course choice behavior. We account for censoring of grades and show ignoring censoring leads to attenuation bias. We also document heterogeneity in treatment effects by student preparation and organization social status.     

The effects of documentation on young children's memory

A central aspect of the Reggio approach to early childhood education is documentation, in which educators observe, record, and display children's work. Educational anecdotes and developmental theory suggest that documentation may facilitate children's memory; the current study explored this possibility empirically. Sixty-three preschool/kindergarten children experienced a novel learning event. Two days later, children were reminded with either documentation or worksheets of event details and the factual information that had been presented, or they were not reminded. Three weeks later, children completed a memory interview that included episodic and semantic measures. Children in the documentation and worksheet conditions remembered more factual information than those in the no-reminder condition. Children in the documentation condition produced more on-topic speech than those in the worksheet condition during reminding and a subsequent learning session. Potential benefits of documentation for classroom performance are discussed.     

The effects of working conditions on teacher retention

Teacher attrition is one of the driving contributors to the shortage of effective teachers internationally and in the United States. The common factors that spur teachers worldwide to leave the profession include low salaries, quality of teacher preparation programs, overwhelming workload, and poor working conditions. In this study, we analyzed three years of Arizona public schools’ teacher retention data and quantitative and qualitative working conditions survey data to understand the relationship between attrition patterns, perceived working conditions at their schools, and the characteristics of the schools where they were employed. We compared attrition rates in schools with different student demographic compositions and related these differences to working conditions as perceived by teachers in these schools. We found that schools where teachers rated their working conditions as more satisfactory had lower attrition rates and also were schools with higher rates of low-income and/or minority students. This findings support the hypothesis of working conditions being a mediating factor in the interplay between school demographics and teacher attrition. We document patterns of teacher retention rates across schools with different student demographics and discuss implications for policy.