Diversity study circles in teacher education practice: An experiential learning project

This paper addresses the dilemma of trying to prepare primarily white preservice teachers for educational arenas in which they will interface with students of colour and many who are socially disadvantaged. This paper describes how diversity study circles can be integrated as integral to education that is multicultural in the development of preservice teachers’ critical self-reflection as a bridge to developing a critical lens for classroom practice and a democratic society.     

大学生就业动力：社会资本和人力资本之比较

我国的高等教育已从精英走向大众,作为影响大学生就业的双重动力——社会资本和人力资本日益受到社会的普遍重视。通过比较社会资本和人力资本,提出在影响大学生就业的双重动力中,人力资本是基础,社会资本是辅助,大学生应更加重视人力资本的培养和运用,充分发挥社会资本的辅助作用的基本观点。     

Teachers’ professional identity: Contributions of a critical EFL teacher education course in Iran

This paper is a report on contributions of a critical EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teacher education course to Iranian teachers’ professional identity reconstruction.² Pre-course and post-course interviews with seven teachers, their reflective journals, class discussions, and the teacher educator’s reflective journals were analyzed as guided by grounded theory. Three major shifts were observed in their professional identities: from conformity to and romanticization of dominant ideologies to critical autonomy, from no orientation or an instrumentalist orientation to a critical/transformative orientation of teaching, and from a linguistic and technical view to an educational view of second language education.     

人力资本理论与教育投资问题新探

近年来 ,我国教育投资持续升温 ,人力资本理论为教育投资提供了理论基础 ;然而 ,教育投资是否应仅局限于知识和技能方面的教育投资 ,以及当前我国教育投资热潮中面临着一些不可忽视的问题尚需探讨 ,例如唯经济教育化等 ,本文对此进行了详尽阐述并提出相应政策建议。     

Problematising problematisation: insights from critical pedagogy in a writing lesson in Bangladesh

Problematisation is the means by which critical pedagogy attempts to destabilise power relations related to gender, race, class, identity etc. Studies in critical pedagogy in language teaching explore different ways of problematisation treating problematisation as classroom practice. However, they do not specifically address the teacher’s struggle in employing problematisation and the learners’ experience with it in classroom settings. Hence the complexity of problematisation remains neglected in research in critical pedagogy in classroom contexts. This article explores the notion of problematisation through an analysis of a writing lesson involving undergraduate students in Bangladesh. It analyses both the teacher’s and a student’s encounters with and reflections on problematisation throughout the lesson, and reveals that problematisation embodies complexities, and is empowering when it is self-reflexive.     

From relational ontology to transformative activist stance on development and learning: expanding Vygotsky’s (CHAT) project

This paper offers steps towards overcoming current fragmentation within sociocultural approaches by expansively reconstructing a broad dialectical view on human development and learning (drawing on Vygotsky’s project) underwritten by ideology of social justice. The common foundation for sociocultural approaches is developed by dialectically supplanting relational ontology with the notion that collaborative purposeful transformation of the world is the core of human nature and the principled grounding for learning and development. An activist transformative stance suggests that people come to know themselves and their world as well as ultimately come to be human in and through (not in addition to) the processes of collaboratively transforming the world in view of their goals. This means that all human activities (including psychological processes and the self) are instantiations of contributions to collaborative transformative practices that are contingent on both the past and the vision for the future and therefore are profoundly imbued with ideology, ethics, and values. And because acting, being, and knowing are seen from a transformative activist stance as all rooted in, derivative of, and instrumental within a collaborative historical becoming, this stance cuts across and bridges the gaps (a) between individual and social and (b) among ontological, epistemological, and moral–ethical (ideological) dimensions of activity.

“Relocating the Personal” to engender critically reflective practice in pre-service literacy teachers

This case study mapped candidates' responses to a pre-service literacy course designed to relocate teacher candidates' literacy histories and beliefs from a personal to political frame with the intent of promoting critical reflection and complex understandings of literacy, teaching, and learning. As part of a broader qualitative case study including 71 participants over 8 months, this paper focuses on data gathered from 7 candidates. Through a modified constant comparative method, the analysis confirmed the effectiveness of certain conditions created in the course while pointing to a need for further attention to issues of power and the unconscious in learning to teach literacy.     

‘What can I do to help?’: Postsecondary students with learning disabilities' perceptions of instructors' classroom accommodations

This qualitative research report adopts a critical pedagogy perspective to examine the provision of classroom accommodations for postsecondary students with learning disabilities. Although instructors in the United States are bound to abide by disability rights laws, we also believe instructors can act in ways that allow students to feel comfortable in disclosing their disabilities and in requesting and accessing accommodations for these disabilities. We engaged the voices of 10 university students living with learning disabilities through a series of semi‐structured interviews. These students offered a variety of statements on the ways that their disabilities were accommodated or not by their instructors. We classified these perceptions into three kinds of accommodation perceived by university students with learning disabilities: non‐accommodation, formal accommodation and accommodation for all students. We discuss the implications that these types of accommodations have for pedagogy and offer recommendations for effective techniques for accommodating for all. We hope the voices of these students will serve to enhance communication between students with learning disabilities and their professors.     

国有企业人力资源管理的再思考——基于人力资本理论的视角

国有企业是我国经济发展的主导力量,人力资源是企业唯一能动的生产要素,也是企业的第一资源。自上世纪80年代我国从西方引进人力资本理论并逐步应用于国有企业实践以来,国有企业虽然在人事管理制度上进行了改革但仍不能充分调动员工的积极性及防止人才的流失。因此,应进一步树立“以人为本”的现代管理理念,通过优化人力资源配置、改革国有企业的用人制度和分配机制、完善员工培训制度等措施促进国有企业人力资源管理,以增强国有企业的竞争力。     

教育与人的发展新论

人的发展与自然界的一般发展变化以及动物的生长发展之间有联系亦有区别。人的生长发展的特殊性在于:人类的发展在一定程度上已经超越了遗传物质的制约,人的生长发展是一个自觉的过程,人在其生长发展过程中是自决的。由于这些特殊性而形成的复杂性和不可控制、不可重复、不可精确预测等特性,决定了人的发展不同于自然界的一般发展变化。人的教育活动与人改造自然的行动也有着根本的区别。人的发展是在个体、群体和类等许多层次上同时进行着的,教育活动也在这些层次上进行,并对人的发展有着重要的影响。人的存在方式本身就有着个人存在和社会存在的二重性质,人通过教育而成为人的过程,本质上也是人的二重存在方式实现统一的过程。     

What is critical about critical pedagogy? Conflicting conceptions of criticism in the curriculum*

Abstract

In this paper, I explore the problems of cultivating a critical attitude in pedagogy given problems with accounts grounded in critical social theory, rational liberalism and pragmatic esthetic theory. I offer instead an alternative account of criticism for education in open, pluralistic, liberal, democratic societies called 'pedagogy of difference' that is grounded in the diversity liberalism of Isaiah Berlin and the dialogical philosophy of Martin Buber. In our current condition in which there is no agreement as to the proper criteria for assessing attitudes and actions, for a critical attitude to gain a foothold one must learn to evaluate proposed beliefs and behaviour-based standards within a particular tradition as well as those drawn from another viewpoint. To know oneself, one must engage others who are different. But to engage others in a meaningful way one must be immersed in a tradition to which one is heir or with which one chooses to affiliate.     

刘易斯模型与舒尔茨模式比较研究

刘易斯二元经济理论揭示了传统的农业部门存在着近乎无限供给的劳动力,随着这个部门的剩余劳动力向现代工业部门转移,劳动力供大于求将会逐步转向供求平衡,出现被人们称为＂刘易斯拐点＂。城乡劳动力的比较利益就会趋于均衡。城乡二元经济就会向一元经济转化。其着眼点在于农业剩余劳动力向城市二、三产业转移。舒尔茨则认为,发展中国家农民福利低下的主要原因不是劳动力大量过剩,而是由于受教育机会少,受教育程度低,即人力资本投资少。要从根本上解决农民福利低的问题,就必须加大对农民的教育投入,使农民与市民一样,享有平等的受教育机会,实现人力资本投资均衡化。一旦农民的智力有了很大的提高,就有条件向生产广度深度进军,创造不断增加的就业机会和社会财富,实现由穷向富的根本转变。     

香港高中学生的社会资本对高等教育需求的影响分析

本文从社会资本理论的视角,以香港高中生作为实证研究对象,将学生家庭的社会资本区分为学生个人和父母两个独立的分析单位,探讨学生如何运用其个人及父母的社会资本创造人力资本。研究发现香港高中生的公开考试成绩和其个人的社会资本是影响其升学、择校和择业的显著影响因素,高中生的家庭背景变量对这三类选择行为的影响则不显著。     

‘It doesn’t speak to me’: understanding student of color resistance to critical race pedagogy

Scholars maintain that when race and racism are addressed as factors that continue to shape inequality in the classroom, white students often deny the validity of these claims, while Students of Color tend to feel empowered by them. However, drawing on open-ended interviews, focus group discussions, and survey data, we argue that some Students of Color resist critical race pedagogy and curriculum. Specifically, we identify and analyze how this push back is articulated through three triggers: (1) an entrenchment in majoritarian ideologies; (2) a disavowal of racialized oppression; and (3) a disinclination to scrutinize personal experiences marred by race. These dynamics illustrate what we call ‘resisting decolonization’ – a reluctance to grapple with pedagogies that destabilize dominant ideologies about race and racism in schools and disrupt mainstream ideas regarding ethnic or racial identity. We introduce this concept in an attempt to hone critical race pedagogy to better address the needs of Students of Color who sometimes unknowingly participate in the marginalization of Populations of Color through deficit thinking or through the denial of the continuing significance of race.     

筛选理论的经验验证:方法与结论

筛选理论是教育经济学的重要理论基础,该理论认为在信息不对称的劳动力市场上,个人的教育水平具有发送信号以反映其生产能力的功能.本文从羊皮效应、筛选组和非筛选组、工具变量法、双胞胎样本以及雇主学习等五个方面系统地梳理了现有研究对筛选理论进行经验验证的方法和结果.