Social media-based sleeping beauties: Defining,identifying and features

The sleeping beauties in science signify a unique knowledge diffusion trajectory created by citation after the publication of scientific literature. However, in social media, scientific knowledge creates a new diffusion trajectory through social media metrics such as View, Save, Discussed, and Recommendations. This study aims to define social media–based sleeping beauties S-SB in science by using social media metrics which we termed as citation-based Sleeping Beauties in science, C-SB. We constructed a quantitative method to identify S-SB and conducted an empirical study of all types of 4019 articles published in PLOS Biology. Comparison of the S-SB and C-SB results revealed that from the perspective of social media metrics, C-SB has become the literature of S-total elements early gradual awakening type, S-total elements delay gradual awakening type, and S-early sudden awakening type. Moreover, the awakening time of C-SB literature under the action of social media metrics was found to be 4–5 years earlier than that under the action of citation-based indicators. Both C-SB and S-SB included significant “Editorial Material,” establishing that “Editorial Material” type literature is noteworthy while promoting the diffusion of scientific knowledge. Overall, this study extends the perspective of sleeping beauties in science.     

知识管理的多维视角

文章阐述了当前知识管理的定义与理论观点的多样性源自于知识管理研究视角的不同。知识管理的多维视角主要有以下七种认识 :认为知识管理是一种目标 ;是一种艺术和方法 ;是一种过程 ;是一种技术 (系统 ) ;是一种学习系统 ;是一种管理业务 ;是一种管理思想或管理理论。     

从实践工作者的视角看图书馆知识服务

文章从实践工作者的视角探讨图书馆知识服务,重点阐述了知识服务的提出、我国图书馆知识服务现状、知识服务与信息服务的关系和图书馆知识服务的本质.     

A citation index with allowance for the implicit diffusion of scientific knowledge

This paper suggests a new scientometric index that estimates knowledge diffusion and has two constituents: the first one is equivalent to a usual citation index, i.e., it describes the visible diffusion of scientific knowledge; the second one reflects the implicit diffusion of scientific knowledge and is expressed through the number of implicit citations. The practical value of the suggested index is that it permits implicit initiators of the scientific mainstream to be easily identified. The distinctive feature of such scientists is the large value of the suggested citation index and the low value of the usual citation index.     

Proximal advantage in knowledge diffusion: The time dimension

This paper intends to explore the impact of geographic proximity on the diffusion of knowledge in the form of publication citations, and argues that codified knowledge is transmitted faster in proximity and is subject to similar geographic constraints as tacit knowledge. The geographic proximity advantage would be particularly relevant in the early stage of dissemination. We collected three sets of research articles published in 1990, 2000 and 2010 and compared the longitudinal citations they received domestically and from abroad. The study found that domestic citations accumulate faster and reach their peak much earlier than foreign citations, and the difference is most evident in the first few years after publication. The result shows that geographic proximity does play a role in the speed of knowledge diffusion and points to the network effect for citations. Those located closer to the knowledge origin would be exposed and react to publications faster due to the additional opportunities of research exchange and network.     

A taxonomy of adolescent metacognitive knowledge during the information search process

A case study that took place in Montreal, Canada, used naturalistic methods to investigate the metacognitive knowledge of 10 adolescents as they searched for, selected, and used information for a school-based inquiry project on a topic related to the history of Western civilization. The study identified 13 attributes of metacognitive knowledge related to the information search process: balancing, building a base, changing course, communicating, connecting, knowing that you don't know, knowing your strengths and weaknesses, parallel thinking, pulling back and reflecting, scaffolding, understanding curiosity, understanding memory, understanding time and effort. The results contribute to the understanding of adolescent information-seeking behavior and have implications for information literacy instruction.     

知识构建与优化知识服务研究

本文从知识构建的发展过程入手,对知识构建的涵义、条件及内容进行分析研究,进而提出知识构建对知识服务的优化作用。     

The effect of citation behaviour on knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure

Citation behaviour is the source driver of scientific dynamics, and it is essential to understand its effect on knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure. This study explores the effect of citation behaviour on disciplinary knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure by comparing three types of citation behaviour trends, namely the high citation trend, medium citation trend, and low citation trend. The diffusion power, diffusion speed, and diffusion breadth were calculated to quantify knowledge diffusion. The properties of the global and local citation network structure were used to reflect the particular influences of citation behaviour on the scientific intellectual structure. The primary empirical results show that (a) the high citation behaviour trend could improve the knowledge diffusion speed for papers with a short citation history span. Additionally, the medium citation trend has the broadest diffusion breadth whereas the low citation behaviour trend might make the citation counts take off for papers with a long citation history span; (b) the high citation trend has a stronger influence and greater control over the intellectual structure, but this relationship is true only for papers with a short or normal citation history span. These findings could play important roles in scientific research evaluation and impact prediction.     

The role of handbooks in knowledge creation and diffusion: A case of science and technology studies

Genre is considered to be an important element in scholarly communication and in the practice of scientific disciplines. However, scientometric studies have typically focused on a single genre, the journal article. The goal of this study is to understand the role that handbooks play in knowledge creation and diffusion and their relationship with the genre of journal articles, particularly in highly interdisciplinary and emergent social science and humanities disciplines. To shed light on these questions we focused on handbooks and journal articles published over the last four decades belonging to the research area of science and technology studies (STS), broadly defined. To get a detailed picture we used the full-text of five handbooks (500,000 words) and a well-defined set of 11,700 STS articles. We confirmed the methodological split of STS into qualitative and quantitative (scientometric) approaches. Even when the two traditions explore similar topics (e.g., science and gender) they approach them from different starting points. The change in cognitive foci in both handbooks and articles partially reflects the changing trends in STS research, often driven by technology. Using text similarity measures we found that, in the case of STS, handbooks play no special role in either focusing the research efforts or marking their decline. In general, they do not represent the summaries of research directions that have emerged since the previous edition of the handbook.     

基于知识转移视角的科技学术期刊传播力探讨

基于知识转移视角,从发挥传统内容优势,借力数字化,重构期刊知识内容体系,增强知识转移目的性;通过网络平台扩展期刊在知识转移过程中的中介效应,促进知识过程与知识结果的互动与转移;搭乘大众媒介,延展期刊科学传播功能,增强知识转移的广度等维度分析媒介融合环境中提升科技学术期刊传播力的策略。     

A layered framework to study collaboration as a form of knowledge sharing and diffusion

Collaboration can be described using layered systems such as the article–author–institute–country structure. These structures can be considered ‘cascades’ or ‘chains’ of bipartite networks. We introduce a framework for characterizing and studying the intensity of collaboration between entities at a given level (e.g., between institutions). Specifically, we define the notions of significant, essential and vital nodes, and significant, essential and vital sub paths to describe the spread of knowledge through collaboration in such systems. Based on these notions, we introduce relative and absolute proper essential node (PEN) centrality as indicators of a node's importance for diffusion of knowledge through collaboration.We illustrate these concepts in an illustrative example and show how they can be applied using a small real-world example. Since collaboration implies knowledge sharing, it can be considered a special form of knowledge diffusion.     

Defining the scientific community: A rhetorical perspective on demarcation

Long traditions of philosophical and sociological research have addressed questions of the demarcation of science, i.e., how to identify the “unique and essential” characteristics of science which are taken as ostensibly distinguishing it from other forms of human conduct. In contrast, this essay argues that demarcation is most usefully viewed as a practical matter, rhetorically negotiated by scientists (and other social actors) in particular interest‐driven rhetorical contexts. A case study of the 1989 cold fusion controversy illustrates an implicit demarcation rhetoric which grew out of the professional physics community's interest‐driven need to provide a plausible explanation for the errors committed by the Utah cold fusion team. Close analysis of the discourses in the controversy reveals the active construction of working definitions of science and suggests that those definitions ultimately circumscribed the evidential grounds on which the ontological status of cold fusion was a judicated by the scientific community.     

Identifying excellent researchers: A new approach

Quantile kernel regression is a flexible way to estimate the percentile of a scholar's quality stratified by a measurable characteristic, without imposing inappropriate assumption about functional form or population distribution. Quantile kernel regression is here applied to identifying the one-in-a-hundred economist per age cohort according to the Hirsch index.     

Developing K-ONCOCIN: a case study in the cognitive process of knowledge engineers

The domain of knowledge engineering reflects a strong emphasis on the acquisition and modelling of knowledge structures and the processes used to manipulate and transform them. Knowledge engineering activity has been largely focused on the epistemological and representational aspects of knowledge. A different, yet complementary view would identify knowledge engineering as the interaction of cogniting agents with the emphasis on the cognitive processes used in knowledge engineering. This paper presents the results of an intensive discussion between the author and Marc Linster who acted as the interviewee. The topic of discussion focused on his activity with Mark Musen during the modelling stages of knowledge engineering activity in the development of K-ONCOCIN which is a KADS conceptual model of a part of the ONCOCIN system. For each state of this ‘bottom-up’ modelling, the tasks were identified, the available knowledge and information resources identified, the classes of cognitive processes inferred and the outcome structures described.     

从知识转换的角度谈图书馆知识管理

知识创新产生于隐性知识向显性知识转换过程中。图书馆主要参与的是显性知识向显性知识转换和显性知识向隐性知识转换过程。图书馆知识管理的意义在于增强创新活力,提高服务效率,实现图书馆社会效益。     

知识共享的过程和背景模型研究

针对知识共享的基本过程,利用概率空间和条件概率原理,建立相应的数学模型,以期解决知识共享过程的定量描述问题;针对知识共享的背景,选择框架表示方法,提出提供者背景 、接受者背景、关系背景、知识背景和环境背景“槽”及相应的“侧面”来描述知识共享背景模型的一般参考框架。依此建立知识共享的条件框架,为系统分析实现知识共享的因素,认识知识共享的规律,提供理论和方法上的支持。     

Deviation: A communication perspective

This theoretical model presents a processual and analytic perspective from which to study the effects of perceived deviation upon rule governed conversational sequences. The model conjoins rules and systems perspectives in the postulate that the stability of each episode relies upon the coordinated maintenance of homeostasis by interactants whose rule structure repetoires may vary as a function of experience. Directions for future research are also proposed.     

Identifying knowledge practices in an infodemic era: Rediscovering the professional identities of LIS professionals in an infodiverse environment

The professional identity of librarians is established with regard to the current understanding of their knowledge practices. The global phenomenon of false and untrustworthy information circulating on social media platforms paints a new issue that librarians must conquer. Messages, content, news, and information on the web make it challenging for librarians to educate users as to where the sources come from and the need to evaluate for credibility and trustworthiness. During the pandemic, and with a surge of information disorders on social media, the World Health Organization recommended building resilience to misinform-ation and engaging and empowering communities to take positive action. This research seeks to explore the relationship between professional identities and the participation of librarians in an infodiverse environment, specifically by exploring how Filipino librarians applied aspects of their knowledge practices to the evaluation of social media health information during the pandemic.     

基于企业知识管理系统的知识仓库研究

知识仓库是组织知识管理系统的核心要素。文章通过介绍相关的概念,讨论了知识仓库和知识管理系统的关系,并就目前企业知识管理系统中知识仓库的研究现状和在实施中面临的相关问题,总结了企业知识仓库在企业知识管理系统中的应用和功能,最后提出了建立企业知识仓库的一些要求和建议。