苏格拉底对话式教学模式的课堂生成

最早由苏格拉底提出的对话式教学,对于启发学生的思考,提高学生辩证地思考问题和解决问题的能力,实现教学目标具有重要意义,是课堂教学的重要教学模式。在新一轮的基础教育课程改革中,教师应该充分挖掘和利用课堂生成的资源,使学生的情感得到发展、知识得到深化,从而使课堂更加精彩、教学效果更加有效。     

浅谈对话教学在英语课堂中的运用

对话教学可以让教师与学生切身去感受平等的交流,学习不再是枯燥的,取而代之的是智慧的火花的碰撞。对话教学这个全新的教学形式和教学理念,能实际提高学生运用英语的能力,必然被这个充满对话的时代所接受,使教育革命迎来新的高潮。     

A practical observation procedure for monitoring four behaviors relevant to classroom management

The authors present a quick and simple procedure for observing four behaviors relevant to classroom management: student disruption, student attention, and the teacher's use of both positive and negative events. Five paraprofessional teacher aides observed 28 elementary and middle-school teachers and their classes on 10 occasions both at the beginning and at the end of the school year. The paraprofessional aides, quickly trained, manifested high interrater reliabilities. Stable estimates of all four target behaviors were obtained by averaging the data from only four or five consecutive observations. Strong, consistent intercorrelations between the four behaviors were found, and the intercorrelations were in the expected directions. Thus, the procedure yields reliable, stable measures of four important classroom behaviors, and it is practical to use.     

互动对话 提高课堂教学效果

传统的教学是教师教、学生学，课堂教学效率不高。现代教学理念要求：课堂教学要由传统的教师教、学生学走向师生交往互动，学生与学生的交往互动，老师与老师的交往互动。这样，才能共同促进进步，提高课堂教学效果。     

Commentary: Analyzing classroom dialogue to create changes in school

In this commentary, the articles of the special issue will be discussed in relation to how they address classroom dialogue to promote new forms of education. The articles present possibilities to rethink learning and education through the analysis of classroom dialogue. The commentary will address how the outcomes of the included papers lead to reflections about how practitioners and researchers may rethink school and society in a more emancipating, revolutionary, and transformative way.     

Eminent classroom teachers join the dialogue on teacher education programs

Abstract

This article examines the views on effective teacher education programs held by 10 teachers who were identified by senior administrators within their school districts as exemplary teachers. The findings reveal many consistencies between the beliefs inherent within five models of teacher learning that predominate in literature on teacher education programs and those held by practicing teachers. The one major difference is that teachers in this study emphasize the transmission of a widely accepted body of pedagogical knowledge and skills to a greater degree than do researchers. This set of common belief provides a strong foundation for building collaborative relationships through which both cultures might work together to develop a shared vision. Transformation of teaching and teacher education practice requires a willingness to consider values and perspectives that might differ from those accepted within either culture and an openness to change on the part of both cultures.     

Classrooms as installations: a conceptual framework for analysing classroom photographs from the past

This paper suggests a new way of working with and analysing school photographs in history of education research, especially photographs of school classrooms. It advances a new methodological approach for inquiring into the spatiality and materiality of schooling. This approach is located in the practice of installation art and draws from the theory of relational aesthetics and postproduction. As demonstrated in the paper, thinking about school spaces and places as installations, and place‐making practices as a form of installation making, presents opportunities for posing new and different types of research questions. It also provides opportunities for generating new inquiry and representational practices in educational research. Conceptualising school spaces and places as installations that demand spectator participation to function as intended requires educational researchers to think critically about the spatial dimensions of educational experiences and the experiences of place in educational contexts.     

Advances in research on classroom dialogue: learning outcomes and assessments

The goal of this special issue is to examine how certain modes of classroom dialogue might contribute to students' learning outcomes. The articles in this special issue share the idea of classroom talk as a problem-oriented dialogue. In other words, an interactional configuration based on exchanges among students and teachers that go beyond the predominantly monologic approaches of classroom talk. In each of the contributions to this special issue, different types of learning outcomes were studied as a result of specific ways of orchestrating classroom dialogue. All in all, the studies in this special issue yield a picture of the field as a productive research area: they provide evidence for the plausibility of the assumption that dialogic orchestrations of classroom talk may produce various desired learning and developmental outcomes in students, depending on what outcomes we want to articulate, and how they are assessed. Although the studies in this special issue yield promising results for future improvements of classroom practice more (preferably longitudinal) research is required.     

Engaging elementary students in learning science: an analysis of classroom dialogue

Research over a long period of time has continued to demonstrate problems in the teaching of science in school. In addition, declining levels of participation and interest in science and related fields have been reported from many particularly western countries. Among the strategies suggested is the recruitment of professional scientists and technologists either at the graduate level or advanced career level to change career and teach. In this study, we analysed how one beginning middle primary teacher engaged with students to support their science learning by establishing rich classroom discussions. We followed his evolving teaching expertise over three years focussing on his communicative practices informed by socio-cultural theory. His practices exemplified a non-interactive dialogical communicative approach where ideas were readily discussed but were concentrated on the class acquiring acceptable scientific understandings. His focus on the language of science was a significant aspect of his practice and one that emerged from his professional background. The study affirms the theoretical frameworks proposed by Mortimer and Scott (Meaning making in secondary science classrooms, 2003) highlighting how dialogue contributes to heightened student interest in science.     

让课堂对话展现语文教学的人性化和创造性

＂对话＂不仅是口语交会,更是视界的融合、精神的交融。由＂训诲——驯化型＂教学到＂传授——训练型＂教学发展为时话教学是时话的时代精神在教育领域的回应。     

The principal game: A group consequence procedure to increase classroom in-task behavior

The effect of principal attention contingent upon team on-task performance was examined in an unruly fourth-grade class. In the first condition, principal attention was delivered through a game-like group consequence procedure referred to as the Princial Game. During the second experimental condition, principal attention was delivered to individual subjects contingent upon each individual's behavior. Principal attention was found to be a strong reinforcer in both experimental conditions, but ercentage of on-task behavior during team consequences was higher than during individual consequences.     

A causal framework for analysing alternative conceptions

A model for the analysis of subjects’ causal reasoning is proposed, drawing on de Kleer and Brown's ‘mechanistic mental models’. The purpose of the model is to provide a framework for understanding the possible causal structure of children's and adults’ spontaneous reasoning about the physical world. The model is used to analyse data on students’ understanding of aspects of forces and motion; to reanalyse a protocol of Driver's; and to compare and criticize the models of Andersson and of Rozier. We show how the model can provide a language for describing common‐sense causal thinking.     

Bringing a dialogue between Buddhist multilogicality and evolutionary science into the science classroom

Cultural Studies of Science Education - In the context of the science versus creationism debate, Elizabeth Watts thoughtfully explores Buddhism as a model of compatibility between science and...     

近义成语“五辨”

成语有一定的使用范围。有些成语的误用就是因为考生分不清其范围的大小所致。     

A dialogue on dialectics

The following comments are intended as a constructive critique of the questions posed by Lima, Osterman and Rezende. The issues raised by the authors advocate for a return in research and teaching to the impetus of dialectical materialist approaches in the originators of the sociocultural school, including Vygotsky. The focus of this response is directed toward the need to historicize dialectics itself, as a tradition, method and approach. The relation between dialectics and materialist critique requires a critical scrutiny that also provides pedagogical spaces and temporalities for an entwining of dialectical practices with dialogic interchange. The intent of the following comments is to engage with the authors in shaping a materialist critique of some of the ways through which the sociocultural school and ‘Vygotskyian inspired practices have been domesticated within the neoliberal university.     

A case for a collaborative classroom

Collaboration is an important skill. But what do we do when students just can't (or won't) work together effectively? Dorothy A. Osterholt and Katherine Barratt share their structured, supportive approach.     

为增进学生思维而对话:课堂教学的终极追求

为增进学生的思维而对话,应成为课堂教学的终极追求。教育哲学、语言学、心理学和教育学等多个理论视角,共同诠释了对话是课堂学习之本质、增进深层次思维是课堂对话之根本这两个重要命题。要改进当前课堂教学对话中的问题,重在关注学生思维,倡导教师主控型对话走向师生互动型对话、封闭式对话走向开放式对话,创设自由宽松的课堂对话环境,提供对话策略指导师生学会对话。