When overseas education meets a changing local context: the role of Tokyo Higher Technical School in the industrial modernisation of China in the early twentieth century

It is a wise choice for a backward country to explore overseas education bases to find the training for urgently needed talents. In 1900, the Qing government began actively sending students to study advanced technology in Japan. From that time, Tokyo Higher Technical School (THTS) became an indispensable overseas base for Chinese students studying abroad. Although the educational resources of THTS were not superior to those of the imperial universities, returning THTS graduates played a greater role in the industrial modernisation of China than the graduates from imperial universities. This article shows that the role of importers of technology is not only determined by the technology they have acquired, but also highly influenced by a variety of factors, such as opportunity and social demand, presenting a complex and changeable pattern in different contexts. For developing countries, the ‘appropriateness’ plays a more important role than the ‘progressiveness’ of the imported technology.     

Educational testing as an accountability measure: drawing on twentieth-century Danish history of education experiences

This article reveals perspectives based on experiences from twentieth-century Danish educational history by outlining contemporary, test-based accountability regime characteristics and their implications for education policy. The article introduces one such characteristic, followed by an empirical analysis of the origins and impacts of test-based accountability measures applying both top-down and bottom-up perspectives.

These historical perspectives offer the opportunity to gain a fuller understanding of this contemporary accountability concept and its potential, appeal and implications for continued use in contemporary educational settings. Accountability measures and practices serve as a way to govern schools; by analysing the history of accountability as the concept has been practised in the education sphere, the article will discuss both pros and cons of such a methodology, particularly as it relates to contemporary education governance.     

Educating Immigrants in the Netherlands: Migration flows and educational policy in the twentieth century

The first part of this article describes some general tendencies in migrant and school populations in Western Europe. Then it focusses upon some specific migration flows in the Netherlands in the twentieth century. A distinction is made between three migration parameters: colonies, labour force, and asylum. The second part of this article discusses the policy initiatives taken to educate the different migrant groups and their offspring. A distinction can be made between the first 70 years of the twentieth century and the remaining decades. In the first part of the century the education of immigrants was in the hands of private initiatives set up by churches, welfare institutions, migrant organisations, and employers. Later the Dutch government became a major player.

     

论丹麦职教师资培训体系及其启示

丹麦的职教师资培训具有比较完整的体系,它对职教教师的起点要求明确,注重初始培训与继续教育,培训内容丰富,考核方式科学,形成了鲜明的特色。这些特色对我国设立专门职教师资培训机构,明确教师准入标准和工作要求,以及从政策、资金等方面支持职教教师的继续培训等具有一定的启示作用。     

Modernisation and the field of educational administration

In this article I examine New Labour’s approach to the transformation of education by focusing on Michael Barber’s account of policy delivery, and I show that while historical analysis is relevant to policy processes it is absent in the reality of design. I provide a critical evaluation of knowledge claims underpinning policy in England before I go on to show the importance of history both for and about policy and practice in education, where a specific claim is made for its relevance to futuring and strategising.     

Eternal vigilance: politics,race, and the struggle for educational equity in a Central Texas Community

Abstract

This article documents the emergence of a Mexican-American political consciousness in a Central Texas Community and the efforts to dismantle decades of inequitable, exclusionary educational policies and practices. We take readers into a community on the verge of profound change by exploring primary historical data and situating the voices of community leaders in a historical context. We employ a theory of change framework (RASPPA) to chronicle a community’s response to macro-level societal changes. To understand the need for Mexican-American activism in Central Texas, we providing a survey of literature that chronicles Mexican-American experience in Texas. This is a story about a community realizing its political capacity and leveraging its own agency for change. We take a walk-through history and use place, race, identity and courage to inform a new vision for educational equity.     

丹麦职业教育降低辍学率的措施及对我国的启示

从对学生进行入学前的职业指导,到帮助学生基础课程阶段的学习和适应主修课程阶段的企业实训,丹麦在职业教育中践行了一系列措施来预防学生辍学。我国职业教育可以借鉴,通过加强学生入学前的就业指导,实施个性化教学,制定全程化的学习指导制度,深化国际化项目等方式,降低职业教育中的辍学率。     

外国学前教育引进与20世纪上半期中国学前教育变革

20世纪上半期,中国学前教育制度及其思想发生了巨大变革,每次变革都与当时外国学前教育的引进分不开。时值今日,我国学前教育现代化水平仍然处于相对落后地位。如何引进并借鉴外国学前教育的先进经验和模式,推进我国学前教育制度及其理论的变革与创新,仍然是摆在国人面前的重要课题。     

20世纪中国大陆教育社会学的回顾

20世纪的中国教育社会学分为三个阶段：孕育创建期(20世纪初一1949年)，停滞沉沦期(1949——1979年)和重建发展期(1979——2000年)。从制度化的视角回顾三个阶段的教育社会学发展，对21世纪的教育社会学发展将会有所助益。     

我国教育史上研究性学习思想探微

研究性学习是当前关于人的终身教育学习的重要思想 ,我国有着悠久的教育学习传统和丰富的经验 ,许多著名的教育家在不同时期提出了学习过程中充分发挥主体参与、亲身实践和研究创新的真知灼见。     

Activism,identity and service: the influence of the Asian American Movement on the educational experiences of college students

This article emphasises two major themes that address the influence of the Asian American Movement: (1) encouraging students to broaden the discourse on race and ethnic relations by redefining categories and challenging prevalent assumptions; (2) an increased tolerance and frequency in course offerings that examine and centralise the histories, literature and political underpinnings of Asian Americans and ethnic (i.e. Japanese) specific communities, which has equipped students to engage in discourse and community action. Countering dominant narratives through unification and education is the means by which Asian American students fought for representation and fair treatment.     

Establishing a custom of proving in american school geometry: evolution of the two-column proof in the early twentieth century

Having high school students prove geometrical propositions became the norm in the United States with the reforms of the 1890's — when geometry was designated as the place for students to learn the art of demonstration. A custom of asking students to produce and write proofs in a two-column format of statements and reasons developed as the teaching profession responded to the demands of reform. I provide a historical account for how proving evolved as a task for students in school geometry, starting from the time when geometry became a high school subject and continuing to the time when proof became the centerpiece of the geometry curriculum. I use the historical account to explain how the two-column proof format brought stability to the course of studies in geometry by making it possible for teachers to claim that they were teaching students how to prove and for students to demonstrate that their work involved proving. I also uncover what the nature of school geometry came to be as a result of the emphasis in students' learning to prove by showing that students' acquisition of a generic notion of proof was made possible at the expense of reducing students' participation in the development of new ideas. I draw connections between that century-old reform and current reform emphases on reasoning and proof. I use observations from history to suggest that as we carve a place for proof in present-day school mathematics we must be leery of isolating issues of proving from issues of knowing.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fostering educational participation in pastoral communities through non-formal education: the Ghanaian perspective

This paper is an investigation of the impact of the Shepherd School Program, a non-formal basic education program implemented in seven pastoral communities in northern Ghana. The paper argues that non-formal basic education programs can have an important impact on the educational development of a community. However, for this to be possible, the context of such programs must answer to communities’ social, cultural, economic and other immediate needs.     

An Examination of English Teachers' Opinions About the Ontario Grade 9 Reading and Writing Test

Interest in the use of large-scale achievement testing for accountability purposes and to drive instructional reform has been increasing in Canada. In the 1995 publications in Interchange, several researchers debated the merits and demerits of standardized achievement testing, including among the latter a tendency to reduce the curriculum and overemphasize routine learning (i.e., teaching to the test). Almost no studies have found empirical evidence for such testing's purported benefits. We set out to investigate these issues in Ontario: We present findings from a mail survey designed to find out, from Grade 9 and Grade 10 English teachers in Ontario, their perception of the quality of the Ontario Grade 9 literacy testing program and the effects it has had on the teaching and learning processes. Based on the responses of 107 teachers, our results paint a negative picture of teachers' opinions of the Grade 9 test in terms of its quality and its impact on teaching and learning. Three years after the Grade 9 test was first introduced, Grade 9 and 10 English teachers are still not convinced of its value. Our findings (and those from two other similar surveys) appear to suggest, at least based on teachers' self-reporting, that the purposes of the test — improving the quality of education and learning — as envisioned by the Ontario Ministry of Education and Training have not been met. These findings support those of other assessment impact studies in Canada, namely British Columbia and Alberta, regarding the adverse consequences of large-scale standardized testing (either multiple-choice test or performance-based assessment), and the lack of evidence for its purported positive educational influences. We recommend future research to investigate further the validity and the educational impact of the provincial tests and the reasons responsible for the observed impact or lack of it, and to determine resources, such as teacher training and materials, that are necessary to supplement the provincial testing program's effort to improve teaching and learning.     

二十世纪初的唯实主义教育思想

唯实主义教育思想的发展在辛亥革命前后细历了实利、实用、实业、职业教育等几个渐进阶段,提倡最力有蔡元培、陆费逵、庄俞、黄炎培等人,唯实主义教育思想为现代教育尤其是对辛亥革命以后大批实业学堂、职业学校的诞生作了思想主的准备,对现代教育的发展产生了重要影响。     

Funds of knowledge in 21st century societies: inclusive educational practices for under-represented students. A literature review

Although the first educational applications of the funds of knowledge (FoK) concept were carried out in the late 1980s, there have been numerous developments and proposals since then, many of which have been made within the last few years. It continues to be, therefore, a valid, cutting-edge educational approach; one which seeks to overcome the lingering deficit perspective in education, by improving relationships between families and schools, and by designing culturally sensitive and contextualized curricular activities. In this review, we have identified 92 peer-reviewed publications relating to FoK in the ERIC database, dating from between 2011 and 2015. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of this literature and identify potential key trends, tensions, extensions and issues concerning current applications of the FoK approach. A number of contributions for teacher candidates and teacher professional development derived from the literature review are also suggested.     

本科教育质量保证研究——历史与比较的视角

本文从历史和比较的视角,依据高等教育大众化发展分期理论,以质量保证主体为主要依据,概括出精英阶段本科教育质量保证的三种类型:院校主导型、政府主导型和衍生型,并对不同模式的产生背景和特征做了详细分析。重点阐述了大众化和普及化阶段本科教育质量保证的模式及其趋向。提出了大众化阶段两种质量保证类型:前期大众化模式和后期大众化模式。并以英国为例,阐述了后期大众化国家中外部评估产生的过程及其特征。以美国和日本为案例,对普及化阶段本科教育质量保证的一般动向进行了简要概括,特别提出了通过外部或第三者评估,重视学习成果评估可能是未来本科教育质量保证的发展趋势。     

Books and baths and run all the way: The cultural formation of female primary teachers in the early twentieth century

Abstract

This paper discusses the role of female primary teachers in the development of a national system of education. Their preparation at the various training colleges as well as the academic and cultural environment of these institutions is examined. More specifically, the role of extra‐curricular activities, particularly sporting endeavours, in the formation of female primary teachers is assessed. The paper suggests that the traditional picture of restrictions on females in the sporting arena may have to be modified. Finally, the importance of teachers in passing on cultural and sporting traditions is discussed.     

以史为镜裨理行——论当下教育理论研究与实践中的历史感缺失

当下教育理论研究与实践中的历史感缺失已日益成为制约教育理论研究和实践健康发展的瓶颈之一。这种历史感的缺失主要表现为:(1)历史知识的缺失;(2)历史意识的缺失;(3)历史情感的缺失等方面。     

早期教育现代化的选择与失落:一个比较视角

中日两国在早期教育现代化的选择和发展上存在着相似性和差异性。中日两国都主张向西方学习军事、科技及兴办近代教育,但在发展历程上存在的时间差异,以及在对待西方科学和技术、西方文化等问题的思想与态度的不同选择,导致了不同的结果。