公民身份与公民教育的社会理论解读

公民身份是公民教育活动的出发点和旨归,公民教育是养成和塑造公民身份的有效途径,二者密不可分。对于公民身份与公民教育的研究,涉及诸多社会学科,需要一种综合性、跨学科的理论工具来整合各个学科的资源。社会理论或许是讨论公民身份与公民教育的理想平台。在社会理论的视野中,公民身份需要宽泛的理解,公民教育应涉及全球化视角、批判性认知、多元化内涵、制度化保障等诸多方面。     

社会科课程中的公民教育新取向及其教学策略

公民资质传递的观点蕴涵着对\"公民\"概念的基本理解。分别强调社会科学的学习、决策能力的培养和批判思考的养成等三种公民教育取向,在社会科课程中占据了越来越重要的位置。在全球化的背景下,公民资格已经演绎成为一个多维度的概念,公民资格逐步从民族国家拓展到全球社会,从单一的宪政意义上的法律概念演变成为一个以法律、政治为核心的多维度概念;公民权责作为公民资格的核心逐步从单一强调公民责任发展成为强调公民权责的平衡。     

柏拉图的正义理论及其对我国推进社会公平正义建设的启示

古希腊哲学家柏拉图的正义理论是建立在个人灵魂和谐与国家和谐统一的基础上的。进一步说其正义理论是建立在个人利益与国家利益的协调统一之上的。柏拉图认为正义的实现需要生产资料的公有、良好的教育和具有正义理念的执政者三者的有机统一。这对我国当前推进社会公平正义建设提供了有益启示,坚持和完善以公有制为主体的经济制度,建立完备的公共教育,执政者树立更高层次的正义理念是促进我国社会公平正义的有效途径。     

和谐社会视野中的教育公平

和谐社会建设必须更加注重社会公平,而社会公平的一个最基本的范畴就是教育公平。教育公平是当今社会关注的一个重大问题,也是广大民众倾心追求的价值目标。教育的基本功能之一,就是缩小贫富差距,促进社会平等。当前教育发展中存在一些不公平问题,需要我们从理论和实践的层面上理性思考,认真分析,找准对策,切实解决,以实现教育公平、社会和谐。     

社会科课程体系中的历史教育

历史知识及方法关乎人们认识自我和社会的深度,关乎公民教育的质量,以至凡涉及人的权利、义务、道德、态度、价值观等教育内容时,历史知识及方法就成了理解人、社会和人的精神世界的核心内容之一。我们之所以为人,除了历史成就的人文文化外,还因我们有推进自己的历史不断文明且更具智慧、更有道德、更为人道主义的愿望和能力。公民教育正是依靠这种愿望和能力养成有知识、有道德、负责任的公民。因此,与其说社会科教育需要包含历史教育——作为人的基本的知识素养,不如说公民教育要求社会科必备良好的历史教育——作为现代公民所必需的、与现代意识养成密切关联的一整套观念体系的核心部分。     

Engaging the ‘maximal’ intentions of the citizenship curriculum: one teacher's story

Exploring how the transformative intentions within the mandated citizenship curriculum framework for English schools demand a particular kind of citizenship teacher – one who ‘acts against the grain’ of the inequities and injustices of the social world – this paper presents Mr C's story. Mr C is a secondary teacher at an Upper School located north of London. The paper considers the significance of his philosophies and knowledge in enabling practice aimed at developing students' socially inclusive but critical understandings of diversity and difference. Mr C's well‐defined personal philosophies about justice and the ‘common good’ and his capacity to translate these philosophies into practice are presented as central to mobilising the transformative or ‘maximal’ intentions of the citizenship curriculum. In highlighting the complexities and sophistication in Mr C's approach, however, the issues presented in this paper further strengthen the critique regarding the curriculum's depoliticised approach. While Mr C draws on the curriculum as a political device to support equity goals, it cannot be assumed that citizenship teachers more generally will have the requisite philosophies and knowledge necessary to do so.     

试析社会行动取向公民教育课程的特色

社会行动取向公民教育课程是对社会科传递公民资质模式、社会科学模式与反思探究模式以往三种教学传统的超越。这一取向以理性正义,感性关怀为核心理念,体现出以下特色:课程内容上具有意义性与挑战性,课程组织上具有渐进性与统整性,课程实施上具有主体性与持续性,课程评价上具有反思性与整全性。     

Critical analysis of textbooks: knowledge-generating logics and the emerging image of ‘global economic contexts’

This paper presents an approach to the critical analysis of textbook knowledge, which, working from a discourse theory perspective (based on the work of Foucault), refers to the performative nature of language. The critical potential of the approach derives from an analysis of knowledge-generating logics, which produce particular images of reality in the textual material. This kind of criticism creates space for didactic reflection in which something ‘other’ can be systematically highlighted. The approach is described by means of an example, an analysis of Austrian textbooks on business administration, looking specifically at the knowledge they contain about global economic contexts.     

‘Won’t Somebody Think of the Children?’ Emotions,child poverty,and post-humanitarian possibilities for social justice education

Abstract

Under models of moral and global citizenship education, compassion and caring are emphasized as a counterpoint to pervasive, heartless, neo-liberal globalization. According to such views, these and related emotions such as empathy, sympathy, and pity, can cause people to act righteously to aid others who are disadvantaged through no fault of their own. When applied to the contemporary issue of alleviating child poverty, it seems such emotions are both appropriate and easily developed through education. However, emotional appeals increasing a sense of urgency regarding such a dire issue should not necessarily be prioritized in the face of competing possibilities. Emotions can be difficult to develop, regulate, and sustain. Their appropriate expression and application in global contexts can be problematic, as people’s valuation and understanding of feelings varies across societies. Additionally, there are tensions between discourses of emotional care and compassion and rational duty to social justice. This article examines competing views on education for understanding and responding to child poverty, and defends post-humanitarian imaginaries and the possibility of non-relational care ethics. Care, compassion, empathy, and emotion may be involved in learning about child poverty, but an a priori rational orientation is also essential in such grave matters of social injustice.     

“It’s Groundhog Day”: Foucault’s Governmentality and Crisis Discourses in Physical Education

ABSTRACT

Dominant discourses in physical education research center on subject-wide crisis. This is despite repeated calls to address enduring concerns about how physical education is taught. In short, the subject seems caught in Groundhog Day (defined by Oxford Dictionaries (n.d.) as “a situation in which a series of unwelcome or tedious events appear to be recurring in exactly the same way”). This article scrutinizes this position through Foucault’s lens of governmentality, which focuses particularly on power/knowledge relations and their relationship to subjectivity. Through this lens, research functions as a shaper of contemporary understanding and becomes a means for intervention by “experts.” The article is structured as a conversation between authors about dominant discourses in physical education research and issues of governmentality. It argues that research approaches such as action research are framed within other power/knowledge relations and may provide a way to wake up on a new day.