An efficient method for tracing planar implicit curves

INTRODUCTION Tracing a planar implicit curve f(x, y)=0 on a rectangular region [xl, xr]×[yb, yt] is of great interest in Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics. While parametric curves are easy to plot, plotting implicit curves is a challenging problem. Planar im- plicit curve plotting method can be classified into two categories (Shou et al., 2005; Martin et al., 2002; Lopes et al., 2002). In the first category are subdivi- sion methods (Shou et al., 2005; Martin et al., 2002) …     

A convenient and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-allyl selenides via Sm/TMSCl system-promoted coupling of Baylis-Hillman adducts with diselenides

INTRODUCTION Allyl selenides have drawn much attention as a class of important intermediates in organic synthesis. For example, they are useful synthetic precursors for the [1,3]- or [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements (Shar-pless and Lauer, 1972; Fujita et al., 1998; Carter and Bourland, 2000), allylic homocoupling reactions (Masugama et al., 1989), and various other chemical transformations (Shea et al., 1986; Back and Moussa, 2002; 2003). Generally, allyl selenides are synthe-sized fr…     

Investigation on the origin of 5-HMF in Shengmaiyin decoction by RP-HPLC method

INTRODUCTION Shengmaiyin or Shengmaisan, one of the famous herbal recipes in traditional Chinese medicine, is made from Radix ginseng, Ophiopogon and Schi- sandra. It is used to treat hypotension (Chen et al., 2000; Gui, 2001), cardiovascular system diseases (Qian et al., 2004; Zeng and Zeng, 2004), to increase immunity (Wu et al., 1997; Guo et al., 2004) and cure other diseases (Li et al., 1996; Liu et al., 1998; Fang et al., 2000; Yi et al., 2003; Xu et al., 2003; Wang et al., 200…     

Effective extraction of elastase from Bacillus sp. fermentation broth using aqueous two-phase system

INTRODUCTION Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is widely used in biochemistry and biotechnology for purifica- tion of proteins (Diamond and Hsu, 1992; Balasubramaniam et al., 2003), enzymes (Pan et al., 2001; Bim and Franco, 2000), amino acids (Li et al., 2002), antibiotics (Yang et al., 1994; Guan et al., 1994), nucleic acids (Ohlsson et al., 1978; Kimura, 2000), aroma compounds (Marco et al., 2000) and lactic acid (Planas et al., 1998). ATPS is mainly composed of two-incompatible p…     

Correspondence:Thermal strain response of saturated clays in 1D condition

正1 Introduction In recent years the thermomechanical behavior of soils has attracted more attention due to an increasing number of geotechnical practices involving thermal effects (Bourne-Webb et al,2013;Olgun et al.,2014;Loria et al,2018;Peng et al.,2018;Pinyol et al.,2018;Kaddouri et al.,2019;Mu et al.,2019).     

DNA sequence representation by trianders and determinative degree of nucleotides

INTRODUCTION Genomic DNA sequence analysis using wide range of statistical methods (Torney et al., 1999; Bulmer, 1987; Luo et al., 1998; Nieselt-Struwe, 1997; Fickett et al., 1992; Buldyrev et al., 1998; Azbel, 1995) and various symmetry investigations (Findley et al., 1982; Hornos and Hornos, 1993; Bashford et al., 1997; Bhry et al., 1998; Forger and Sachse, 1998; Frappat et al., 1998) is an extremely important tool for extracting hidden information on the dynamic process of evolu…     

Quantitative estimation of dust fall and smoke particles in Quetta Valley

INTRODUCTION Over the recent decades extensive research on atmospheric particles in urban environments was carried out. Most of the following papers refer to their authors’ contribution to air pollution and the effects on human health (Dzubay and Mamane, 1989; van Borm et al., 1989; 1990; Rojas et al., 1990; Paoletti et al., 1991; 1999; Al-Rajhi et al., 1996; McMurry et al., 1996; Querol et al., 1996; BéruBé et al., 1997; Esteve et al., 1997; Harrison et al., 1997; Zou and Hooper…     

Identification of Rhodiola species by using RP-HPLC

INTRODUCTION The roots of Rhodiola species, one of the im-portant traditional Chinese herbal medicines, have anti-viral (Sun et al., 1993), anti-tumor (Wang et al., 1992), anti-ageing (Yi et al., 1992), anti-oxygen de-ficiency, anti-radiation (Luo et al., 1996) effects and other pharmacological properties (Xu et al., 2000). Ten Rhodiola species distribute in the Tianshan Mountains areas of China. Biologically active com-pounds content in the roots has large variation and the value of…     

Petrology, geochemistry and geodynamics of basic granulite from the Altay area, North Xinjiang, China

INTRODUCTION Due to granulites representing products of thedeeper lower crust-upper mantle and having geneticassociation with early crustal evolution and forma-tion of large-scale metallogenic-forming and nonmetallogenic-forming belts, the study of granulitesin the world has resulted in much recent attention(Zhai and Liu, 2001; Liu and Zhou, 1994; Yu et al.,1998; 2003; Li et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2001; Yuet al., 2002; Bingen and Stein, 2003; Blein et al.,2003; Garcia et al., …     

Magnetic properties and heavy metal contents of automobile emission particulates

INTRODUCTION In recent years magnetic measurements, whichare simple, rapid, inexpensive, and nondestructive,are increasingly being used in a wide range of envi-ronmental sciences such as identification of source ofindustrial pollutants and atmospheric particulates(Hunt et al., 1984; Kapicka et al., 2003; Lecoanet etal., 2003; Moreno et al., 2003; Shu et al., 2001),mapping of soils and sediments pollution (Hanesch etal., 2003; Hoffmann et al., 1999; Matzka and Maher,1999), and a proxy p…     

Co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig mediated by adenovirus prolonged mouse skin allograft survival

INTRODUCTION Costimulatory signals play a vital role in T cell activation. B7/CD28 and CD40/CD40L have been well-established as important costimulatory pathways, with the blockade of either resulting in suppression or anergy of T cells associated with prolongation of graft survival (Akalin et al., 1996; Bolling et al., 1996; Kita et al., 1999; Reddy et al., 2001; Laumonier et al., 2003; Thiel et al., 2005). Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA4), a ligand for B7, de-…     

Promoter trapping in Magnaporthe grisea

INTRODUCTION Magnaporthe grisea is a filamentous ascomy- cete that parasitizes economically important crops, such as barley, wheat, and rice (Talbot, 2003). It is also a good experimental model for studying fungal pathogenesis by both classical and molecular genetics (Dean, 1997). In recent years, many techniques have been developed to identify functional genes in M. grisea (Kamakura et al., 1999; Rauyaree et al., 2001; Takano et al., 2003; Irie et al., 2003; Lu et al., 2005). Of these…     

A novel technique of three-dimensional reconstruction segmentation and analysis for sliced images of biological tissues

INTRODUCTION The past decades witnessed unprecedented ad-vances in the imaging science fields(Yelbuz et al.,2002;Campagnola et al.,2002;Sharpe et al.,2002).The technique of3D image reconstruction andanalysis plays a significant role in the basic researchof life science,which developed from2D imageprocessing but provides more information than2Dimage,and has rapidly expanded to molecular andcellular field(Guo et al.,1995;Trehan et al.,2003).Despite the rapid development of the new field,…     

Virtual and Dynamic Hierarchical Architecture:an overlay network topology for discovering grid services with high performance

INTRODUCTION Grid (Foster et al., 2001) technology is one ofthe most important ones to appear in recent years.The recent big progress is that scientists (Foster etal., 2002; Roure et al., 2001; Rana and Walker,2002) proposed service-oriented architectures suchas Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) (Fos-ter et al., 2002) that integrated the so-called com-putational/data Grid architecture (Foster et al.,2001) with Web services (Grid Web ServicesWorkshop, 2001). In the service-ori…     

Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress in the kidney through its C-phycocyanin

正Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) is a cyanobacterium which is considered a nutraceutical because it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties in different renal disease models (RodriguezSánchez et al., 2012; Aziz et al., 2018; Memije-Lazaro et al., 2018).     

Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer

INTRODUCTION Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine) is asynthetic pyrimidine nucleoside analogue with cyto-toxic activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)(Anderson et al., 1994; Abratt et al., 1994; Lund et al.,1994). Gemcitabine is a prodrug which, through de-oxycytidine kinase and other nucleotide kinases, ex-erts its cytotoxic effects through its active intracellu-lar metabolites, gemcitabine diphosphate andtriphosphate (Guchelaar et al., 1996;…     

Feature-based multiresolution techniques for product design

INTRODUCTION 3D CAD systems for the feature-based B-rep solid models (Choi et al., 2002; Kim et al., 2003; 2005; Koo and Lee, 2002; Lee et al., 2004; Lee, 2005a) are becoming more suitable for CAD when compared with the conventional polygon-based mul- tiresolution modelling in computer graphics (Cignoni et al., 1998; Schr?der et al., 1992). As illustrated in Fig.1b, the object of the feature-based multiresolution modelling is a solid model where the suppressed ob- jects are form feat…     

Influence of kaolinite on chiral hydrolysis of methyl dichlorprop enantiomers

INTRODUCTION Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) is an important hydrolysis enzyme (Jaeger et al., 1994) excreted to the envi-ronment by plant roots and microorganisms. Many pollutants such as organophosphorus pesticides and synthetic polyesters and polyamides can be degraded by lipase (Monroy-Noyola et al., 1999; Marten et al., 2003). In soil, enzymatic reactions occur in a het-erogeneous rather than homogeneous environment (Huang et al., 1998). Catalytic function of lipase, an extracelluar enzyme, …     

Analysis of a functionally graded piezothermoelastic hollow cylinder

INTRODUCTION Piezoelectric symmetric structures always play an important role in the use of piezoelectric materials (Olesiak and Pyryev, 1995; Ding et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2003). To improve the durability of this kind of piezoelectric structures, functionally gradient piezo- electric materials (FGPM) have been developed and used to produce these devices such as sensors and actuators (Hauke et al., 2000; Zhu et al., 1995). For the case when a rectangular plate made of function- ally gr…     

CdS/SiO2 nanowire arrays and CdS nanobelt synthesized by thermal evaporation

INTRODUCTION The richness of fundamental phenomena and the potential applications in nano-technologies has ar- oused rapidly growing interest in nano-dimensional materials. Quasi-one-dimensional (1D) nano-semi- conductors in the form of nanowires and nanoribbons have recently been successfully fabricated in many laboratories and by many methods (Wu et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2005; Gan et al., 2004; Soumitra et al., 2006). To synthesize CdS nanowires, people have developed a series of sy…