The politics of collaboration: discourse,identities, and power in a school–university partnership in Hong Kong

This article reports on how teacher educators from a university, acting as facilitators, supported teachers in conducting a school-based action research project as a practice of professional development in the context of reform in language assessment in Hong Kong. In particular, the article problematises how the facilitators and teachers negotiated and managed identities whilst being engaged in a collaborative action research project. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the textual data. A key finding was that identities were neither fixed nor finite in the context of collaboration, but were negotiated within and against a range of contextually salient discourses. A major contribution of the article lies in its examination of the complexities of negotiating identities when educators from two different institutional cultures collaborate. The article suggests that collaboration has to be understood within broader sociocultural contexts to identify the interplay of forces that shape relations, identities, and practices constructed.     

College Science, Mathematics, and Methods Teaching Faculty Talk About Science and Mathematics: An Examination of Faculty Discourse in a Reform-Based Teacher Preparation Program

In this study discourse and conversation analyses were performed on talk by science and mathematics teaching faculty participating in reforming content courses for teacher candidates participating in a mathematics and science teacher preparation project (upper elementary and middle level). The context of the study was the Maryland Collaborative for Teacher Preparation (MCTP), a National Science Foundation funded project in the USA. The study's goal was to explore the use of discourse and conversation analyses as ways to understand faculty beliefs concerning mathematics and science, two disciplines the MCTP project aimed to connect. Discussion focused on two areas: (1) the comparison of the discourse on science and mathematics by the science, mathematics, and pedagogy content specialists, and (2) the impact of collaboration on the science and mathematics teaching faculty's conversation on science and mathematics. An implication of this study is to promote the analysis of talk as way to inform and direct faculty transformation in science and mathematics teacher education programs. Future research is recommended.     

A case study on the formation and sharing process of science classroom norms

The teaching and learning of science in school are influenced by various factors, including both individual factors, such as member beliefs, and social factors, such as the power structure of the class. To understand this complex context affected by various factors in schools, we investigated the formation and sharing process of science classroom norms in connection with these factors. By examining the developmental process of science classroom norms, we identified how the norms were realized, shared, and internalized among the members. We collected data through classroom observations and interviews focusing on two elementary science classrooms in Korea. From these data, factors influencing norm formation were extracted and developed as stories about norm establishment. The results indicate that every science classroom norm was established, shared, and internalized differently according to the values ingrained in the norms, the agent of norm formation, and the members’ understanding about the norm itself. The desirable norms originating from values in science education, such as having an inquiring mind, were not established spontaneously by students, but were instead established through well-organized norm networks to encourage concrete practice. Educational implications were discussed in terms of the practice of school science inquiry, cultural studies, and value-oriented education.     

新课程背景下高中理科教师开展教学科研现状的调查和分析

教学和研究是教师职业生活的两大侧面。教师开展教学科研是新课程实验的需要,更是落实"教师即研究者"、实现教师专业发展的需要。文章就高中理科教师开展教学科研现状进行调查分析。调查采取问卷调查和个别访谈的形式。通过对问卷调查和个别访谈结果的梳理、分析,建议:广泛宣传、组织教师参与教学科研;积极倡导和鼓励教师多读书;着力培养教师的问题意识;强化教学行动研究在学校教学科研中的地位和作用;内外结合,构建良好的教学科研的环境。     

加纳中小学教师流动的原因及对策研究

当今世界各国基础教育普及运动已取得颇为有效的成果,学生入学率大幅提高,然而教师的高流动率成为保障基础教育质量的最大障碍。加纳教师协会及教师与教育工作者联合会针对此问题,对近千名教师开展了问卷调查,欲找出教师流动的原因,并据此提出了保留教师的建议性政策,这些意见对我国教师流动问题对策研究具有重要的启示意义。     

Teachers’ sanction in the classroom: Effect of age,experience, gender and academic context

The moral judgement of sanction in teaching and disciplinary practices was studied in a group of 222 teachers to determine the factors that affect sanction in the classroom. Factors studied included pupils' intent, consequences, recidivism, pupils' academic level, and family stability in two contexts: discipline and schoolwork. Results showed the significant effects of these factors for each context. Age of teachers, gender and teaching level (primary or secondary school) were also investigated in the judgement of sanction. Results showed a significant main effect of age, and specific differences in the moral algebra of teachers according to gender and teaching level.     

中小学公民教育现状研究评析

公民教育已成为世界各国教育中基础和核心的组成部分,中小学生的公民素质是公民教育的摇篮,学校中的公民教育是培养合格公民的主要渠道,它贯穿于公民教育、教学活动的始终,是促进公民素质提高、培育公民意识的重要根源。文章运用比较研究视角,对中小学公民教育现状存在的问题:公民教育观念转型不完善、公民教育研究薄弱、缺乏"本土化"研究视域,实证研究匮乏、研究视角比较单一,没有形成正确的归因模式等进行细致的梳理与探析,进而提出全面解决问题的对策:顺应时势,增强公民教育意识观念、切实提升元公民教育理论研究、重视中小学公民教育"本土化"问题研究、深刻把握全球化、终身教育层面的研究视角。     

Human contact in the classroom: Exploring how teachers talk about and negotiate touching students

In a “risk society,” as defined by Beck [(1992). Risk society, towards a new modernity (M. Ritter, Trans.) Newbury Park, CA: Sage, see also Castel, R. (1991). From dangerousness to risk. In G. Burchell, C. Gordon & P. Miller (Eds.), The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality (pp. 281–298). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press], teachers are risky individuals who, “must become permanent objects of their own suspicion” [Jones, A. (2003b). Touching children: Policy, social anxiety, and the ‘safe’ teacher. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 19(2), 112]. The purpose of this study was to explore how four experienced, female teachers for whom “touching” students is a natural component of their teaching, talked about how they made choices about when and how to engage in the risky behavior of touching children. Findings are organized along two axes. The first represents how participating teachers perceived contexts as facilitating or constraining human contact. The second illustrates what conversations about human contact revealed about participants’ teaching selves. This study contributes to the literature on teacher–student relationships as well as the literature on teachers’ decision-making. Implications for future research in teacher decision-making, teacher–student relationships, and teacher education are discussed.     

The Conceptions about Teamwork Questionnaire: design,reliability and validity with secondary students

In this study, we present the conceptions about teamwork questionnaire designed to evaluate the conceptions that secondary students have about teamwork. Participants were 309 students aged 15–16 from eight secondary schools, seven from Barcelona and one from Girona (Spain). The original 27-item questionnaire was reduced according to expert assessment and exploratory factor analysis to 20 items related to three conceptions about teamwork: individualistic, complementary and cooperative. By scores of factor analysis, the results show that empirically there are these three conceptions about teamwork with an appropriate level of reliability and of construct validity according to the theoretical hypotheses. There is no gender difference, but there are differences regarding types of school. The results are discussed with an emphasis on the relevance of this questionnaire as an instrument to identify and train secondary students in the conceptions about teamwork.     

论中高等学校科学研究的价值及实现条件

科学研究是中专教育和高等教育的重要组成部分,它对中专学校和高等学校教学、教师素质提高、人才培养等都具有重要价值。这种价值是伴随着彼此之间相互矛盾关系的解决而走向统一的,其价值的实现当然需要创设相应的条件。     

Dreyfus on the Internet: Platonism,body talk and nihilism

This article examines constructivism, a paradigm in qualitative research that has been propagated by Egon Guba, Yvonna Lincoln, and Norman Denzin. A distinction is made between whether the basic presuppositions of constructivism are credible compared to those of a competing paradigm and whether constructivism's beliefs are internally consistent. The latter approach, i.e. whether constructivism is internally consistent, is the focus of this article. The issues singled out for discussion are concerned with the constructivist ontology and epistemology. This article shows that constructivism's paradigmatic beliefs are internally in tension.     

‘Just be friends’: exposing the limits of educational bully discourses for understanding teen girls’ heterosexualized friendships and conflicts

The present paper explores the conceptual limitations of the bully discourses that ground UK anti‐bullying policy frameworks and psychological research literatures on school bullying, suggesting they largely ignore gender, (hetero)sexuality and the social, cultural and subjective dynamics of conflict and aggression among teen‐aged girls. To explore the limitations of bully discourses in practice, the paper draws on a pilot, interview‐based study of girls’ experiences of aggression and bullying, illustrating how friendships and conflicts among the girls are thoroughly heterosexualized, en‐cultured and classed. Drawing on girls and parent interview narratives, I also trace some of the effects of bully discourses set in motion in schools to intervene into conflicts among girls. I suggest these practices miss the complexity of the dynamics at play among girls and also neglect the power relations of parenting, ethnicity, class and school choice, which can inform how, why and when bullying discourses are mobilized.     

Acting,accidents and performativity: challenging the hegemonic good student in secondary schools

Current educational practice tends to ascribe a limiting vision of the good student as one who is well behaved, performs well in assessments and demonstrates values in keeping with dominant expectations. This paper argues that this vision of the good student is antithetical to the lived experience of students as they negotiate their positionality within complex power games in secondary schools. Student voices in focus group research nominate six rationales of the good student that inform their ‘performances’ of the good student. Understanding the multiplicity and dynamism of the good student is an educational imperative as schools seek to meet the changing needs of society in the new millennium.     

Integrating Curriculum,Instruction, and Assessment in Project-Based Instruction: A Case Study of an Experienced Teacher

This case study of a teacher who engaged his students in inquiry within a technologically rich classroom was conducted over 5 weeks, including 15 regularly scheduled classes. Data include extensive teacher interviews, e-mail, and artifacts such as class notes, curriculum guides, and handouts. A retrospective analysis methodology was utilized to address what Barron et al. (1998), called the major hurdles in implementing project-based curricula: the simultaneous changes in curriculum, instruction, and assessment practices. In addition, a framework developed by the National Research Councils How People Learn was employed to provide detail on the nature of knowledge, learner, assessment, and community centeredness of the project-based unit. Finally, the classroom environment created during a unit of astronomy was analyzed and five principles emerged: the sense of a project, the development of independent individuals, creation of a global community of learners, a cyclic nature of instruction emphasizing conceptual and procedural understanding, and the utilization of distributedexpertise.     

编写出版中学理科教科书要尽情尽心尽力——兼析上海科技版《物理（九年级,全一册）》

保证中学教育质量需要优质的中学理科教科书,为此,需要深刻认识：中学教科书是国家的教育、文化名片,是中学教育质量的基本保障;中学教科书是＂典＂,是标准,它要全方位的规范、准确,教科书的编写出版工作无小事,其细节当完备,修订理科教科书应关注、致力于完善它的细部.通过阅读通用义务教育教科书《物理（九年级,全一册）》（修订版）小札,指出了其中值得修正的地方,进而提出了相应的对策：编写、出版理科教科书,当对学生、对社会、对历史负责;文字简洁、准确,内容科学、图片清晰是理科教科书的核心元素;教科书修订工作要加强,必须严格执行标准.     

民办中小学师资队伍建设中的问题、原因及对策研究述评

本文简要梳理了自20世纪90年代以来学者们对民办中小学师资建设中存在的问题、原因及对策的研究。民办中小学师资队伍中的问题,突出表现在师资结构不尽合理、教师流动性大以及教师社会权益受损等方面,主要由人们的错误观念、制度障碍、保障体系和法制法规不完善、举办者自身局限性等原因所致。基于此,研究者们提出了诸如建立统一的教师人才市场、健全教师社会保障体系、结合学校特点推进教师在职培训等对策。针对已有研究,本文提出建议:民办中小学师资建设的研究应在共性研究的基础上重视个性研究,在面的研究的基础上重视点的深入。     

贵州省农村地区中小学开展教育科研的现状调查与分析

新形势下,中小学开展教育科学研究具有重要意义。我们对贵州省农村地区中小学开展教育科研的现状进行了调查,对调查结果进行了初步分析,并分析了问题背后的原因,为进一步探索贵州省农村地区中小学教育科研发展的对策打下基础。     

深化产教融合、校企合作三题

深化产教融合、校企合作是国家教育战略的新诉求,是新时代职业教育的必然导向,是提升职业教育质量的新路径。要推动产教融合与校企合作的深入进行要明察和解决利益逻辑问题、合作的主体澄明问题、合作的激励和约束机制问题。利益逻辑是动力问题,必须明确逻辑利益之皮是合作共赢成就的,是合作者的利益让渡而来的,是合作的范例成效强化而成的,这需要通过积极营造利益之皮,利益让渡催化合作,政策给力成全合作来实现。学校和企业是两大核心主体,而企业是非自明而遮蔽的,通过在政策上的突破,地位上的平等,实践上的标本兼治,实现企业的真主体。激励与约束是手段,它们双向驱动,共同深化产教融合、校企合作。