浅谈通用技术课堂中物理学科知识的运用

无论是在生活、学习中,还是在工作中都离不开物理知识,因为其中能够运用物理知识对很多方面的问题予以解释与解决。本文就通过两个案例分析来对通用技术课堂中物理学科知识的运用进行分析,这两个案例分别是锉削操作以及电冰箱的控制温度系统。     

赶超型国家的成长型技术跨越——浙大中控的技术跨越案例研究

技术跨越的过程就是一个技术能力跨越的过程,本文主要研究了发展中国家的成长型技术跨越和技术能力发展轨迹,并进行了综合案例分析。对于发展中国家而言,存在着以引进模仿吸收为核心和以自主创新为核心的两种技术能力积累模式。技术能力的积累体现出一个成长型的轨迹,这实际上是成长型技术跨越的机理所在。而在对浙大中控的案例研究剖析中进一步发现,协调的技术能力积累、技术融合和自主核心技术对技术跨越的重要性。     

急性阑尾炎腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除临床护理比较

目的：对急性阑尾炎行腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除临床护理进行分析比较。方法将急性阑尾炎行阑尾切除患者随机分为腹腔镜阑尾切除58例与开腹阑尾切除50例两组,对手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度、术后下床活动时间、术后进食、术后排气、术后应用抗生素时间、住院天数、术后满意率及术后并发症等方面进行观察分析。结果：腹腔镜阑尾切除创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、痛苦小、恢复快、术后并发症少,两组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：腹腔镜手术减轻了患者的痛苦,为临床护理带来了诸多便利。应不断总结,使护理操作和护理理论在微创技术应用中有一个新的提高。     

案例研究的方法论

我国管理科学与教学研究中案例研究的数量约两年翻一番，但案例研究的质蜈有待提高。案例研究的质量有赖于研究者对案例研究理论基础和操作技术的掌握。本文系统地探讨了案例研究的方法论，并选取国人外有代表性的案例研究论文做了点评。     

管理学习的过程及来源:上汽集团的案例研究

管理学习是能力提升的重要机制。但现有的学术文献主要探讨了技术学习,缺乏对管理学习的研究。为了填补这一文献差距,本文采用案例研究法,以上海汽车集团股份有限公司作为案例,研究了两个问题即管理学习的过程和来源。研究发现,管理学习的过程主要分为预热、制度建设、体系建设和落实与优化四个阶段;管理学习的来源主要有业务协同、人员流动、外部专业机构和内部学习中心四大来源。此外,本文还提出了可以促进企业管理学习的管理启示。     

后发国家产业技术追赶模式与绩效的关系研究

本文采用"建立理论的多案例研究方法",通过访谈、文档资料、直接观察等方式收集案例资料,并进行三角验证。我国电视机产业所有企业都选择了同样的技术追赶路径,即从引进国外成熟期产品制造技术起步追赶,属于典型的单路径模式。我国通信设备产业技术追赶的初始期,在引进国外设备、引进生产线的同时,国内企业、研究院所(后转制为企业)较早进行自主产品开发(模仿创新);形成了从自主开发高端产品切入追赶、从自主开发低端产品起步追赶、从引进高端产品生产线起步追赶等多种追赶路径同时并存的产业技术追赶模式,是一种典型的"多路径"模式。本文从以下两个方面对这两个典型产业的技术追赶绩效进行衡量:1)产业内主要企业的专利数量;2)业内专家、研究学者的主观评价。通过对比分析,可以认为:通信设备产业的技术追赶绩效明显高于电视机产业。在这些研究的基础上,本文得出的主要发现是:在产业技术变革快、后发国家产业技术能力基础差的情景下,相对于"单路径"的产业技术追赶模式,"多路径"模式能带来更高的产业技术追赶绩效。这一理论命题弥补了"特定顺序"和"技术跳跃"两种理论的不足。     

从实际专利申请案例探讨对特殊分案申请的处理策略简

本文针对发明与实用新型这两种类型的发明创造,对技术内容完全相同的非单一性分案申请案例进行了研究,分析了不同的审查做法和审查结果,并据此提出了审查建议。     

从实际专利申请案例探讨对特殊分案申请的处理策略

本文针对发明与实用新型这两种类型的发明创造,对技术内容完全相同的非单一性分案申请案例进行了研究,分析了不同的审查做法和审查结果,并据此提出了审查建议。     

创造性评述中如何正确判断技术启示

正确把握案件的创造性是保证案件走向和授权范围是否准确的重要一环,本文结合两个具体案例,从技术问题的提出对技术启示的影响和技术手段的作用对技术启示的影响两方面进行梳理和总结,为在审查实践中如何提高审查质量、节约审查程序提供了一些参考建议.     

基于科学的创新：对青霉素和晶体管的案例的重新分析

科学不只是以求知为目的,并且实际上能够产生新技术。这种基于科学的创新往往发生在科学的前沿,并且与新行业的形成有关。但对这种创新的模式,理论上尚未深入研究。本文通过对两个著名的案例（青霉素和晶体管的发明）的重新分析,对这一类创新的模式、互动与动态进行了研究。基于科学的创新显示出由科学发现驱动的线性模式,依赖科学与技术的互动。这两个案例还显示：在某些行业,创新一直保持着与科学的联系,而在另一些行业,创新则由基于科学的模式转向基于技术的模式。这些发现对于政策和理论的含义也在文中进行了讨论。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.