“失独老人”养老保障及法律问题研究

失独老人问题是我国人口领域存在的严峻问题。失独老人的产生与我国长期以来严格施行的计划生育政策密切相关。人口自然增长率和总和生育率两个指标反映出计划生育政策在控制人口规模方面发挥了积极作用,但同时也明显降低了个体家庭抵御意外风险的能力,为失独老人群体的出现埋下了伏笔。失独老人在养老保障和法律体系建设方面存在诸多问题,适时调整计划生育政策;完善立法,强化法律执行,建构有针对性的法律救助体系;建立失独老人养老保险;推动政府、社会组织参与失独老人养老工作,从精神和物质双向维度加大对失独老人的扶助和关爱是解决现实困境的题中之义。     

基于精神慰藉与心理疏导的转变失独群体人生态度的路径研究

上世纪我国实行计划生育的基本国策控制了人口规模,促进了人口再生产转型。然而独生子女家庭结构缺乏稳定性。一旦子女遭遇意外,很可能产生“失独群体”。失独群体在心理上面临那些困境？失独群体在人生态度上会产生怎样的变化？如何通过精神慰藉和心理疏导的方法促进失独群体人生态度的积极转变？本文通过对失独群体面临的现状和精神上面临的困境进行分析,提出对失独者“代孕”行为的法律保护,完善失独群体养老体系,建立失独群体心理干预救助机制,丰富失独群体的文艺生活,促进失独群体人生态度的积极转变。     

失独家庭精神关爱问题研究

失独家庭,指的是独生子女发生意外伤残、死亡,其父母不再生育和收养子女的家庭。近年来,失独问题逐渐成为社会关注的一个焦点。失独群体除了要承受丧失儿女的孤苦,更要担心疾病和养老困难等一系列现实难题。通过以往的研究了解到,失独家庭的困难简单地从物质层面帮助是远远不够的。失独家庭对精神关怀、精神关爱的需求表现更为强烈。因此说,做好失独家庭的精神关爱工作和提高失独老人精神文化生活质量,是目前做好失独家庭帮扶工作的重点。基于此,选择失独家庭的精神关爱作为研究对象,并在认真了解失独家庭面临的困难现状后,分析和探究给予失独家庭精神关爱的方法和途径。     

“失独”群体权利保障探究

＂失独＂群体是计划生育政策的产物。近年来,随着＂失独＂家庭不断增多,保障＂失独＂群体合法权利已经成为迫在眉睫的课题。＂失独＂群体可分为＂暂时性失独＂和＂永久性失独＂,应将关注重点聚焦在＂永久性失独＂群体上。针对目前＂失独＂群体权利保障存在的种种不足,应从以下方面加以完善：一是完善立法,提高法律的可实施性。二是提高立法等级,规范立法工作。三是完善收养制度,给＂失独＂群体收养提供物质帮助。四是完善社会保障制度,给＂失独＂群体提供制度保障。     

论失独群体的相对剥夺感及其集体行动风险

本文运用戴维斯J曲线理论模型,在梳理总结近几年失独群体在集体维权行动中所表达的利益诉求及政府对此的回应基础之上,认为失独群体对政府的价值期望水平较高且呈持续上升趋势,而政府回应的能力水平较低且呈缓慢增长趋势,二者之间的差距正日益扩大,可能导致失独群体产生强烈地相对剥夺感,进而积累较高的集体行动风险。因此,只有降低失独群体对政府的价值期望,提升政府回应失独群体的价值能力,才能降低失独群体的相对剥夺感及集体行动风险。     

“失独群体”思想政治教育的现实难点及对策分析

当代"失独群体"的形成不仅是个人问题和家庭问题,更是一个社会问题。这个曾被忽略的群体,正在进入公众视野。计划生育政策的实施、现代生存安全隐患、中国传统的养儿育女思想、国内养老制度不完善、社会救助不健全等都是导致失独群体难于走出空巢的困境。为了使失独群体走出中年丧失子女的困难局面,思想政治教育工作者应树立"以人为本"的观念,重视失独群体在经济上的困难和精神上的打击,主动与社会、家庭、社区合作,同时还需要注重思想政治工作与失独群体的实际问题相结合,既要借鉴国外的成功经验,也要吸收相关教训,营造合力,帮助失独群体摆脱晚年困境。     

“失独老人”养老之诘问:困境、制度性成因与纾困之道

失独老人是具有中国特色的老龄人口群体,其养老问题是我国人口领域迫切需要审慎思考、应对和解决的问题。失独老人养老不得不面对物质基础薄弱、缺少精神归宿与寄托等现实性困境。缺少完备的立法和养老保障体系、家庭养老支柱缺失、新时代下的生育观念等是造成失独老人养老困境的主要原因。加快失独老人社会保障法律建设,充分发挥社区的养老功能,完善社区护理机制,在全社会营造热心慈善、关爱失独老人的良好氛围及充分发挥社会公益的力量等,是失独老人养老问题的纾困之道。     

失独群体的社会支持网络构建研究

本文立足于社会工作的角度,对失独群体现有的社会支持进行实地分析,运用社会支持理论、现代社会治理思想及三社联动思想,构建社会支持网,结合多地对失独群体的帮扶照顾与精神慰藉,探索如何真正建构并完善失独群体社会支持网络体系。     

论失独家庭的政府救助

失独家庭作为计划生育制度的必然遗患,成为了严重的社会问题。作为一个日益庞大的社会群体他们所面临的问题却始终难以得到解决。本文对失独群体的现状进行了浅显的分析,提出了他们现实中所面临的养老、医疗、返贫等多种问题,并从政府角度探讨了相应的解决措施。     

“失独”家庭帮扶政策的不足及完善

分析国家政策关于帮扶"失独"群体方面的现状,认为帮扶政策存在着"失独"群体权利保障立法空白、帮扶力度有限、帮扶制度落实不够到位等方面的不足。提出通过以下方式来完善帮扶政策:明确《人口与计划生育法》的相关规定、制定关于"失独"家庭的专门法律法规、完善经济扶助制度、建立监察"失独"家庭扶助制度落实情况的评估制度,以期让"失独"家庭得到更好的关怀和帮助。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.