悲伤情绪启动效应对人的记忆影响研究

利用悲伤情绪启动效应对人的记忆的影响研究,结果发现,悲伤情绪启动效应是明显的,实验组被试情绪强度均值与控制组被试情绪均值存在显著差异,悲伤情绪启动效应对人的记忆的影响与中性形象的情绪启动效应对人的记忆的影响具有显著差异。     

悲曲的情绪启动效应对人的记忆的影响研究

本文作者利用悲曲的情绪启动效应研究对人的记忆的影响,研究结果发现,悲曲的情绪启动效应是明显的,实验组的被试情绪强度均值与控制组的被试情绪均值存在显著的差异,悲曲的情绪启动效应对人的记忆影响与中性乐曲的情绪启动效应对人的记忆影响具有显著差异。     

高昂文学形象的情绪启动效应对人的记忆的影响研究

本研究的目的是探析高昂文学形象的情绪启动效应时人的记忆是否存在影响.研究结果发现,高昂文学形象的情绪启动效应是明显的,实验组的被试情绪强度均值与控制组的被试情绪均值存在显著的差异,高昂文学形象的情绪启动效应对人的记忆影响与中性形象的情绪启动效应对人的记忆影响具有显著差异.     

情绪对记忆影响研究新成果及其对教育领域的启示

情绪对记忆影响的研究是近年来认知心理学研究的热点问题。从情绪唤醒水平对记忆的影响、情绪对记忆内容的影响、情绪对记忆的主观确信感的影响等方面,介绍了近几年来国外以神经影像技术进行研究所取得的最新进展。对在教育领域运用情绪对记忆影响研究的新成果进行了探索,并提出了相关建议。     

情绪对记忆影响研究新成果及其在教育领域的运用

情绪对记忆影响的研究是近年来认知心理学研究的热点问题。近几年来,国外以神经影像技术在情绪唤醒水平对记忆的影响、情绪对记忆内容的影响、情绪对记忆的主观确信感的影响等方面,进行研究所取得了许多最新进展。在教育领域应运用情绪对记忆影响研究的新成果提高学生的记忆效率,促进学生的学习。     

记忆品质和情绪品质关系的实验研究

从静态的情绪品质角度出发,探讨情绪品质和记忆品质的关系。采用艾森克人格量表和Wat-son的简式正性/负性问卷对170名被试进行施测,从中选择95名被试让他们参与“学习和记忆实验”,该实验的自变量是被试变量,这四个实验的结果指标作为因变量。结果表明：情绪稳定性这一情绪品质对瞬时记忆容量、长时记忆准确性和记忆广度有积极促进作用,对短时记忆容量没有显著影响;正性情绪这一情绪品质对瞬时记忆容量和长时记忆准确性产生积极影响,对短时记忆容量和记忆广度无显著影响;负性情绪这一情绪品质对长时记忆准确性有消极影响,而对瞬时记忆容量、短时记忆容量和记忆广度没有显著影响。     

正性情绪对注意促进效应的影响

当被试完成一项与背景刺激无关的目标探测任务时,对背景刺激进行编码记忆,之后的测验成绩表明,对与目标项目匹配呈现的刺激的记忆比与分心项目匹配呈现的刺激的记忆更好,即注意促进效应。近期研究表明,这一效应受词频、正字法特异性、负性情绪等背景材料独特性的调节。为了延伸这一研究结论适用的领域,本文采用正性情绪图为背景材料,探讨正性情绪特征是否也能调节注意促进效应。结果发现,在正性和中性情绪图中都表现出注意促进效应,并且二者没有显著差异,即正性情绪对注意促进效应没有产生调节作用。     

心境,认知重评和抑制对情绪自传体记忆的作用

随着大量实证研究的发表,心境一致性效应受到广泛的质疑.一些研究调查了可能影响提取情绪记忆的因素:焦虑和情绪调节策略(也就是认知重评和抑制),并提出选择性提取积极记忆是一项有效的心境修复技术,但是很少有研究调查个体在实施这项策略时的动机或能力上的差异.本文具体阐述了焦虑和情绪调节策略对提取情绪记忆的影响,并概括了三者之间的关系及目前研究的现状,并对未来进一步的研究方向提出了一些思路.     

情绪性内隐记忆:内隐记忆中的情绪指标

现代认知心理学目前已经涉及到情绪与各种认知过程、尤其是情绪与记忆关系问题的探讨。对于记忆和情绪的双向关系问题,目前的研究热点是内隐记忆中诸情绪的记忆效应问题。其中,正常人与心理症患者或非正常的心理状态中的情绪的记忆效应构成了两个研究方向。前者集中探讨了心境与记忆的关系,发现记忆的心境依赖效应、记忆的心境一致性效应和资源分配效应,主张内隐记忆可能会负载某种心境的变化,进而可以通过某种先验情绪体验或情绪活动的变量集合来揭示内隐记忆的一些特征。后者从神经症患者的临床表现、机能性遗忘症、遗忘症与催眠情绪诱发、内隐知觉中的“纯粹接触效应”以及分离与去同步化等五个领域出发,系统界定了情绪记忆的内隐机能,认为与情绪反应相连的广泛的精神病症候变量均可反映内隐记忆。沿循上述思路与方法,现代认知心理学必将获得一种整合心理动力学的理论框架与手段,进一步探究认知、情绪和动机过程乃至身心交互作用等根本性问题。     

不同情绪条件下奖励对记忆影响的实验研究

通过实验的方法来考察情绪、奖励对记忆的影响。结果表明：情绪和奖励对记忆成绩的主效应和交互效应都非常显著。在实验中,负性情绪的个体总体上比中性情绪的个体表现出更好的记忆成绩;有奖励条件的个体总体上比没有奖励条件的个体表现出更好的记忆成绩,奖励起到了强化物的作用。在负性情绪下,有奖励条件的个体总体上比没有强化条件的个体记忆成绩更好。     

检察机关实行青年干警培养导师制的探索与实践

青州检察院为传承、发扬优秀司法经验,使青年干警快速成长成才,探索试行青年干警培养导师制度并取得初步成效,但仍需要通过建立完善激励保障机制,探索实行反向导师制,适当拓宽导师制适用范围等措施使导师制作用得到进一步发挥。     

On the neuropsychology of metamemory: Contributions from the study of amnesia and dementia

Neurologic syndromes in which there is impaired deficit-awareness (termed “anosognosia”) provide useful observations for understanding the nature of metacognition and its neurobiologic correlates. Anosognosia can occur in various disorders, including stroke, head injury, particular amnesic syndromes, and various dementing illnesses (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). Research on anosognosia for memory impairment is important both for its clinical implications and for its contributions toward understanding the neural correlates of, and processes by which, persons are aware of, monitor, and develop beliefs about their own memory functioning (i.e., metamemory). Following a brief introduction to anosognosia, a review is provided of research on awareness of memory deficit in persons with neurologic amnesia or dementia syndromes. Particular emphasis is placed upon the examination of how different experimental methods shed light on specific questions about metamemory impairment.     

Neural correlates of moral sensitivity and moral judgment associated with brain circuitries of selfhood: A meta-analysis

The present study meta-analyzed 45 experiments with 959 subjects and 463 activation foci reported in 43 published articles that investigated the neural mechanism of moral functions by comparing neural activity between the moral task conditions and non-moral task conditions with the Activation Likelihood Estimation method. The present study examined the common activation foci of morality-related task conditions. In addition, the study compared the neural correlates of moral sensitivity with the neural correlates of moral judgment, which are the two functional components in the Neo-Kohlbergian model of moral functioning. The results showed that brain regions associated with the default mode network were significantly more active during morality-related task conditions than during non-morality task conditions. These brain regions were also commonly activated in both moral judgment and moral sensitivity task conditions. In contrast, the right temporoparietal junction and supramarginal gyrus were found to be more active only during conditions of moral judgment. These findings suggest that the neural correlates of moral sensitivity and moral judgment are perhaps commonly associated with brain circuitries of self-related psychological processes, but the neural correlates of those two functional components are distinguishable from each other.     

引入双循环机制深度学习模型的文本情感分析

深度神经网络模型通常使用注意力机制或融合卷积神经网络来提取特征,但由于注意力机制抓取的特征过于单一,存在提取特征不完善的问题。 将循环机制引入卷积神经网络中,构建了具有双循环结构的网络模型(DRCNN),从而改善模型的特征提取能力,将其与双向长短期记忆网络结合,提出一种带有注意力机制、特征提取能力更强的混合模型(BiLSTM-DRCNN)并应用于情感分类任务中。通过情感分类的实验分析表明,BiLSTM-DRCNN 神经网络模型具有比较好的性能,与融合卷积神经网络(CNN)和双循环长短期记忆神经网络(BiLSTM)模型相比,综合评价指标提高2%以上;与BiLSTM-CNN、Fusion Model 模型相比,综合评价指标提高了近1%,且收敛速度更快。     

Mathematics and learning disabilities

Between 5% and 8% of school-age children have some form of memory or cognitive deficit that interferes with their ability to learn concepts or procedures in one or more mathematical domains. A review of the arithmetical competencies of these children is provided, along with discussion of underlying memory and cognitive deficits and potential neural correlates. The deficits are discussed in terms of three subtypes of mathematics learning disability and in terms of a more general framework for linking research in mathematical cognition to research in learning disabilities.     

儿童数学认知障碍的执行功能解释

儿童数学认知障碍不仅涉及到多项认知成分和心理过程的作用机制,还涉及到诸如前额叶皮层等认知神经机制。执行功能是对个体的意识和行为进行监督和控制的各种操作过程,与数学认知能力的发展有着密切的联系。执行功能可以从认知神经机制、工作记忆机制、抑制控制机制以及问题解决等方面对儿童数学认知障碍进行预测和解释。     

Neural Correlates of Self and Its Interaction With Memory in Healthy Adolescents

Adolescence is marked by the development of personal identity and is associated with structural and functional changes in brain regions associated with Self processing. Yet, little is known about the neural correlates of self‐reference processing and self‐reference effect in adolescents. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study consists of a self‐reference paradigm followed by a recognition test proposed to 30 healthy adolescents aged 13–18 years old. Results showed that the rostral anterior cingulate cortex is specifically involved in self‐reference processing and that this specialization develops gradually from 13 to 18 years old. The self‐reference effect is associated with increased brain activation changes during encoding, suggesting that the beneficial effect of Self on memory may occur at encoding of self‐referential information, rather than at retrieval.     

What Neural Substrates Trigger the Adept Scientific Pattern Discovery by Biologists?

This study investigated the neural correlates of experts and novices during biological object pattern detection using an fMRI approach in order to reveal the neural correlates of a biologist’s superior pattern discovery ability. Sixteen healthy male participants (8 biologists and 8 non-biologists) volunteered for the study. Participants were shown fifteen series of organism pictures and asked to detect patterns amid stimulus pictures. Primary findings showed significant activations in the right middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule amongst participants in the biologist (expert) group. Interestingly, the left superior temporal gyrus was activated in participants from the non-biologist (novice) group. These results suggested that superior pattern discovery ability could be related to a functional facilitation of the parieto-temporal network, which is particularly driven by the right middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule in addition to the recruitment of additional brain regions. Furthermore, the functional facilitation of the network might actually pertain to high coherent processing skills and visual working memory capacity. Hence, study results suggested that adept scientific thinking ability can be detected by neuronal substrates, which may be used as criteria for developing and evaluating a brain-based science curriculum and test instrument.     

双通道卷积记忆神经网络文本情感分析

近年来,电子商务发展迅速,对电商商品评论进行情感分析可为消费者购物、商家调整销售策略与电商平台个性化推荐提供重要参考意见,因此提出双通道卷积记忆神经网络文本情感分析模型。首先,通过词向量与由特征词典构造的扩展特征矩阵两个不同的通道进行卷积运算,再利用卷积神经网络提取文本局部最优信息,最后利用长短期记忆神经网络学习长距离的上下文情感,完成文本情感分析任务。实验结果表明,与多种文本情感分析方法相比,双通道卷积记忆神经网络文本分析算法具有较高的精度,达到95%,且考虑了文本语义信息与文本情感信息,可获得更好的文本表示,同时兼顾文本局部特征与上下文信息的学习,可有效提高文本情感分析准确率。     

条件化恐惧消退的神经机制研究进展

经典恐惧条件化是研究情绪学习记忆的重要动物模型;条件化恐惧消退是一主动的、新的学习过程而非原有恐惧记忆的简单遗忘.目前,对于恐惧消退神经机制的了解还远滞后于恐惧条件化本身.本文综述了近年来条件化恐惧消退神经机制研究的主要成果,重点对前额叶与杏仁核在恐惧消退中的作用进行了讨论.