Scotland and the 1981 Education Act

Bureaucratic, over-formal and time consuming, but strengthening parents' rights and sharpening up the accountability of professionals - these are among the main reactions to the recording procedures of the Education (Scotland) Act 1981 which a Scottish team discovered recently. Dr George Thomson and Alexander Budge, of the Department of Education, Edinburgh University, and Marianna Buultjens and Margaret Lee, Moray House College of Education, Edinburgh, report on aspects of their study of the reactions of professionals and parents concerned with the education of visually impaired children.     

Implementing the 1981 Education Act

This article examines factors affecting the development and implementation of Education Policy with special reference to the 1981 Education Act for England and Wales. Research is reported about professional practice and administrative behaviour in special education assessment. Six professional and administrative factors are identified which may affect the implementation of the new special education legislation:

1. The nature of the professional domain of special education assessment;
2. The emergence of competing definitions of special educational need and good practice;
3. The concern for professional and administrative accountability;
4. The concern for the rights of users of special education provision;
5. The politicisation of special education through the development of interest groups;
6. The market relations between supply and demand in special education provision.

     

Challenges in the 1981 Act

The effectiveness of the 1981 Education Act will depend on how it is interpreted. Prof. K. Wedell, J. Welton and G. Vorhaus, Institute of Education, London University, discuss some challenges presented by the concept, assessment and formulation of special educational needs     

Parental Perceptions and the 1981 Education Act

Parents of children assessed for special educational needs were interviewed in two London Boroughs. The results, highly relevant to the current issues of integration and parental participation, are discussed by Dr Sarah Sandow, principal lecturer in the Education Department, West London Institute of Higher Education, and research assistant, Penny Stafford.     

Barasley Responds to the 1981 Act

Findings from the countrywide study of how local education authorities have been implementing the 1981 Education Act, given in the preceding pages, are complemented by this case study of one LEA's response to the Act. Jim Conway, adviser, special educational needs, and Roy Hepworth, assistant education officer, Metropolitan District of Barnsley, also refer to some of the issues raised by Professor Wedell and his coauthors, including the definition of 'special educational needs', the way the term is being interpreted, and the continuing emphasis on within-child factors.     

Government Policy and the Provision of Teachers

The introduction of mass public education posed unfamiliar problems for the governments of modern states, and the ways in which governments worked through those problems can reveal much about the culture and values of a state. This paper focuses on central Government officials and the Ministers they advised, with particular attention to the pivotal period 1960-1976. Trends identified include: the shift from post-War optimism to the more pessimistic view of schooling since the late 1960s; the dynamics of professional development amid over-rapid expansion and contraction; relationships between training institutions and schools; and policy-makers' changing perceptions of teachers as professionals. Four themes are considered in detail: the imperatives of numbers; status concerns as a driver of change; linkages among the 'partners' in the schooling enterprise; and accountability. Some questions are posed about the sustainability of the schooling enterprise in England and Wales.     

The 1981 Education Act in Derbyshire

Derbyshire Local Education Authority reviews its arrangements for providing a service to pupils with special educational needs. Julien Kramer, assistant education officer, special needs, reports that while the new procedures find general acceptance there are some warts that need to be treated.     

Will Circular 6/86 Frustrate the 1981 Act?

The implications of DES Circular 6/86 are discussed by Harry Daniels and Sarah Sandow, who are engaged in in-service education for teachers in special education, at the West London Institute of Higher Education.     

美国经济刺激计划中教育投入的政策导向及其影响

经济危机是市场经济的产物,教育在市场经济国家被视为政府责任,因而经济危机时期在政府的应对举措中,教育往往都是其中的主题之一。本文讨论了在当前国际金融危机背景下,美国经济刺激计划中教育投入所包含的政策导向,并分析了其可能带来的长期影响。     

校企深度融合下的高职课程设置

随着经济的发展、社会的进步以及高等职业院校教育改革与发展的深入,高职教育与学生就业之间的矛盾日益凸显。通过对高职院校课程设置与企业需求之间的问题分析,深入剖析高职课程设置的内在问题,从而找到提升学生综合素质、符合企业需求、促进学生就业的课程方案。     

Parents,professionals and social welfare models: the implementation of the Education (Scotland) Act 1981

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the effect of the Education (Scotland) Act, 1981, in terms of one of its aims, that is, to increase parental control over assessment, recording and placement of children with special educational needs. Kirp (1982) has argued that British provision for children with special educational needs reflects a social welfare model based on a belief in professional benevolence and expertise. This is in contrast with the United States, where a human rights model of social welfare prevails. Kirp's account is critically examined through an analysis of the legislation and guidance literature, and also data gathered from interviews with professionals and parents.

It is concluded that data do exist to support Kirp's argument. The legislation did not radically increase parents’ rights, and professionals themselves retained control through failing to provide parents with adequate information, often excluding them from multi‐disciplinary meetings and omitting to foster the involvement of voluntary organisations and Named Persons.     

关于政策后续性评价的一些思考

政策修正和废止下的评价;政策的后续性评价及其一些指导原则;多重利益相关者的参与;环境变化中的政策目标的多元化;效率和政治价值的兼顾以及政策评价中的透明;政策评价的效率和价值分析法。     

政府的基本教育责任:供给“公平”的教育政策

现代政府的基本教育职能之一是供给保障教育公平的有效率的教育政策,并作出相应的教育制度安排。长期以来,我国宏观教育政策活动存在明显的城市偏向、高等教育偏向、公办教育偏向和精英教育偏向,教育政策制定主要是以"自上而下"精英决策为主,难以全面保障教育的公益性、教育的公共参与以及教育利益分配、公共参与的公平性。政府有责任供给"公平"的教育政策,推动建立教育的公共治理模式。     

论王襞的重民义举与他的仁政思想

王襞是明代平民哲学家和教育家,他心系民众,关注民生,希望统治者施行仁政,善待百姓,救助人民,让广大平民过上保身、安身的生活。他自己也“屈己张仁”,为解除民众之难做了许多有益的事情。     

美国LEP学生英语教育政策探析——以《双语教育法》和《不让一个孩子掉队法》为例

美国是一个移民国家,美国学校中有许多LEP学生,美国联邦政府为了处理LEP学生的英语教育问题而制定了一些相关的隐性的语言教育政策.这些英语教育政策主要体现在<双语教育法>和<不让一个孩子掉队法>中,对这两部法中LEP学生的英语教育政策的对比研究可以使我们更清楚地看透美国联邦政府英语教育政策的变化和宗旨,这对我国的汉语母语教育政策的制定和修改具有参考意义.