教育安置方式与流动儿童城市适应的关系

采用整群取样法对北京市1164名流动儿童,525名当地儿童及流动儿童主要来源省份的568名农村儿童进行问卷调查,考察流动儿童城市适应现状及其与教育安置方式的关系。结果表明,与北京当地儿童相比,流动儿童社会文化及心理适应不足,但与农村儿童相比,他们的社会文化适应更强,但心理适应不佳;公立学校流动儿童在社会文化和心理适应上都明显优于打工子弟学校儿童;控制了性别、年龄、来京时间及家庭经济地位等影响因素后,教育安置方式对流动儿童城市适应仍然有显著预测作用,公立学校流动儿童社会文化适应更好,自尊更高,且更少产生孤独、抑郁等心理适应问题。     

流动儿童的教育公平问题

一、流动儿童面临的教育公平问题 1.教育起点不公平. 就教育起点公平而言,主要包括以下两个方面:首先是就学权利平等,其次是就学机会平等.从宏观来看,据2003年国务院妇女儿童工作委员会和中国儿童中心共同立项,财政部和联合国儿童基金会资助的对北京、深圳、武汉、成都等9个城市流动儿童教育调查结果表明:流动儿童失学率达到9.3%,近半数的适龄流动儿童不能及时入学.     

融入还是隔离?——公立学校流动人口子女与城市学生社会距离实证研究

根据抽样调查的结果,分析探讨公立学校流动人口子女与城市学生之间的社会距离及其影响因素.发现:绝大多数流动人口子女经常与城市学生交往、愿意与城市学生交往,并且预期城市学生对他们持接纳态度,两类学生之间的社会距离非常小,社会隔离的代际传递不明显.从影响因素来看,学习成绩,家庭经济条件、大众传媒、学生活动对流动人口子女在城市公立学校的社会融入起到促进作用,而年级、社会排斥感、社会剥夺感对其在城市公立学校的社会融入起到阻碍作用.     

流动儿童歧视知觉与自尊:社会支持与流动时间的作用

采用问卷调查法,以503名流动儿童为对象考察了其歧视知觉与自尊的关系,以及社会支持和流动时间在其中的作用.结果发现:(1)在歧视知觉方面,公立学校流动儿童显著低于打工子弟学校儿童,小学生显著低于初中生;(2)在社会支持方面,公立学校流动儿童显著高于打工子弟学校儿童,小学生显著高于初中生;(3)流动儿童的歧视知觉与自尊呈显著负相关,社会支持对二者关系起部分中介作用;流动时间对二者关系起调节作用,即对于流动时间达3.5-10.5年的儿童,歧视知觉对自尊的负向预测力最强.     

流动儿童生活满意度状况及其影响因素研究

正发现一流动儿童仍有较为明显的受歧视知觉。其中,公立学校流动儿童的受歧视知觉显著高于民工子弟学校,初中阶段的流动儿童在受歧视知觉上显著高于小学阶段流动儿童。发现二流动儿童的受歧视知觉和生活满意度之间存在显著性负相关,是他们城市融入的危险性因素之一。而希望感则正好相反,它与流动儿童的生活满意度存在显著性正相关,是他们城市融入的保护性因素之一。     

公立学校流动儿童的幸福感、歧视知觉及其关系

文章以559名流动儿童为被试,采用问卷调查方法,考察了公立学校流动儿童的幸福感、歧视知觉状况及两者之间的关系。结果发现:(1)在小学阶段公立学校流动儿童幸福感显著高于打工子弟学校流动儿童;而在初中阶段两类儿童幸福感无显著差异。(2)相比于打工子弟学校,公立学校流动儿童有较少的歧视知觉;女生歧视知觉显著低于男生;小学阶段流动儿童歧视知觉显著低于初中阶段。(3)公立学校流动儿童的歧视知觉与其幸福感得分之间存在显著的负相关。(4)学校类型在流动儿童歧视知觉与幸福感的关系中起着调节作用,公立学校流动儿童的歧视知觉对幸福感的负向预测作用更强。     

与师同行 理性相处

多数同学都有这样的体会：与哪个老师关系比较融洽，喜欢上哪门课，哪门成绩就好；如果与哪个老师关系不和谐也会殃及那门课，这大概也是爱屋及乌的反映吧。学生的大部分时问在学校里，就免不了和老师交往，对学生来说，怎么和老师交往呢？     

流动儿童义务教育面临的困境及反思

农村税费改革以来,我国流动儿童义务教育取得了巨大成就,但也面临一些问题:流动儿童辍学现象仍然存在,流动儿童就学渠道单一,部分就读学校教学质量不能达到国家规定标准,且流动儿童不能接受与流入地城市儿童同等的义务教育等.文章从公共选择、我国义务教育管理体制和户籍制度等方面分析了流动儿童义务教育困境的原因,并提出了相应的对策.     

城市流动儿童受教育现状研究

流动儿童是流动劳动力的派生部分,他们在城市的健康成长面临着诸多困难:如营养结构不合理,生长发育受影响;居住环境条件差,卫生和健康状况很难保证;公立学校受歧视,难以与城市儿童平等相处;私立学校条件差,全面发展受限制;父母忙赚钱,与孩子交往少;黑色网吧诱惑大,学生沉迷其中;屡受不良少年欺诲,身心受到伤害等.对流动儿童进行积极健康的身心关怀和引导,比对他们实施单纯的文化课教育具有更加深远的意义.应关注和改善城市流动儿童受教育的现状:解开户籍制度的枷锁;政策和教育基金向民工小学倾斜;学校定期为流动儿童家长进行免费培训;媒体呼吁和谐共处,让流动儿童免受歧视;加大学校周边环境严管力度,倡导健康教育氛围.     

信息技术在美国流动教育中的应用及启示

美国为了解决流动儿童不仅能"进得去"流入地公立学校,而且流入地公立学校也能"留得住"流动儿童的问题,从联邦干预流动教育开始,信息技术就被引入流动教育.信息技术伴随美国流动教育始终,为保障流动儿童平等教育权发挥了巨大作用.美国关于信息技术在流动教育中的研究和实践对我国有一定的借鉴意义.     

“差生”：外来工子弟正在被“污名化”——对公办学校外来工子弟学生形象的实证研究

随着农民工子弟进城接受学校九年制义务教育,在招收农民工子弟的公办学校中,农民工子弟就是"差生"的印象正在形成.老师、本地学生与其家长普遍认为外来工子弟不仅学习成绩差,而且学习态度与生活卫生习惯也差,影响班级与学校整体教学质量的提高.被"污名化"的农民工子弟在公办学校中处境困难,深受社会排斥的影响.     

外来工子女的城市融入状况与政策调适

劳动力转移中流动儿童的社会融入状况日益受到关注.对天津市两所外来务工人员子女较多的学校进行调查,从居住状况、学习成绩、同辈群体、家庭关系、对城市的适应度等方面,来考察他们对城市的生活、结构、心理等方面的融入情况.在此基础上,从不同角度提出流动儿童城市社会融入政策的发展方向及具体政策的关注点.     

留守与流动儿童的网络成瘾现状及其心理健康与人际关系

为调查流动和留守儿童网络成瘾倾向发生率,探讨两类儿童心理健康、人际关系和网络成瘾倾向的关系,使用问卷法测查了3416名流动儿童、留守儿童和农村普通儿童,发现（1）流动儿童、留守儿童和普通儿童的网络成瘾倾向比率分别为12．99％、6．83％和6．82％。（2）初中女生的网络成瘾得分显著高于小学女生,男女流动儿童的网络成瘾得分均显著大于对应性别的留守儿童和农村普通儿童。（3）留守与流动儿童的网络成瘾倾向组与非网络成瘾倾向组相比,均存在较差的心理健康和人际关系。（4）留守和流动儿童中网络成瘾倾向组的心理健康状况比普通儿童的网络成瘾倾向组更差。     

外来工子女的城市融人状况与政策调适

劳动力转移中流动儿童的社会融入状况日益受到关注。对天津市两所外来务工人员子女较多的学校进行调查,从居住状况、学习成绩、同辈群体、家庭关系、对城市的适应度等方面,来考察他们对城市的生活、结构、心理等方面的融入情况。在此基础上,从不同角度提出流动儿童城市社会融入政策的发展方向及具体政策的关注点。     

Social Exclusion and the Hidden Curriculum: The Schooling Experiences of Chinese Rural Migrant Children in an Urban Public School

Since 2001, the Chinese government had passed a series of policies known as ‘the two primary responsibilities’ to allow the rural migrant children to attend urban public schools. However, what the migrant children actually experienced in and after negotiating access to these schools deserves serious attention from educators, scholars and policymakers. Based on prolonged ethnographic fieldwork in a Beijing public school, this study demonstrated three key aspects of exclusions in migrant children’s schooling experiences, namely, (1) access to school, (2) in-class participations and (3) peer interactions, and examined the ‘hidden curriculum’ in the existing school practices that prevented migrant children from integrating successfully in the urban school settings. We found that academic performance lay at the root of social exclusions, but the local educators’ perceptions of migrant children as outsiders, the urban-oriented school curricular and urban children’s involvement (vis-à-vis migrant children’s little involvement) in the extracurricular activities at school as well as the paid supplementary trainings outside school together formed the ‘hidden curriculum’ that led to the marginalization of migrant students in the urban school system.     

In search of educational equity for the migrant children of Shanghai

Around the world there is a growing consensus that migrant children's rights must be protected, regardless of where they have emigrated from. One of these rights is the right to a public education of equal quality to that granted to non-migrant children regardless of where one's family is registered or pays taxes. This article focuses on migrant children schooling in Shanghai. It will show that three main problems are still impeding migrant children from getting a high-quality education. They are: the inferior quality of migrant children schools; the lack of access to a public school and the much higher costs of schooling; and the high mobility of migrant students. Our conclusion: the education rights of migrant children have become contingent on the wills of urban local governments, public attitudes, and available space in local public schools.     

信任:农民工与市民主观距离的实证分析

社会信任是群体关系是否和谐、社会秩序是否良性运行的重要心理机制。通过实证分析发现，农民工的信任关系构成高低有序的等级关系：最信任的社会关系是老乡，之后依次是同事、城市的亲戚、房东、城市管理者和非房东的邻居。农民工最不信任市民，二者社会距离很大。在收入层次上，农民工更加信任中等收入的市民，其次是高收入市民，农民工最不信任低收入市民。两大群体的信任程度与交往行为和市民对于农民工的歧视有相关关系。     

Shyness-Sensitivity and Social, School, and Psychological Adjustment in Rural Migrant and Urban Children in China

The purpose of this study was to examine relations between shyness-sensitivity and social competence, school performance, and psychological well-being in Chinese children with rural and urban backgrounds. Participants were students in rural migrant children schools and city schools in China ( N s = 411 and 518, respectively; M age = 10 years). Data were obtained from peer evaluations, teacher ratings, self-reports, and school records. It was found that shyness was associated with social and school problems and depression in urban children. However, shyness was generally associated with indexes of adjustment such as leadership, teacher-rated competence, and academic achievement in rural migrant children. The results indicate the role of context in defining the functional meaning of social behavior in children's adjustment.     

‘Everybody is Available to Them’: Support Measures for Migrant Students in Irish Secondary Schools

ABSTRACT

Migration to Ireland is continuing, albeit at a much slower pace, and migrant children continue to have a strong presence in Irish schools. How well these students integrate into the Irish education system depends, at least partially, on the support measures the schools have put in place for them. This article draws on the results of a large-scale empirical study on academic and social support measures available in Irish secondary schools, and contributes to the debate on challenges, in terms of inclusivity, posed by immigration into Ireland. The article discusses approaches taken at government and school level in addressing the needs of new arrivals, offering a comparative perspective of various support models in the EU. While there is a growing body of research on the experiences of migrant children and young people in schools, few previous studies have drawn on a nationally representative data set and focused specifically on the support measures migrant students can have access to.     

公办中小学办学体制改革问题的探讨

公办中小学办学体制改革呈现出多样化的发展趋势,主要包括产权转让模式、“产权不变,按民办机制运行”模式和新建合作型学校模式。从公办中小学办学体制改革的具体实践看,改革取得了一定成效,但如何履行政府职能,如何保障适龄儿童、青少年的权益．如何促进学校之间的公平竞争和均衡发展,如何管理国有教育资产,如何防范腐败滋生等问题依然存在。对此,应明确办学体制改革的指导原则,切实保障办学体制改革过程中教师、学生及其家长的权益,规范办学体制改革过程中的教育资产管理,以推进基础教育事业的快速发展。