网络广告受众认可度调查研究

在互联网迅速发展的同时,网络广告也在蓬勃发展,并展现出了巨大的发展空间,如今网络广告可以说是逐渐遍布互联网的各个角度。据艾瑞调查称2011年中国网络广告市场将达370亿元,并呈现出持续上扬的趋势。本文探讨了在网络广告发展过程中网络广告受众所表现出来的认可度,包括受众对网络广告的关注度及信任度、受众浏览网络广告的途径和原...     

网络广告运作要点

为了促进网络广告的健康和快速发展，文章从网络广告的发展、策划、制作、受众、发布、促销、创新、测评等方面对网络广告进行探讨。     

网络广告的特点及发展对策研究

随着我国网络广告的不断发展,给传统广告造成了极大的冲击,网络广告已经成为了广告业的主要经济增长点。网络广告的兴起,为我国广告业带来了巨大的发展机遇。近年来,我国宽带网覆盖范围进一步扩大,广告形式也不断推陈出新,这就更加凸显了网络广告的优势,网络广告面临着广阔的发展前景。本文试阐述网络广告的特点以及在发展过程中存在的问题,并提出了网络广告相应的发展对策。     

对我国网络广告市场发展状况的思考

本针对我国网络广告市场规模小、潜力大的现状，结合具体的数据，指出网络媒介大环境的不成熟，网络广告市场的不规范，以及网络广告的发展需求与互联网本质之间的矛盾是我国网络广告市场发展面临的主要障碍。我国的网络广告市场要想真正壮大起来，还需要很长一段时间。     

基于受众能动性的网络广告

网络广告的强制性与其受众的能动性之间的矛盾是影响网络广告发展的一个重要因素。文章在阐述此矛盾导致的网络广告悖论现象的基础上 ,分析了网络广告的受众能动性和商业网站的运作 ,认为基于受众能动性的网络广告将逐步摆脱电视广告的模式 ,能有效协调此矛盾 ,促使网络广告循着自身规律而健康发展     

浅议网络广告存在的问题和有效监管

网络广告在短短几年间以闪电般速度增长，已成为继电视、广播、报纸、杂志之后的第五大广告媒体。但是，网络广告在发展过程中存在不少问题，阻碍和制约了网络经济健康、有序的发展。因此，维护网络广告市场秩序，查处网络广告违法行为，对网络广告市场进行有效监督，是摆在我们面前的一个很大课题。     

网络广告事前审查机制探析

网络广告有着不同于传统广告的特殊性,这种特殊性造成了当前网络广告事前审查机制的失灵。我们必须针对网络广告的特殊性,重塑网络广告事前审查机制,使网络广告健康发展,更好的服务于网络交易。     

网络广告新的亮点

网络广告指通过ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ传播、发布广告,甚至通过广告超级链接到广告主的站点上,让受众了解广告销售商的更多信息。随着ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ的发展,网络广告越来越多地走进我们的生活。１９９７年中国网络广告的收入还在１００万元以下;１９９８年中国网络广告收入却已超过８０００万元,并以年２５％的速度增长,于是互联网正在成为重要的广告媒体市场。网络广告发展的条件网络广告的产生存在于一定的技术、观念基础之上,而其发展也有赖于这些条件的发展与成熟。一、网络广告发展的社会环境国际互联网是一种集通信技术、信息技术…     

浅析网络广告及其发展前景

自21世纪以来,社会活动的重心不断向信息化、数字化转移,广告活动的注意力也随之转向网络,网络广告也成为了网络最为主要的盈利模式。网络广告的出现和发展改变了整个广告业的格局,也对人们的媒介消费理念带来了不可忽视的影响,利用自身独有的优势在广告领域中独树一帜。在过去的十年中,网络广告的发展速度尤为惊人,但发展并不是一帆风顺的。网络广告在它高速运转的过程中逐渐陷入了一个死循环,如何走出窘境对网络广告发展来说至关重要。在网络广告未来的发展中,如何合理运用它的优势,避开劣势?如何平衡好机遇和挑战?本论文将站在一个更高的角度利用SWOT分析法对网络广告进行具体而全面的剖析,并对网络广告的发展前景加以评估。     

网络广告的形式变化与创意空间

网络广告诞生以来,发展异常迅猛.由于网络技术的进步及人们对网络广告市场的不断重视与开发,网络广告的形式变化万千,各种新的广告形式层出不穷.同时,网络广告的发展蕴藏着无限的创意空间.     

Rural Libraries- A Comparative Study in Four States of India

Abstract

The role information plays in socio-economic development can not be over-emphasized. People need different types of information in their day-to-day life and their information seeking behaviour also differs from person to person. In India, 70 percent of the population lives in rural areas. The access the rural population has to information sources is very limited. Libraries, in addition to other sources, form a major source of information. However, the libraries in rural areas, as observed from earlier studies, are traditional in nature and not well equipped to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people. Non-existence of library legislation in various states of India is one of the factors which adversely affected the development of a library system. This present study examines the status of rural libraries in four states of India, the information needs of the people in the study area, and their information seeking behaviour. The study also examines the role of the latest IT techniques in improving the present status of rural libraries.

This study concludes that the libraries existing presently in rural areas are in a poor state of affairs. Lack of adequate resources, financial and human, is identified as the major reason for the present status of rural libraries. As far as information needs, a majority of respondents look for information relating to development schemes, employment opportunities, education, health, etc. Mass media including newspaper, TV, and radio are the major sources of information, followed by relatives/friends, and government officials. This study suggests the transformation of existing libraries or establishing a new set up of dynamic information centres with the help of the latest IT to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people.     

八十年类书研究之检讨

类书是一种特殊的文献编纂形式。检讨近八十年来有关类书的研究状况,类书的研究可以分为相关研究专著与相关研究论文两部分。从相关研究专著来看,各成体系,面也铺得较宽;从相关研究论文来看,对类书的研究主要集中在类书与目录学的关系、类书与索引的关系、类书的分类体系与分类思想、类书产生与发展的原因、类书的起源、类书的性质、类书的综论性研究、类书的功用、类书与文学的关系、类书的现代化、类书与文献编纂、类书的编纂思想、敦煌类书等十几个方面。同时,指出了八十年来类书研究的不足之处,以期对将来的类书研究有所帮助。     

后知识服务时代的图书馆转型

转型既是当代图书馆事业的主要特征,也是图书馆学理论研究关注的焦点。目前,图书馆转型处于后知识服务时代,创新成为一种常态,转型成为时代议题,图书馆需要主动转型。图书馆转型是一个系统,除了社会环境和行业环境的深刻影响,还有存在于系统外部的外在驱动力和系统内部的内在驱动力,两者形成一种合力共同引向图书馆转型发展。后知识服务时代,图书馆转型由空间、资源、服务、管理四大要素构成,整体转型是四大要素转型共同作用的结果,而这一转型既需要解决内外部的原理问题,也需要解决理念、关键要素与路径问题。表2。参考文献57。     

Some Theory for the Conservation of Contemporary Art

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes different ontological categories and how they relate to the conservation of contemporary art. Faced with the necessity of apprehending the work of art from an ontological point of view, a theoretical approach is made on the concepts that most affect the conservation of contemporary art: quiddity, truth-authenticity, identity, quality, consistency, and interpretation. These are analyzed from an empirical perspective, based on the experience of conservation and restoration. Since conserving and restoring require making decisions that will affect the material and conceptual plane of the works, several possible paradigms that must be introduced into the deontological code of the profession are analyzed. In addition, the study of a new paradigm is provided, that of the death of the work of art. This paradigm can serve as a frame of reference, given the impossibility of bringing the ‘Truth’ of the artwork into the world of the sensitive. This may occur due to different conditioning factors and limitations of a material, technical, or intentional type, which affect issues that were once established as essential to the entity. On the other hand, different types of time that are related to the conservation of contemporary art are studied: biological time, the eternal present of the work, time as a constructor agent, and destructive time as a facilitator of the appearance of ruin or ruin-relic in the work of art.     

Investigating salt decay of stone materials related to the environment,a case study in the St. James church in Liège,Belgium

Salt crystallization is recognized as a major cause of damage to porous building materials, threatening the sustainable preservation of our valuable built heritage. Unfortunately, the crystallization behavior of the detected salt mixtures is complex and not fully understood. While the deliquescence points of single salts are well documented, this is not the case for salts in a mixture where one is confronted with the presence of different cations and anions. In this paper the salt content of the murals and the limestone tracery of the main entrance porch from the sixteenth century church of St. James in Liège, Belgium is investigated and related to the climatic conditions of its environment. Concerning the salt load, the research consists of hygroscopic moisture content measurements, quantitative ion analyses, and the prediction of phase equilibria using the thermodynamic model ECOS/RUNSALT. This model can predict the salt crystallization sequences of a particular ion mixture. The output is mathematically evaluated with collected temperature and relative humidity data, which enables the calculation of the number of salt crystallization–deliquescence cycles. The results show that even small amounts of salts can cause damage over a long period of time when the environment causes frequent cycles of crystallization–deliquescence over time. It is shown how a mixture of small amounts of (double) salts, including hygroscopic ones, can have a significant effect on the decay of historic building materials in the case of daily changing climatic conditions and periods of extreme drought. As a result, the crystallization of double salts and hygroscopic salts such as calcium nitrate cannot be ignored. The scientific method and the results are described.     

Differential thermal expansion as a cause of salt decay: literature review,experiments, and modelling of micro and macro effects on Ançã limestone

Salt decay is one of the harshest, most frequent, and more complex types of decay of porous materials in built heritage, including natural stones, ceramics, and mortars. In this article, we address the mechanism of thermal expansion, which is one of the least studied, yet most controversial, of those proposed over time to explain salt decay. We present a review of scientific literature on the topic, followed by a study of the effects of thermal expansion on a specific material, the well-known Ançã limestone. The study included experimental measurement of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the Ançã, both in its natural state and with varying contents of sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, or sodium nitrate. The results show that this coefficient: (i) is significantly higher when the stone is contaminated with salt; and (ii) scales approximately with the amount of salt contained in the stone pores, regardless of the type of salt. Based on these results and on modelling of damage modes at the microscopic and macroscopic levels, respectively, we conclude that thermal expansion can cause powdering, disaggregation, or other types of decay consisting of internal loss of cohesion. However, it is not likely to cause exfoliation of salt-loaded layers.     

“互联网+”环境下图书馆跨界融合的实践与模式

[目的/意义]对"互联网+"战略背景下国内图书馆跨界融合的实践进行较为详细的梳理、分析和归纳,总结出图书馆跨界融合的模式、类型和特点,充实图书馆跨界融合的理论并为实践提供借鉴。[方法/过程]综合运用文献调查法、归纳法、案例分析法、观察法等研究方法,对图书馆的跨界融合实践进行研究,归纳出图书馆与互联网的深度融合、与图书出版发行业之间的融合、与网络电商的合作、与信用评估、金融机构相结合、与文化休闲类机构相结合、与其他可提供阅读空间的机构跨界合作等7种跨界方式,以此总结出图书馆跨界融合的具体模式。[结果/结论]图书馆跨界融合的模式主要有：图书馆与互联网的跨界融合、图书馆与相关行业上下游的跨界融合、图书馆与信用、金融机构的跨界融合、图书馆与文化休闲机构的跨界融合等。所有模式的共同点是跨界,但跨界的层次和程度各有不同,从跨界的领域、时限、机构、程度、范围、主动性6个方面进行分类,总结图书馆跨界融合的特点：资源共享、业界范围拓展、利益双赢和文化认同。指出图书馆跨界融合是一种必然的选择,但不要为跨界而跨界,要永葆图书馆服务的初心。     

Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives

Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian. Sociologists and anthropologists see “the archive” also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories. Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents, archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the meanings of archives. Revision of a paper presented, on the invitation of the Master's Programme in Archival Studies, Department of History, University of Manitoba, in the History Department Colloquium series of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 20 February, 2001. Some of the arguments were used earlier in two papers I presented in the seminar “Archives, Documentation and the Institutions of Social Memory”, organized by the Bentley Historical Library and the International Institute of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 14 February, 2001.     

高校图书馆创新集成运行机制探析

阐释创新集成的内涵与高校图书馆创新集成的意义,剖析高校图书馆面临的问题,指出高校图书馆创新集成的目标是支撑高校知识创新体系、提高用户需求满足度、优化图书馆信息资源体系并促进图书馆可持续发展。构造高校图书馆创新集成运行模式,设计创新集成实现方案,并对资源创新、服务创新、技术创新、管理创新、组织创新和文化创新等创新集成运行要素分别做具体分析。     

Fabrics for the twenty-first century: As artist canvas and for the structural reinforcement of easel paintings on canvas

Abstract

The requirements for, and assessment of, suitable fabrics for artist canvas and for the structural reinforcement of easel paintings on canvas are presented. Crucially, the aesthetic and kinaesthetic, as well as physical properties of the canvas fabrics have been taken into account. To evaluate the fabrics the following properties were measured: stiffness, ultimate tensile strength, moisture response, crimp, drape, and lustre. Fabrics investigated include cotton, linen, polyester, polyamides, and carbonized fibres. Although polyester is yet to match linen or cotton kinaesthetically or aesthetically, overall it exhibits the best combination of properties. However, the results have shown that even when raw fibre material has suitable properties the finished woven fabric may not. This is because of the strong influence of the woven geometry on the final behaviour. It has been found that drape and lustre are very good properties to quantify some aspects of the feel and look of fabrics, in the context of conservation, and to provide a common language to ensure that the specification incorporates these aspects.