字字句句应关情

每次发语文作业本的时候,我发现学生打开作业本总是迫不及待地、津津有味地读着老师留下的只言片语。这样的寥寥数语究竟给学生带来了什么呢?于是,我布置了一道特殊的作业题:写下作业本上最难忘的一句评语……     

“我给学生的精彩评语”征集大赛

一个学生就是一个盆景,评语是老师为"盆景"塑形的常规武器。精彩的评语就像是一场及时的春雨,恰到好处的只言片语可令学生温暖、悔悟、感动、自信……老师给学生的评语无处不在,可以在作业本上、可以在成绩单上、可以在课堂上、可以在师生交流中……给出一个适时、适意、适度的精彩评语是教师智慧的表露。欢迎各位老师加入到展现自己教育智慧和艺术的行列中来。"我给学生的精彩评语"包括两部分,一是评语的具体内容,即你对学生说的话或写在学生作业本、作文本、试卷上的评语;二是你写或者说这些话的背景。你把精彩留下来,我把精彩传播开。希望各地各学校积极组织,欢迎老师们积极参与。本刊每期将择优刊登,并分月评奖,按季度公布获奖名单。     

作业评语简论

教师在作业本上针对学生作业情况写下简短的评语，会对学生的学习产生指导、激励的作用给学生作业写评语可以有以下几种类型：赞扬型、鼓励型、希望型、启发型、批评型。教师应根据学生作业情况准确选择。     

数学教师也应该写评语

总以为给学生写评语是班主任的专利与义务。某一天批改学生的作业时,我给写得工整、清楚、有进步的学生画了个笑脸;给头脑聪明但做题思路乱、书写情况退步的画了个哭脸;对个别学生根据平时的表现写了三言两语。没想到作业本发下去以后,学生们竞相互传阅,而且我意外地发现,学生的听讲状况普遍有所改善,作业书写普遍比上次要好。从那以后,我给学生写评语便一发不可收,不论作业本还是试卷上。我越来越觉得,评语拉近了我与学生的距离,用学生的话说:"评语让我感到老师的眼里有我。"     

作业评语:成功英语教学的“妙用”

<正>在英语教学中,我们重视课堂用语,但是忽视作业评语。翻开学生的作业本,看到的都是简单的对、错符号、分数或等级,几乎没有评语。许多英语教师把大量的时间用于备课、课堂教学、作用的布置与批改、测验考试等,却不想花时间在学生的作业评语上。作业评语是英语教学中的一个重要环节,有其自身的特点和功能,它能帮助学生提     

谈作业评点

作业评点，就是教师用笔在作业本上不仅批其对错，还根据学生不同的性格特点、作业的质量写下评语，与学生进行心灵、情感、知识和学法的交流。     

英语教学中被遗忘的角落——作业评语

在英语教学中，我们往往是重视课堂用语而忽视作业评语?翻开学生的作业本，看到的多是简单的对、错符号或分数或等级．几乎没有评语，至多是千篇一律的OK或Good。许多英语教师改进教学，把大量的时间用于备课、课堂教学、作业的布置与批改、测验考试上，却想不到花点时间用在学生的作业评语表达的掌握程度则要通过作业来练习和检验。教师多使用作业评语可以提高学生的书面理解和表达能力。     

重视英语教学中的作业评语

正翻开学生英语作业本,笔者看到的多是简单的对、错符号或分数与等级,几乎没有什么评语,即使有,至多也就是OK、All right、Very good等字样。其实,作业评语也是英语教学的一项重要内     

有趣的作业批改

教育学生是一种细致活儿。然而,在小学语文教学中,许多教师往往只重视课堂评价,却忽视了作业评语。翻开学生的作业本,清楚地出现在我们面前的大多是简单批改：对错、分数加日期。作业的批改与评语的重要性随着新课程改革的深入而逐渐被大家所认识、所接受。下面,我就结合自己的教学实际,谈谈关于小学语文作业的批改与评语的一些做法。     

让评语走进数学作业本

数学教师在批改学生作业时,如果能在留意学生解题正误的同时,注意发现学生的闪光点,在学生作业本中写下简洁、灵活,富有启发性和激励性的评语,更能激发学生的思维,培养学生良好的品质,促进学生全面、持续、和谐的发展.     

A Case Study of Preschool Children’s Musical Interests at Home and at School

In the interaction between the child and the adult, interest can be a significant motivational initiator of activities. Systematic monitoring and development of the interest in music activities enables the teachers to influence the preschool children in forming a positive attitude towards the art of music. The research involving preschool teachers, children at the age of five to six and their parents, was conducted in order to determine the interest of preschool teachers and children in music activities. We found that the teachers showed greatest interest in singing songs, playing instruments and listening to music. The children’s favourite activities in kindergarten were movement to music (dancing), singing songs and playing on instruments, namely activities where they could take active part in the educational process. The parents reported that at home the children preferred most to listen to music, to sing songs and move to the sounds of music, and less to play on instruments and to be creative in music. The development of the children’s interest in music depends on the teachers’ expression of interest in music activities, on the choice of music activities and music contents and on the experience in the music environment of the family.     

Japan’s colonial policies – from national assimilation to the Kominka Movement: a comparative study of primary education in Taiwan and Korea (1937–1945)

The eight-year-long period from Japan’s initiation of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 to its unconditional surrender in 1945 forced Japan to invest its national economy and industrial and scientific technologies in the war. In addition, in the name of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Japan initiated its assimilation and Kominka (Japanisation) policies (皇民化政策) in the colonies Korea and Taiwan. Japan used education as a tool to expand its influence over members of society, and attempted the frequent use of Japanese and Kominka (皇民化) in daily life to penetrate the awareness of people in the colonies. Japan also started to enforce various assimilation policies. A comparison of the implementation of Kominka policies (皇民化政策) in Taiwan and Korea shows that, in terms of school admission rates and frequency of use of Japanese, the proportion of school admission rates for frequent speakers of Japanese to primary education in Taiwan are significantly higher than those in Korea. Moreover, in terms of primary education, national schools were implemented in both Taiwan and Korea according to the “National School Order” promulgated in 1941. Japan made use of the term “education equality” to win people over. In fact, it aimed to strengthen the concept of Kominka (皇民化), the education of militarism, and to force the Taiwanese and Koreans to become “imperial citizens” loyal to the Emperor. Japan’s ultimate objective was to create an environment that met military needs for civilian and military resources.     

Developing and changing practice in special educational needs through critically reflective action research: a case study

The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the use of action research as a tool for developing critical reflection which has the potential to lead to change and development in practice in education, in particular, in the area of special educational needs (SEN) and inclusion. In order to support and illustrate the critique, a case study of a group of Dutch practising teachers and education professionals engaged in studying for a master's degree in SEN is used. The three-year programme of study followed by the group was a practice-based programme of professional development, with heavy emphasis on action research throughout. For this particular group action research was an entirely new concept, and indeed many of them expressed considerable scepticism about its validity as an approach to research, or for that matter, professional development, at the beginning of the programme. The whole group were working in areas associated with SEN where the need to change practice was an urgent imperative, due to changes in education policy and the rapid move towards inclusion in The Netherlands. Having been responsible for the development and teaching of the programme for several years, I decided to make a case study of one cohort of students in order to carry out some more structured and detailed evaluation of the impact of the programme on practice. I also wanted to reaffirm the general impression I had gathered from continuing student evaluation and feedback, that their work, and in particular the action research they had carried out, had led to genuine development and, in some cases, fairly radical change in their professional practice.     

汉语言文学专业写作实践教学改革的思考与探索

在探索汉语言文学专业改革的过程中,我们始终将"能写会说"定位为专业的核心能力,各措并举强化写作训练。为了进一步推进写作实践教学改革,探索写作实践教学新模式,我们率先在黟县屏山村建立了汉语言文学专业实践基地,带领学生在特定环境中深入生活,参与劳动、采访、调查等多种写作实践活动,让学生贴近生活、贴近底层、贴近心灵、贴近应用进行写作,这极大地提升了学生的综合素养和写作能力,作品的真实度、艺术性、感染力、说服力和文本的规范意识都得到显著提升。     

军校大学生心理问题的产生及解消

军校大学生正处在人的一生中心理发展变化最为激烈的青年期 ,面临着一系列生理、心理和军校特殊环境方面的适应体验。心理发展的不成熟、自我同一性的不确定、情绪的不稳定等特点 ,使他们的心理冲突时有发生 ,极易导致适应不良 ,出现紧张焦虑感 ,闭守孤独感、消沉自卑感、低落抑郁感、压抑苦闷感等心理问题。在分析心理问题成因的基础上 ,探讨如何加强军校大学生心理健康教育。     

中国现代化进程中的国家与社会走向

国家与社会是两种不同的人类组织,但是由于多种因素的影响和作用,长期以来人们的思想和实践中都存在着将两者混同的倾向,结果就形成了国家与社会关系的失衡,主要表现为社会自主性的缺失和国家权威性的不足.当代中国政府的职能改革,通过个人权利与公共权力之间的界分,合理地设定政府职能的行使范围和方式等,从而进一步深化国家与社会之间关系的调整.无论是经济体制的转换还是政治体制的改革,以及政府职能的改革都需要法治的保障.通过市场的中间作用,可以构建适合中国国情的新型国家与社会关系.     

Les colonies de vacances en France, 1944–1958: impulsions politiques autour d’un fait social majeur

Abstract

This article looks at the French state’s approach to the “colonies de vacances” between 1944 and 1958. Created in 1876 by the Reverend Bion in Zurich, these summer camps originated as a charitable institution: their initial purpose was to provide rural retreats and to restore the health of poor urban youth. Set up on French soil in 1880, these institutions gradually grew in France in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Considered both as complements to the republican school and as extensions of the “patronages” (parish unions), they were important for children and adolescents from the industrial city suburbs, and were enshrined in the leisure policies of the Popular Front from 1936 onwards. After the Second World War, summer camps in France became a major social institution (300,000 children went to summer camps in 1945, 900,000 in 1949) in response to both hygiene and educational needs. Based on the archives of the Directorate of Youth Movements and Popular Education (1944–1947) and the General Directorate of Youth and Sports (1948–1958), this article aims to examine the politics behind the organisation of these summer camps and to demonstrate the social and political importance of these popular educational institutions which, in 1957, involved 1.35 million French children and teenagers. Although the history of French summer camp federations (UFCV, CEMEA, CPVC, UFOVAL, etc.) has been widely studied, how the state sees its role and influences these organisations has mostly been considered indirectly. The intention is to show that among the educational, cultural and sports policies implemented during the Fourth Republic in France, those related to the organisation of “colonies de vacances”, and therefore the organisation of holidays for a very large number of children and teenagers, occupy a significant place. In 1944, the summer camps were widely supported by the French state, which also planned to regulate this booming sector. The creation of qualifications for summer camp staff and directors in 1949 obliged organisations to start training schemes: they trained staff and directors to work in the municipal camps, associations, etc. Security issues led to the state tightening control of the summer camps, their recruitment and their activities. There was a great deal of political investment in these “colonies de vacances” during this period, and this was reflected in the creation of a Ministerial Education Committee in 1950, a general and regional body of inspectors for these camps, etc. However, the considerable expansion of summer camps posed increasing problems at the national political level resulting in changes to the initial subsidy policies. The State played a major part in crucial issues such as the sociological diversification of these institutions and the changes in their social role according to evolving sociocultural trend. The fact remains that the “colonies de vacances” were for the French state a centrepiece of the “popular education” that the political actors of the Fourth Republic wanted to implement in order to build the France of the post-war period..     

关于当代西方国家中间阶层发展变化的几点思考

在现代化进程中，随着我国社会结构分化与整合程度不断加强，社会阶层必然产生新的分化与重组，在这一过程中，中间阶层正悄然崛起。本从全球视角分析了中间阶层在社会现代化过程中的积极意义，根据当代西方国家中间阶层产生的社会经济条件，根据中间阶层社会功能，提出我国在全面实现小康社会过程中应大力培育和发展中间阶层的理念和策略。     

Differentiation and social segregation of UK higher education, 1996–2010

Policies to expand higher education (HE) in the UK have emphasised the importance of widening participation by under-represented groups. However, the attention has shifted from who participates in HE (and who does not) to the different institutions attended by students from different backgrounds. Researchers have typically investigated this issue by comparing rates of entry to different types of university. This paper proposes an alternative approach; it uses concepts of social segregation, hitherto applied mainly to secondary schools, to analyse UCAS data on the social and demographic characteristics of entrants to HE. It estimates indices of segregation between HE institutions, and between subject areas within institutions, for selected cohorts of entrants to full-time undergraduate courses between 1996 and 2010. Levels of segregation during this period have been relatively high in relation to ethnicity and independent schooling, lower in relation to age and lowest in relation to gender, disability and social class. Most indices show stability over time, with a decline in the segregation of non-white ethnic groups and a small increase in segregation of independent school students. Levels of segregation differ across the four UK home countries, and tend to be highest in England.     

Transforming learning: teaching compassion and caring values in higher education

As a result of reported failings in the care of people in the health and social care sector in the UK, HE providers who produce professionals to work in these areas are being challenged to address caring values in the student body. As values are subjective and affective, this requires the learning environment to not only promote critical thinking and the development of professional competencies, but to facilitate personal growth and change within students at cognitive, emotional and spiritual levels. As the latter dimensions are frequently ignored in education, this is very challenging: it requires a curriculum that supports students to understand, reflect on and, if necessary, restructure their own caring values in order to develop a transcendent lens i.e. the ability to put others before their own self interests and that of the organisation in which they work. It also requires students to develop the skills to challenge others in situations where caring values are not achieved or sustained. This can only be accomplished as a co-produced phenomenon, as it requires students who are prepared to engage in the process and educators, in both HE and practice settings, who are able and willing to role model appropriate skills and facilitate a learning relationship in which students can grow. However, if the true wisdom of caring values is to be realised in everyday practice, then this kind of transformational learning has to be supported at wider structural levels, and this just may be its Achilles heel.