学术资本主义及其对美国高等教育的影响

20世纪70年代兴起的学术资本主义思潮对美国、英国等国家和地区的大学基本定位、专业设置以及科研趋向等方面都产生了深刻影响。面对学术资本主义给高等学校带来的重要影响,我国大学应该采取积极的应对策略,包括建立学术与创业双赢的管理模式,引导高校教师角色的转变,促进学科均衡发展,拓展大学的社会服务功能。     

Regional solidarity undermined? Higher education developments in the Arabian gulf,economy and time

ABSTRACT

The paper theorises fragility of regional solidarities in light of the emerging ways in which two Arabian Gulf states, Bahrain and Oman, are undertaking their transition to a knowledge economy. The paper shows ways in which regional symbolic solidarity goals of common economic and educational development in the Gulf region are challenged by locally focussed priorities at the level of each nation state. These findings carry important theoretical implications as the time of transition to a knowledge economy seems to drive readjustments in thinking about what the ‘Gulf-wide unity is for’, prompting its repositioning from an alliance established to protect and facilitate regional development to a means supporting local ends. The paper therefore challenges the spatial focus in some theoretical frameworks used in analyses of the sociology of regional solidarities and calls for the need of temporal lenses in such analyses.     

Finding Fruit on the Vines: Using Higher Education Research and Institutional Research to Guide Institutional Policies and Strategies

This is the first of two articles that examine the utility of higher education research to help guide campus-based interventions to enhance institutional effectiveness. This first article describes the organizational context and sequence of events, which set the stage for the interventions that were implemented at this public research university. It next delineates the interventions implemented in areas related to enrollment management. Finally, the first article describes the effects of these interventions. The second article, which follows immediately in this issue, outlines programmatic efforts undertaken to enhance the quality of the first-year experience for new students.     

Finding (More) Fruit on the Vines: Using Higher Education Research and Institutional Research to Guide Institutional Policies and Strategies (Part II)

This article is the second of a two-part series that examines the utility of higher education research to help guide campus-based interventions to enhance institutional effectiveness. This second article outlines programmatic efforts undertaken to enhance the quality of the first-year experience for new students. It also describes the impact of these interventions on the first-year student experience. The article closes with a summary of the lessons learned from these efforts and delineates a series of recommendations for higher education administrators interested in using the research literature to enhance institutional effectiveness.     

依附与发展:俄罗斯私立高等教育特点评述

转型以来,俄罗斯私立高等教育迅速发展.除了具有世界私立高等教育的许多典型特点之外,俄罗斯私立高等教育还有一个独有的特点--公立组织参与创办私立高等教育机构.从俄罗斯转型的特点以及私立高等教育所遭受的认同性危机来看,私立高等教育机构与各种公立组织的依附关系,可能是俄罗斯私立高等教育获得认同以及生存发展的必要条件.     

论马相伯在中国近代高等教育史上的地位

活跃于宗教、政治、教育三重领域的马相伯,是中国近代三所大学(震旦学院、复旦大学和辅仁大学)的创始人和发起者。他对中国近代高等教育改革的长期探索,以及由此而深入思考的近代大学理想、教育的世界性与民族性等问题,均对当代中国高等教育改革具有一定的借鉴价值。     

Faculty and peer influences on academic integrity: college cheating in Romania

The purpose of this research was to examine student perceptions of academic integrity among faculty and peers at a sample of public universities in Romania. The study explores the factors that influence academic dishonesty among college students and compares the relative importance of faculty influences and peer influences on students’ intent to cheat. The study differs from the existing literature on academic integrity in that it examines the degree to which student cheating in college is influenced by the quality and relevance of instruction and the academic dishonesty of instructors and peers.     

以企业精神改造高等教育:企业化大学的国际经验与启示

在来自于国家的公共经费日益紧缩的背景下,西方各国的高等教育机构之间在各项资源的争夺上也更为激烈,各种类型的高等教育机构开始尝试向企业组织借鉴和学习能有效提高组织效率和竞争力的经验,企业化大学应运而生。这类既保持了大学的学术传统,又整合了企业精神的新型高等教育机构在市场化生存中所展示出的活力和教训,将会为大学在全新生存环境中的组织转型提供有益的经验。     

Neither end,nor means,but both—why the modern university ought to be responsive to different conceptions of the good

In this paper, I argue that universities ought to account for the diverse conceptions of the good employed by their students. The complex nature of the good of education, which has both instrumental and intrinsic aspects, means that the modern university should be impartial between students who consume this good for itself or as a means towards more fulfilling goals. The discussion on the intrinsic nature of education follows the line of the Humboldtian perspective. The instrumental benefits considered are the better democratic outcomes reached by having an educated population, the autonomy-facilitating character of higher education and the improvement of marketable skills. I put forward the view that achieving a balance between satisfying the needs of students valuing education intrinsically and those of students valuing it instrumentally is a strategy that should be employed by universities if they aim at regaining their imperiled legitimacy.     

当前高校专业设置的问题审视——基于学术资本主义的视角

学术资本主义背景下的大学市场化行为能够有效推动大学发展,然而,大学作为一种知识型社会组织其发展具有内在逻辑,大学的学术市场化也会带来消极影响。学术资本的分化和高校专业设置模式的转变为学术资本主义影响高校的专业设置提供了现实的可能。通过对近五年以来我国部(委)属高校专业设置情况的统计分析,把握当前我国高校专业设置的现状,审视高校专业设置在学术资本主义影响下存在的问题,并提出相应的风险化解措施,以促进我国高校专业设置的科学化、合理化。     

Differential effect of university entrance score on first-year students’ academic performance in Portugal

The main goal of this study is to show that the association between university entrance score and first-year students’ academic performance varies randomly across courses after controlling for students’ sociodemographic, schooling trajectory and motivational variables. The sample consists of 2697 first-year students who were enrolled in 54 courses at a Portuguese public university in 2015/16. Multilevel modelling of academic performance suggests that 34% of variability in grade point average is due to differences among courses and that 80% of such variability is explained by the field of study, whether the university is the student’s first choice, and the student’s gender, age and parents’ level of education. In addition, the results corroborate that the university entrance score is the strongest predictor of first-year academic performance.     

‘On the outside I’m smiling but inside I’m crying’: communication successes and challenges for undergraduate academic writing

Abstract

Student difficulties with the transition to writing in higher education are well documented whether from a ‘study skills’, an ‘academic socialisation’ or an ‘academic literacies’ perspective. In order to more closely examine the challenges faced by students from widening participation backgrounds and diverse routes into undergraduate study, this project focuses on first-year undergraduate experiences of developing academic literacies on an Education Studies programme at one university in England. It highlights the impact of different support and guidance within and beyond their degree programme where attempts to embed academic literacy development are part of subject modules. The paper reports the findings generated using a mixed methods interpretive approach. Questionnaires were collected at the beginning (n = 48) and end of the students’ first year (n = 44), and interviews and visual data collection methods (n =19) were used at the mid-point of the academic year. Key findings highlight students’ expectations of achievement on entry to university and the influence of the emotional journey of students as they begin to make progress as academic writers. Identifying, selecting and applying academic reading were an enduring concern whilst some students struggled with the digital literacy implicit in undergraduate work. Importantly, some strategies developed to support student transition to academic writing in higher education may have unintended consequences as they progress through the first year.